Английская Википедия:Hertford (UK Parliament constituency)

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Hertford was the name of a parliamentary constituency in Hertfordshire, which elected Members of Parliament (MPs) from 1298 until 1974.

History

The Parliamentary Borough of Hertford was represented by two MPs in the House of Commons of England from 1298 to 1707, then of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 onwards. Under the Boundaries Act of 1868, its representation was reduced to 1 MP.

The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (which followed on from the Third Reform Act) abolished the Parliamentary Borough and it gave its name to one of four Divisions of the abolished three-member Parliamentary County of Hertfordshire, and was formally named as the Eastern or Hertford Division of Hertfordshire.

As well as the Borough of Hertford, the enlarged constituency included the towns of Ware, Bishop's Stortford and Hoddesdon. It remained largely unchanged until 1955, but was radically altered for the 1955 general election. It was abolished in 1974.

Boundaries and boundary changes

1885–1918

• The Borough of Hertford;
• The Sessional Divisions of Bishop's Stortford and Cheshunt;
• Parts of the Sessional Divisions of Hertford and Ware; and
• In the Sessional Division of Aldbury, the parishes of Great Hadham and Little Hadham.

1918–1950

• The Borough of Hertford;
• The Urban Districts of Bishop's Stortford, Cheshunt, Hoddesdon, Sawbridgeworth, and Ware;
• The Rural Districts of Hadham and Ware; and
• The Rural District of Hertford parishes of Bayford, Bengeo Rural, Bengeo Urban, Bramfield, Brickendon Liberty, Brickendon Rural, Hertingfordbury, Little Amwell, Little Berkhamsted, St Andrew Rural, St John Rural, Stapleford, and Tewin.

Minor changes to boundaries.

1950–1955

• The Borough of Hertford;
• The Urban Districts of Bishop's Stortford, Cheshunt, Hoddesdon, Sawbridgeworth, and Ware;
• The Rural District of Ware;
• The Rural District of Braughing parishes of Albury, Braughing, Brent Pelham, Furneux Pelham, High Wych, Little Hadham, Much Hadham, Stocking Pelham, and Thorley; and
• The Rural District of Hertford parishes of Bayford, Bengeo Rural, Bengeo Urban, Bramfield, Brickendon Liberty, Brickendon Rural, Hertingfordbury, Little Amwell, Little Berkhamsted, St Andrew Rural, St John Rural, Stapleford, and Tewin.

Nominal changes only to reflect restructuring of rural districts.

1955–1974

• The Borough of Hertford;
• The Urban District of Welwyn Garden City; and
• The Rural Districts of Hatfield, Hertford, and Welwyn.

Significant changes with only the Municipal Borough and the part of the Rural District of Hertford retained. The remainder of the constituency formed the basis of the new County Constituency of East Hertfordshire. The Urban District of Welwyn Garden City and the Rural District of Welwyn were transferred from St Albans; the Rural District of Hatfield from Barnet; and the remainder of the Rural District of Hertford from Hitchin.

The constituency was abolished in the redistribution taking effect for the February 1974 general election. The Municipal Borough and Rural District of Hertford were included in the new constituency of Hertford and Stevenage, with remaining areas forming the new constituency of Welwyn and Hatfield.

Members of Parliament

Hertford borough (1298-1885)

1298-1640

Parliament	First member	Second member
1376	Constituency franchise lapsed
1624	Constituency re-enfranchised by Parliament
1624	William Ashton	Thomas Fanshawe
1625	William Ashton	Thomas Fanshawe
1626	Sir William Harrington	Sir Capell Bedell
1628	Sir Edward Howard ennobled and replaced by Sir Charles Morrison	Sir Thomas Fanshawe
1629	John Carey, Viscount Rochford	Sir Thomas Fanshawe
1629–1640	No Parliaments summoned

