Английская Википедия:Hollin Hills

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox NRHP Hollin Hills is a historic district and neighborhood in southeast Fairfax County, Virginia. It is located primarily in the Fort Hunt area of the county with some portions remaining in the Hybla Valley and Groveton areas since a shift for census purposes prior to 2010. The community contains more than Шаблон:Convert of parkland across seven distinct parks, a pool and swim club, a bocce court, and a pickleball and tennis club, operated and maintained by the Civic Association of Hollin Hills (CAHH).[1]

Principally designed by Charles M. Goodman and developed by Robert C. Davenport in the 1940s, it was one of the Washington, D.C. area's first post-war modernist architecture developments, combined with natural landscape designs between 1949 and 1971. Davenport purchased the original Шаблон:Convert of hilly, undeveloped land for $550/acre (present value:$Шаблон:Formatprice/acre). As home sales and national acclaim grew, he then acquired another Шаблон:Convert in 1956, and constructed more homes until the "New Hollin Hills" was completed in 1971. In all, roughly 450 houses with contemporary construction techniques and landscape plans were established in northern Virginia, offsetting the area's more common Colonial Revival homes.[1] Today, the neighborhood is known primarily for its mid-century modern architecture homes, each is uniquely oriented on its lot to maximize its privacy and landscape view, with sight lines intentionally chosen to enhance the common space shared by each structure. These design tenets have remained very cohesive because of a long-standing design review committee that advises on building or modification of existing houses, and starting in 2022, its designation as the Hollin Hills Historic Overlay District (HOD), which requires modifications and additions to be reviewed by Fairfax County Architectural Review Board.[1][2]

The Hollin Hills Historic District is a Шаблон:Convert residential neighborhood encompassing 468 contributing buildings, five contributing sites, and three contributing structures for its 2013 designation in the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places. The boundaries of Hollin Hills reflect the initial purchase of the 225 acres in 1946 as the site for a residential suburb and the neighborhood's 1956 expansion by Robert Davenport that added 101 acres to the southwest of the original section. The historic district encompasses all of the present Шаблон:Convert of Hollin Hills, composed of single-family dwellings, parks, and recreational areas.[3]

Residents have Alexandria mailing addresses with ZIP codes 22306 or 22307.

History

Early history

Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron appointed land agents who lived on the Northern Neck to sell parcels from what became known as the Fairfax Grant. The land agents for the proprietor included Philip Ludwell, George Brent, and William Fitzhugh. They processed the paperwork for Northern Neck grants (i.e., land sales) rather than the Secretary and Governor in Jamestown/Williamsburg. Based on pre-1742 maps of the Patents and Northern Neck Grants of Fairfax County, the land of present-day Hollin Hills sat on land once owned by land agent, George Brent.[4]

Based on an 1862 Union engineer map (VREF 975.52 U 1862 DC.), known as the “McDowell map”, Hollin Hills sat near Sparrow Hill, which later formed Popkins Farm.[5][6]

1949 to present

Файл:Hollin Hills entrance sign off Sherwood Hall Lane.jpg
Neighborhood entrance sign on Sherwood Hall Lane

Шаблон:Quote box When Davenport acquired the original tract, he intended the name "Hollin Hills" as a variation of the 18th-century Hollin Hall Plantation, originally owned by George Mason, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights." General Mason named his lands after an English estate of his mother's family. Some of the Hollin Hall plantation buildings still stand on Sherwood Hall Lane.[7]

Modernist architecture

Davenport hired D.C.-based architect Charles M. Goodman (who also designed the Washington National Airport) to design the community; Goodman hired landscape architect Lou "Barney" Voigt to his firm in 1950.[8][9] Together, the trio of builder/developer, architect and landscape architect chose to design each home with lots no smaller than one-third of an acre. Between 1949 and 1961, Charles Goodman designed eight modern unit types with variations in square footage and interior amenities, comprising 15 different combinations for Hollin Hills.[10] During construction, many trees were retained to block sight lines, and houses were built at angles to ensure privacy. The popularity of the homes, which feature huge expanses of glass, established Goodman as a nationally acclaimed guru of modern architecture.[11][1] Davenport named some streets to complement the community name, while others were named after family members: Martha's Road for his mother and Rebecca Drive for his daughter. Elba Road was named after one of his prize bulls.[12]

