Английская Википедия:Hemolin

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Hemolin is an immunoglobulin-like protein exclusively found in Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). It was first discovered in immune-challenged pupae of Hyalophora cecropia[1] and Manduca sexta.[2]

Hemolin has a horseshoe crystal structure[3] with four domains and resembles the developmental protein neuroglian.

Файл:Hemolin and neuroglian 3D.png
Hemolin from Hyalophora cecropia superimposed on neuroglian. Predicted differences between the proteins are highlighted in red. Made in Swiss Protein Database Viewer.

Hemolin increases 18-fold up to 7 mg/ml following injection of bacteria in H. cecropia. Induction of Hemolin in moths after bacterial injection have been shown in several species including Antheraea pernyi,[4] Bombyx mori, Helicoverpa zea,[5] Heliothis virescens,[6] Hyphantria cunea,[7] and Samia cynthia.[8]

Hemolin has also been suggested to participate in the immune response to virus infection[9] and shown to bind to virus particles.[10] It is expressed in response to dsRNA in a dose-dependent manner.[11] Galleria melonella responds to caffeine intake by increased Hemolin protein expression.[12]

Hemolin is thought to be a gene duplication of the developmental protein neuroglian,[13] but has lost two of the protein domains that neuroglian contains. In the potential function as a developmental protein, Hemolin has been shown to increase close to pupation in Manduca sexta,[14] and is induced during diapause and by 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Lymantria dispar.[15] RNAi of Hemolin causes malformation in H. cecropia.[16]

See also

References