1640-1868

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party
April 1640	rowspan="4" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Viscount Cranborne	Parliamentarian	rowapan="2"style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir Thomas Fanshawe	Royalist
November 1640
November 1643	Fanshawe disabled from sitting - seat vacant
1645		William Leman
December 1648				Cranborne not recorded as sitting after Pride's Purge
1653	Hertford was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654		Isaac Pulter		Hertford had only one seat in the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656
January 1659					James Cowper
May 1659		Not represented in the restored Rump
April 1660		Arthur Sparke			James Cowper
1661		Sir Edward Turnor			Thomas Fanshawe
1673		Sir Thomas Byde
1675					Edmund Feilde
1677					Sir John Gore
February 1679					Sir Charles Caesar
September 1679					Sir William Cowper
1685					Sir Francis Boteler
1689					Sir William Cowper
1690		Sir William Leman
1695		William Cowper
January 1701		Charles Caesar			Thomas Filmer
February 1701					Richard Goulston
1705					Sir Thomas Clarke
1708		William Monson
1710		Charles Caesar			Richard Goulston
1715		Sir Thomas Clarke			John Boteler
1722		Edward Harrison			Charles Caesar
1723					Sir Thomas Clarke
1727		George Harrison
1734		Nathaniel Brassey
1741					George Harrison
1759					George Cowper
1761		John Calvert			Timothy Caswall
1768					William Cowper
1770					Paul Feilde
1780		Thomas, Baron Dimsdale			William Baker
1784					John Calvert
1790		Nathaniel, Baron Dimsdale
1802	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Hon. Edward Spencer Cowper	Whig	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Nicolson Calvert	Whig
1817	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	James Gascoyne-Cecil	Tory
1823	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Thomas Byron	Tory
1826	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Thomas Slingsby Duncombe	Whig
1830	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Henry Chetwynd-Talbot	Tory
1831	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Currie	Whig
1832	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Henry Chetwynd-Talbot	Tory	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Philip Stanhope	Tory
1832	writ suspended: both seats vacant until 1835
1835	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Hon. William Cowper	Whig	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Philip Stanhope	Conservative
1852	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Thomas Chambers	Radical
1857	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Sir Walter Townshend-Farquhar	Conservative
1859	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |		Liberal
1866	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Robert Dimsdale	Conservative
1868	Representation reduced to one MP

1868-1885

Election		Member	Party
1868	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Robert Dimsdale	Conservative
1874	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Arthur Balfour	Conservative
1885	Constituency abolished; name transferred to county division

Hertford county constituency (1885-1974)

Election		Member	Party
1885	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Abel Smith	Conservative
1898 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Evelyn Cecil	Conservative
1900	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Abel Henry Smith	Conservative
Jan. 1910	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir John Rolleston	Conservative
1916 by-election		Noel Pemberton Billing	Independent
1918			Silver Badge Party
1921 by-election		(Sir) Murray Sueter	Anti-Waste League/Independent Parliamentary Group
1922	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |		Conservative
1945	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir Derek Walker-Smith	Conservative
1955	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Robert Lindsay	Conservative
Feb. 1974	Constituency abolished - see Hertford and Stevenage

Elections

Elections in the 1830s

The 1832 election was later declared void, but a new writ was not issued during the course of the parliament.

Cowper was appointed as a commissioner of Greenwich Hospital, requiring a by-election.

Elections in the 1840s

Cowper was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.

Elections in the 1850s

Cowper was appointed Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.

Cowper was appointed president of the General Board of Health, requiring a by-election.

Cowper was appointed Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education, requiring a by-election.

Cowper was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by-election.

Elections in the 1860s

Cowper was appointed First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings, requiring a by-election.

Townshend-Farquhar's death caused a by-election.

Seat reduced to one member

Elections in the 1870s

The head and shoulders of a middle-aged man, wearing a brown jacket, white shirt and black bow-tie.

Arthur Balfour was MP for Hertford between 1874 and 1885, and later Prime Minister.

Elections in the 1880s

Balfour was appointed President of the Local Government Board, requiring a by-election.

Файл:Abel Smith (1829–1898).jpg

Smith

Elections in the 1890s

Smith's death caused a by-election.

Файл:Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer.jpg

Spencer

Elections in the 1900s

Файл:Abel Henry Smith.jpg

Smith

Файл:Charles Roden Buxton.jpg

Buxton

Elections in the 1910s

Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box registered electors Шаблон:Election box hold with party link Шаблон:Election box end Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box registered electors Шаблон:Election box hold with party link Шаблон:Election box end General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

• Unionist: John Rolleston
• Liberal:
• Independent: W. H. Rolfe

Файл:Billing portrait.jpg

Billing

Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box registered electors Шаблон:Election box gain with party link Шаблон:Election box end Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box registered electors Шаблон:Election box hold with party link Шаблон:Election box end * Barnard was also the nominee of the National Farmers' Union

Elections in the 1920s

Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link
Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link
Шаблон:Election box majority
Шаблон:Election box turnout

Шаблон:Election box registered electors Шаблон:Election box gain with party link Шаблон:Election box end * Sueter was also the nominee of the Independent Parliamentary Group.

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1939–40: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;

• Conservative: Murray Sueter
• Labour: Mitchell W. Gordon

References

• Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
• D. Brunton & D. H. Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
• Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [2]
• F. W. S. Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
• F W S Craig, "British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949" (Glasgow: Political Reference Publications, 1969)
• Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847 (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig - Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
• Шаблон:Rayment-hc