Throughout the community, several custom designs, additions and modifications were constructed beyond the unit types creating an “architectural laboratory” for modern home design. In 1957, Goodman was appointed to design Alcoa Care-free Homes across the United States using more than Шаблон:Convert of aluminum per home. Only 23 were ever built, including one in Hollin Hills, which has since been restored. This Elba Road-home is one of the district's NRHP contributing properties and is listed separately within the Virginia Department of Historic Resources’ ‘’Notable Modern Architecture in Virginia, ca. 1940-1990’’ listing.[13][14]

Environment

In 1950, Goodman employed Harvard-trained landscape designer Lou "Barney" Voight to develop landscape plans for homes that optimized their home-sitting, the rolling hills and natural wood setting. After his untimely death at age 37 in 1953, he was followed by Daniel Urban Kiley and Eric Paepcke who focused on more geometric designs.[8] Each provided property owners with landscaping plans intended to harmonize the contours of the land and highlight each building's individual design and siting. Depending on the address and date of construction, residents of today may obtain copies of their original landscape plans from the Library of Congress, Harvard's Frances Loeb Library, or George Mason University's Fenwick Library.[15]

Stormwater throughout Hollin Hills is part of the Little Hunting Creek watershed that flows to the Potomac River and onto the Chesapeake Bay.[16] Starting in April 2021 after months of debate, Fairfax County closed access to the parks and began stream restoration projects designed to restore and stabilize the dangerously eroded perennial streambeds in Goodman and Brickelmaier Parks and restore the parks to safety, ecological health, and natural beauty, which was heavily debated by residents, ecological experts and the county.[17][18][19][20] The two parks were reopened in November 2022.[21]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Motor vehicles are the most common form of transportation to and from Hollin Hills via its 11 ingress/egress points. Most houses do not feature garages, and instead include carports that may have been part of Goodman's plans or added via additions by Goodman associate Eason Cross Jr., and other architects throughout the years. Many homes in the original 225-acre tract have gravel parking pads at the edge of the street, in addition to driveways. County restrictions prohibit the parking of watercraft, motor homes, campers, trailers, and other large vehicles on public streets, as the community is within the Mount Vernon Community Parking District.[22]

Virtually all public roads (interstate, primary and secondary) in Fairfax County are maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). The county's public bus service, Fairfax Connector, has nearby connections via Route 101 (Fort Hunt–Mt. Vernon) and Route 152 (Groveton–Fort Hunt) routes, located near the intersection of Fort Hunt Rd and Paul Spring Rd, near the Hollin Hills Pool and community entrance. The Huntington station serves as the nearest rapid transit terminal of the Washington Metro (WMATA) system. Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA), located approximately 8 miles north, is the closest airport for residents.

Utilities

Trash and recycling collection throughout Fairfax County is performed either by the county or private collection company. The entirety of Hollin Hills is located within the County Collection service area.[23]

Dominion Energy is the primary supplier of electricity to area residents. Homes with natural gas are supplied Washington Gas. The Fairfax County Water Authority (or simply, Fairfax Water) is the primary water company for potable water supply to homes and fire hydrants.

Regulated wireline telephone service (aka, land line), digital/cable TV service, and residential Internet service is available with Comcast, Cox and Verizon.[24]

Government

For elections, the majority of Hollin Hills is located within the Kirkside (608) voting precinct and the Hollin Meadows Elementary School is the polling place. For others, residents are served by the Bucknell (604) voting precinct and its Bryant Center polling place.[25]

Education

Within the community's first five years, construction began in June 1954 on Hollin Hills Elementary School, located adjacent to the community entrance along Fort Hunt Road, immediately north of the intersection with Paul Spring Road. The school was built at a cost of $275,964 (present value: $Шаблон:Formatprice) and opened its doors to students on September 6, 1955. In the subsequent years, the originally all-white school was desegregated in 1964. By the late 1970s, enrollment numbers had declined and the school was closed in June 1980. The buildings have since been converted into the Paul Spring Retirement Community living center.[27]

As of 2023, public elementary and secondary education of resident youth is provided by Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS) with school board representation from the Mount Vernon District. FCPS schools serving the community are Hollin Meadows Elementary School, Sandburg Middle School and West Potomac High School (Wolverines). There are also many private schools in the area, such as Bishop Ireton High School (Cardinals) and St. Stephen's & St. Agnes School (Saints).

Файл:LittleLibrary-HollinHills-GlasgowRd.jpg
Little Library Book Exchange in Hollin Hills at 2200 block of Glasgow Rd

The nearest public libraries to Hollin Hills are the Sherwood Regional Library and Martha Washington Library served by the Fairfax County Public Library (FCPL) system. In addition, several residents have installed and maintain neighborhood book exchanges and chartered Little Free Library locations throughout the neighborhood, often stylized in the shape of mid-century modern homes found throughout the community.

