Английская Википедия:Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis

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Шаблон:Infobox medical condition (new) Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus occurring on the scrotum.[1]Шаблон:Rp However, the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood are normal.[2] Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis typically affects young males, with an onset between adolescence and early adulthood.[2] The scrotal calcinosis appears, without any symptoms, as yellowish nodules that range in size from 1 mm to several centimeters.[3]

Without known links to other lesions or systemic pre-conditions, scrotal calcinosis was considered idiopathic. It is not related to calcium phosphate imbalance or renal insufficiency.[4] By 2010, studies supported that epidermoid cysts are believed to be caused by dystrophic calcification. This process involves subclinical inflammation, rupture, calcification, and cyst wall obliteration.[5] 

Presentation

  • Single or multiple hard, marble-like nodules of varying size affecting scrotal skin.
  • Nodules vary in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters.
  • Usually start to appear in childhood or early adult life
  • Over time, nodules increase in number and size
  • Nodules may break down and discharge chalky material
  • Rarely, lesions may be polypoid
  • Usually asymptomatic

Etiology

The cause is not well defined.[3][6] Originally considered idiopathic condition. Now accepted that majority of cases develop from dystrophic calcification of cyst contents.

Diagnostic

  • Clinically Relevant Pathologic Features
  • Lesions slowly progress throughout life
    • They slowly increase in number and size
  • Nodules are mobile and do not attach to underlying structures

Pathologic Interpretation Pearls

  • Globular and granular purple deposits within dermis surrounded by giant cell granulomatous reaction
  • Sometimes remnants of cystic lesion can be identified
  • Very distinctive appearance with almost no histologic differential diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment may involve surgery,[7] which is currently the only recommended intervention.[3] Surgery should include the removal of even small nodules, to prevent the recurrence of the scrotal calcinosis.[3]

Prognosis

  • Benign condition
  • Slow progression throughout life
  • Lesions remain discrete and do not become confluent

Epidemiology

  • Incidence: uncommon
  • Age: children and young adults

History

Scrotal calcinosis was first described in 1883 by Lewinski.[3]

See also

References

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