Английская Википедия:Huwen op Bevel

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox film Huwen op Bevel (also known as Terpaksa Menikah, both meaning Forced to Marry) is a 1931 romance film from the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Directed by G. Krugers and thought to have been produced by Tan's Film, it follows two young lovers who are nearly separated but can ultimately be together. A critical flop, it was Krugers's last as a director. It is likely lost.

Plot

A young Indonesian intellectual falls in love with a woman. Although she loves him, she is told to marry an older man, one who has gone on the hajj. Ultimately they are able to be together.Шаблон:Sfn

Production

Huwen op Bevel was directed by the Indo director G. Krugers and produced by Krugers in collaboration with Tan Khoen Yauw of Tan's Film. The Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran suggests that Krugers, whose last film Karnadi Anemer Bangkong (1930) was produced by his own Krugers Filmbedrijf in Bandung, had run out of funds during production and thus began working for Tan;Шаблон:Sfn he credits this to Karnadi Anemer BangkongШаблон:'s failure.Шаблон:Sfn Concurrently with his work on Huwen op Bevel, for which he also handled the cinematography, Krugers likely served as cameraman for Tan's talkie version of Njai Dasima, directed by Bachtiar Effendi.Шаблон:Sfn

The film's dialogue was in Malay.Шаблон:Sfn Songs were sung by the kroncong group Tembang Ketjapi.Шаблон:Sfn

Release and reception

Huwen op Bevel was released in 1931,Шаблон:Sfn although several sources list it as being from 1932.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It screened in Batavia (now Jakarta) in August,Шаблон:Sfn reaching Medan in late SeptemberШаблон:Sfn and Surabaya by mid-October.Шаблон:Sfn The film was advertised as having full sound, including music and singing. Later advertisements compared it with Tan's production, Njai Dasima.Шаблон:Sfn It was advertised as the first sound film in the Indies and referred to as such by some later writings.Шаблон:Sfn Biran, however, writes that Krugers's earlier film Karnadi Anemer Bangkong featured sound.Шаблон:Sfn

Huwen op Bevel received negative reviews. One in the Batavia-based Het Nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië found the film to lack contrast and have poor vocal synchronisation; the reviewer summarised that "turning the crank is not enough; a filmmaker must master the technique".Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn The film was a commercial failureШаблон:Sfn and proved Krugers's last film. He left the Indies in 1936 and moved to Hong Kong, where he died in 1937.Шаблон:Sfn

Huwen op Bevel is likely a lost film. The American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider writes that all Indonesian films made before 1950 are lost.Шаблон:Sfn However, JB Kristanto's Katalog Film Indonesia (Indonesian Film Catalogue) records several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia's archives, and Biran writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands Government Information Service.Шаблон:Sfn Some contemporary reviews gave Indonesian-language translations of the title, like Nika Terpaksa.Шаблон:Sfn More recent sources have given the translation Terpaksa Menikah.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Explanatory notes

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Footnotes

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Works cited

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