Civic association

The Civic Association of Hollin Hills (CAHH) is a volunteer neighborhood organization structured to promote the common good of the community. It is led by a nine-member, democratically elected Board of Directors which manages a variety of community activities including a monthly newsletter, a resident/owner directory, an architectural design review committee, management and oversight of 30 acres of parks, the Hollin Hills Pool, Hollin Hills Pickleball and Tennis Club, and the biennial House and Garden Tour.

Parks

Resident volunteers with efforts of the CAHH Parks Committee[28] and the Friends of Hollin Hills organize to enhance park amenities and to control non-native, invasive species such as English ivy, multiflora rose, and tea viburnum. The seven CAHH parks[29] include:

Файл:Wildlife Sanctuary CAHH sign.jpg
CAHH entrance sign for Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Paul Spring Park–a Шаблон:Convert park that runs along the north side of Paul Spring Road, located in the Groveton area. According to the county website, Paul Spring Park is located in a FEMA-designated "100 year floodplain" (aka, Zone AE) and Chesapeake Bay Resource Protection Area (RPA) since 1993.[30]
  • Voight Memorial Park–a set of three properties totaling Шаблон:Convert located between Fort Hunt Road and Rippon Road at the eastern edge of Hollin Hills in the Fort Hunt area, including the Hollin Hills Pool & Swim Club, the Hollin Hills Pickleball & Tennis Courts and wooded parkland. The main portion of the park includes a children's playground, with a bocce court located along Rippon Road. Voight Park is located within FEMA Zone AE floodplain and the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area RPA since 1993.[30]
  • McCalley Park–a small Шаблон:Convert park named after Charles R. “Mac” McCalley, the construction foreman of Hollin Hills from 1949 to 1971. It is located at the southwest corner of Paul Spring Road and Rippon Road across from Voight Park. This land was once the site of one of the originally built homes but often suffered from flooding. As a result, the structure (formerly 1801 Paul Spring Rd) was raised and the property purchased by Fairfax County Board of Supervisors in 1990. The entire park is located within the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area RPA with some portions within a FEMA Zone AE floodplain.[30]
  • Charles Goodman Park & Trail–originally named East Stafford Park and renamed after the neighborhood's master architect and planner. The sloping, narrow park consists of two tracts at a combined Шаблон:Convert size that directly borders 28 home properties, and is located in the Fort Hunt area and runs roughly north–south from Paul Spring Road to Martha's Road; it can be accessed at either end. A riparian zone exists along its stream. The park is similar to Brickelmaier Park in that it is mostly forested land following the Paul Spring Branch stream with a riparian corridor.
  • Brickelmaier Park & Trail–the park originally was known as West Stafford Park, but was renamed in 1978 in honor of George Brickelmaier, an original resident of Hollin Hills who worked with developer Robert Davenport. This Fort Hunt area park is Шаблон:Convert and is accessible from Popkins Lane and Paul Spring Road, and borders 20 properties along Beechwood Road, Stafford Road, Bedford Lane, and Pickwick Lane. The park is mostly forested land that followed the natural watercourse of the Paul Spring Branch stream with a riparian corridor which buffers the stream. The park is within a designated RPA since 2003.[30]
  • Wildlife Sanctuary–a relatively level Шаблон:Convert set of six tracts, which was subdivided for development in the 1960s, but never improved. It is located in the Hybla Valley area and Hybla Valley Farm land tract along Delafield Place and Boswell Avenue, west of Elba Road. While it was acquired through a land trade with Fairfax County in 1976, it is a part of the HOD. The majority of the land is located within the Chesapeake Bay RPA since 2003.[30]
  • Sutton–Potter Park–a narrow, sloping Шаблон:Convert rectangular park along with a much smaller Шаблон:Convert access tract (aka, the dogleg) at the western edge of Hollin Hills (in the Hybla Valley area). The park entrance is located via path in the 7400 block of Range Road. The homes along this block (officially designated in county records as Hollin Meadows) are a semi-exclave to Hollin Hills; its homeowners and residents are allowed to join and become members of the CAHH. This park was acquired in 1966 as part of a land swap with the county; it is located outside the historic district and HOD.

Lastly, other nearby parks inclusive of the county HOD but located outside of the state and national historic district boundaries are White Oaks Park and two portions of the Paul Springs Valley Stream Park, all of which is maintained by the Fairfax County Park Authority (FCPA).

