Английская Википедия:Human Shadow Etched in Stone

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Шаблон:Nihongo is an exhibition at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. It is thought to be the residue of a person who was sitting at the entrance of Hiroshima Branch of Sumitomo Bank when the atomic bomb was dropped over Hiroshima. It is also known as Human Shadow of Death or simply the Blast Shadow.

Background

According to museum staff, many visitors to the museum believe that the shadow is the outline of a human vaporized immediately after the bombing. However, the possibility of human vaporization is not supported from a medical perspective. The ground surface temperature is thought to have ranged from 3,000 to 4,000 degrees Celsius just after the bombing. Exposing a body to this level of radiant heat would leave bones and carbonized organs behind. While radiation could severely inflame and ulcerate the skin, complete vaporization of the body is impossible.

It is thought that the person had been sitting on the stone step waiting for the bank to open when the heat from the bomb burned the surrounding stone white and left the person's shadow. In the seconds following the explosion, the person's body was gradually disintegrated from the outer layers to its skeletal core. The sitting-person hypothesis tends to concur with the geometrical intepretation of the shadow, clearly decreasing in density (in the opposite direction to the Bank entrance) while at the same time exhibiting higher density in its center, corresponding to the symmetries of a seated person. A black deposit was also found on the shadow, - the dark color of ashes resulting from specific cremation temperatures. The outline of the shadow in some regions and different angles between the shadow layers may indicate that the initial shadow was being overlapped with secondary shadows from electromagnetic radiation sources as the Hiroshima bomb was detonating.

In January 1971, part of the stone containing the artifact (3.3 meters wide by 2 meters high) was cut from the original location and moved to the museum. As the shadow had been degraded due to weathering, in April 1975 the museum began research into preserving the shadow. In 1991, the museum reported that earnest investigation of preservation methods had commenced. At present, the stone is surrounded by glass.

It is thought that the person depicted in the stone died immediately with the flash of the atomic bomb, or after falling down after the explosion. Some people stated that they saw the person sitting at the entrance just before the bombing. A former soldier testified that he had recovered the person's body. However, the person's identity is still unknown. As of 2016, the museum exhibit states that "Several people have suggested that the person could be a member of their family". In the past, the museum exhibit contained a statement that the person was a 42-year-old woman named Шаблон:Nihongo. As a result of these previous statements, some conclusions in the literature state that she was the person depicted in the stone.

History

Hiroshima Branch of Sumitomo Bank

• The black x-mark indicates ground zero, while the red circle is the Hiroshima Branch of Sumitomo Bank (now Sumitomo Mitsui Bank)

  The black x-mark indicates ground zero, while the red circle is the Hiroshima Branch of Sumitomo Bank (now Sumitomo Mitsui Bank)

• Aerial photograph on July 25, 1945, before the bombing

  Aerial photograph on July 25, 1945, before the bombing

• Aerial photograph on August 8, 1945, two days after the bombing

  Aerial photograph on August 8, 1945, two days after the bombing

Файл:Looking North East General view looking north east of building 5H-19.jpg

Hiroshima Branch of Sumitomo Bank after the bombing. There existed Human Shadow of Death near the person standing at the entrance.

Файл:P01604.004 HIROSHIMA, JAPAN. 1945-08.jpg

The view toward the east from Шаблон:Interlanguage link. The white building in the center is the main office of Geibi Bank, and the building on the right is the Hiroshima Branch of Sumitomo Bank.

Файл:The Shadow - Hiroshima.jpg

Photographed by U.S. forces on November 20, 1945

Human Shadow Etched in Stone was originally part of the stone steps at the entrance of the Hiroshima Branch of Sumitomo Bank, located 260 meters from ground zero. The current location of the Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Hiroshima Branch is Kamiya-cho 1 Chome.Шаблон:Efn

The bank was built in 1928. It was designed by Шаблон:Nihongo at the department of engineering of Sumitomo Group (now Nikken Sekkei), and was constructed by the Obayashi Corporation. The building was constructed out of reinforced concrete, with four floors above ground and one below with an open ceiling up to the third floor. The rooms for business, reception and coinage were on the first floor, the meeting rooms and cafeteria on the fourth floor, and the boiler room in the basement. It was built south of the head office of Geibi Bank (Now head office of Шаблон:Interlanguage link,) which had been built the year before and was almost the same size. It was designed in a general Romanesque architectural style, and was characterized by a large arch with molding on its front facade.

It was not totally destroyed in the bombing of August 6, 1945. While the interior was destroyed, the exterior remained. The coin room was not damaged, and the cash and passbooks remained. Papers inside the building were blown as far away as Шаблон:Ill by the blast.Шаблон:Efn

On the morning of the bombing, the bank was to be open as usual. Most of the employees were on their way to the office when the bomb was dropped. There were 29 employees killed immediately (including those in the branch and those on their way to work), 40 were injured and none missing. Some of the survivors died within a few days from radiation sickness, while others worked until retirement. Passersby took refuge in the building as it was close to ground zero, and a large number of bodies were recovered.

The branch reopened after the war, and the entrance soon became a famous landmark of the damage caused by the atomic bombing. It was officially recognized by Hiroshima City as an A-bomb site. In those days, the shadow was called "Human Shadow of Death". According to a testimony, it was the second most famous sight next to the Atomic Bomb Dome. Sumitomo Bank went to great lengths to preserve the shadow. In 1959 they built a fence surrounding the stone, and in 1967 they covered the stone with tempered glass to prevent deterioration.

In 1971, the Hiroshima Branch was planned to be rebuilt. The stone around the shadow was cut out and donated to the museum.

See also

• Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum
• Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

External links

• Damage by the Heat Rays/Human Shadow Etched in Stone Шаблон:Webarchive – Hiroshima City
• Is it true that human beings vanished in the bomb's heat? – Chugoku Shimbun