Swim and racquet clubs

Goodman and Davenport originally planned and submitted to Fairfax County for zoning approval in 1952 that Hollin Hills would have its own shopping center and gas station; however, the county rejected the plan and the shopping center is never built on the corner of Paul Spring Road and Fort Hunt Road. The site is now the home of the Hollin Hills pool, and tennis and pickleball courts. Completed in 1954, Hollin Hills Pool & Swim Club, which was established on Шаблон:Convert of land purchased by the Civic Association from Robert Davenport. The Hollin Hills Swim Team, established in 1956, is one of the nine charter members of the Northern Virginia Swim League (NVSL). The Hollin Hills Bluefish compete in NVSL Division 14.[31]

In 1955, the community formed a tennis club and four tennis courts were built and remained in active use for many years until the 1990s when period flooding from the Paul Spring Branch damaged the courts to become nearly unplayable.[8] In 2021, the community voted to replace half the tennis courts. In 2022, six pickleball courts were built atop two of the tennis courts; the courts are managed by the CAHH Hollin Hills Pickleball and Tennis Club.[8] The pool/tennis/pickleball property, now consisting of Шаблон:Convert, is located along Fort Hunt Road at its intersection with Paul Spring Road. Both the swim and racquet clubs offer resident and non-resident membership options.[32]

In 1964, the Hollin Meadows Swim and Tennis Club at 2500 Woodlawn Trail is located near the "new" Hollin Hills area and was once part of CAHH. Today, the HMSTC is separate from the CAHH as a private-membership based club operating a 5-acre complex in a wooded area, bordering the historic district boundaries.

Awards and recognition

Шаблон:Gallery

The structures and community of Hollin Hills has won many architectural and landscape design awards beginning with the Revere Quality House award from the Southwest Research Institute in 1950. After more than 25 years, the community was the inaugural awardee of the Test-of-Time Award (Residential category) from the Virginia Society of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) for its lasting appeal in site-planning, house sitting and architecture[33] for houses on Stafford Road.[34][35]

With its last home constructed in 1971, the community's first significant and lasting recognition as a historic community occurred quickly thereafter with its 1972 inclusion in the Fairfax County's Inventory of Historic Sites. Next in December 2004, Hollin Hills is prominently listed within The Contemporary House and The Contemporary Landscape Design sections of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) multiple property submission for Historic Residential Suburbs in the United States, 1830–1960. Subsequently, the Board of the Civic Association of Hollin Hills (CAHH) sought and was granted state and national designations when Hollin Hills was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register in late June 2013, followed by its September 2013 inclusion as a National Register of Historic Places national historic district.[3][36]

Year Title Organization Notes[35]
1950–51 Certificate of Merit Revere Home Program sponsored by the Southwest Research Institute Housing Research Foundation Certified Quality House Program[35]
1951 "Best Houses under $15,000” Life magazine Life (September 10, 1951 edition) awards Unit Type No. 2 homes:
* 7221 Stafford Rd (Mr. and Mrs. Allan Searle)
* 7223 Stafford Rd (Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Whitely)
* 7301 Stafford Rd (Mr. and Mrs. James Anderson)
1951 Certificate of Merit Southwest Research Institute Hollin Hills named "Nation's Outstanding Development;
Charles Goodman named "Architect of the Year";
Robert C. Davenport named "Builder of the Year"
1950–51 Best Homes for Family Living[37] Parents magazine Award presented at the National Association of Home Builders (Jan 1952) and published in the Parents Feb 1952 edition
* Unit Type No. 2 - 7309 Stafford Rd (Mr. and Mrs. Alex Radin)
* Unit Type 2B42LB - 7313 Stafford Rd (Mr. and Mrs. Howard West)
1954 Award of Merit American Institute of Architects (AIA) National Honor Award Original Square house design, 7322 Rebecca Dr
1954 Most Advanced Builder House House & Home, The Magazine of Building[38] Unit Type 5A
1955 Award of Merit AIA Washington–Metropolitan Chapter[35]
1955 National Award AIA[35]
1955 The Evening Star–AIA Award for Residential Architecture AIA Washington–Metropolitan Chapter Class 1 - Custom Designed Homes for Owner Occupancy
* 7411 Recard Ln (then 6 Recard Ln) (Clarence O. Skinner Residence)
Class 2 - Development Houses for Sale or Rent
* 400 Paul Spring Rd (Casper Neer Residence)[39]
1956 The Evening Star–AIA Award for Residential Architecture AIA Washington–Metropolitan Chapter Unit Type 5CS at 1241 Rebecca Dr (M. E. Odoroff Residence)[40]
1957 The Evening Star–AIA Award for Residential Architecture AIA Washington–Metropolitan Chapter Development house category: 1216 Rebecca Dr (Joseph R. Lane Residence)
Remodeled house category: 410 Paul Spring Rd (Mr. & Mrs. Martin M. Rosen Residence); architect for remodeling (Casper S. Neer)
Remodeled house category: 1 Bedford Ln (Mr. & Mrs. William Welch Residence); architect for remodeling (Casper S. Neer)[41]
1957 Merchant Built winners of Homes for Better Living Awards AIA in cooperation with House and Home, Better Homes and Gardens, and NBC * Award of Merit–7322 Rebecca Dr (Mr. and Mrs. Jeremy Hodson)
* Honorable Mention–607 Sherwood Hall Ln
1957 Best Homes for Family Living - Special Merit Award for Distinctive Design Parents magazine 407 Brentwood Pl (R. Randall Vosbeck Residence)
1957 AIA Regional Award Competition AIA * Award of Merit–1241 Rebecca Dr (M. E. Odoroff Residence)
* Honorable Mention–607 Sherwood Hall Ln (Residence)
1957 AIA Centennial Exhibit—100 Years of American Architecture AIA Selected as one of ten "Milestones in future of American Architecture" exhibit at National Gallery of Art
1958 Exhibit of U.S. Architecture International Union of Architects
(French: Union internationale des Architectes; UIA)		 5th UIA World Congress (held in Moscow, Russia)
1961 Better Living: A Sensible Buy in the Suburbs Life magazine Review by archtitect critic Paul Rudolph on pg. 114, 116
1976 Award of Excellence The Washington Post "Let the Sun Shine In"
1972 Fairfax County's Inventory of Historic Sites Fairfax County, Virginia
1981 Test-of-Time Award[33] AIA Virginia Society Hollin Hills awarded the inaugural Test-of-Time Award (Residential Award);
the Virginia Record journal showcased Unit Type No. 2B42LB homes:
* 7311 Stafford Rd (Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert Beebee)
* 7313 Stafford Rd (Mr. and Mrs. Howard West)
1989 Design Award for Continuing Contributions to Community Appearance Northern Virginia Community Appearance Alliance[35]
1997 Award for Excellence (2) AIA Virginia Society, and
AIA Northern Virginia Chapter		 for an addition to the Killpatrick residence, 2117 Paul Spring Rd, designed by architect Matt Poe
2004 Historic Residential Suburbs in the United States MPD, 1830–1960 National Register of Historic Places (NHRP)
National Park Service		 Listed at national level of multiple property designation.
2005 Honorable Mention Fairfax County Exceptional Design Awards[35]
2010 ‘Mad Men’ Look Contest 2010 - 3rd place The Washington Post K. Smith residence
2012 ‘Mad Men’ Look Contest 2012 - Winner The Washington Post Unit Type 5CS at Kimbro St (D. Rivera and J. Hall-Rivera residence)
2013 Virginia Landmarks Register Virginia Department of Historic Resources 029-5471 Hollin Hills Historic District
2013 National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) historic district National Register of Historic Places (NHRP)
National Park Service		 326-acre suburban development under Criteria A and C with a period of significance from 1946 to 1971; 475 homes as contributing structures
2015 Hollin Hills Historic District, Ronald F. Lee residence (1949–60) National Register of Historic Places (NHRP)
National Park Service		 Criteria B addendum for 1805 Drury Lane[42]
2018 Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) Heritage Documentation Programs
National Park Service		 Extensive drawings, photographs and written reports on:
  • Unit House No. 7L Custom Line - 2402 Brentwood Pl
  • Unit House No. 5B - 2204 Glasgow Rd
  • Unit House No. 2BR2LB - 2224 Glasgow Rd
2022 Fairfax County Environmental Excellence Award Fairfax County Office of Environmental and Energy Coordination Elisabeth Lardner, CAHH Parks Committee
(Individual County Resident Category)
2022 Historic Overlay District (HOD) designation[2] Fairfax County Board of Supervisors

Notable residents

Over the decades, this mid-century modern community has attracted artists, architects, politicians, lawyers, doctors and numerous other individuals typical of the metropolitan DC region, including and the production designers for Mad Men, Dan Bishop and Jeremy Conway.[43] Notable residents include: Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Fairfax County, Virginia Шаблон:South Alexandria Шаблон:National Register of Historic Places in Virginia

Шаблон:Authority control

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