Английская Википедия:Independent Liberals (Israel)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Infobox political party
The Independent Liberals (Шаблон:Lang-he, Libralim Atzma'im) were a political party in Israel that existed between 1965 and 1992.
History
The Independent Liberals party was formed during the fifth Knesset in the aftermath of the merger of the Liberal Party and Herut. Seven of the 17 Liberal Party MKs led by former Minister of Justice, Pinchas Rosen, disagreed with the merger and founded a new party in response. Almost all of the dissenters were former members of the Progressive Party, which had merged with the General Zionists to create the Liberal Party during the fourth Knesset, and also included Rachel Cohen-Kagan, formerly an MK for Women's International Zionist Organization.
The party agreed to have the Israeli participation in Liberal International shared equally with the Liberal Party.[1]
Its constituency was overwhelmingly of European origin.[2]
In their first electoral test, the 1965 legislative election, the Independent Liberals won 5 seats and joined Levi Eshkol and Golda Meir's coalition governments, with Moshe Kol appointed Minister of Tourism and Minister of Development. During the sixth Knesset they lost one seat when Yizhar Harari left the party to join the Alignment.
In the 1969 election the party won four seats and were again included in Meir's coalition government. Kol retained his post as Minister of Tourism. The party also won four seats in the 1973 election and were included in both of Meir and Yitzhak Rabin's coalition governments. Kol again retained his post as Minister of Tourism and Gideon Hausner was made a Minister without Portfolio. However, they lost one seat when Hillel Seidel defected to Likud.
The 1977 election saw the party win only one seat, barely crossing the 1% electoral threshold (they received 1.3% of the vote). The party was also excluded from Menachem Begin's right-wing coalition. The 1981 election saw the party fail to cross the electoral threshold and disappear from the Knesset. For the 1984 election the party ran as a faction of the Alignment, with Independent Liberals leader Yitzhak Artzi given 44th place on the Alignment electoral list.[3][4]
On 15 March 1988, near the end of the 11th Knesset, Artzi left the Alignment and joined the Shinui parliamentary group.[3][5][6] In the 1988 election, the Independent Liberals ran together with Shinui and the Liberal Center (a group of former Likud Liberals); the three groups indicated they would cooperate rather than formally merge, pending the 1988 campaign, at which a combined list under the Shinui–Center Movement banner was presented.[7][8][9][10] However, the list won only two seats and none were for Independent Liberal members.[11][12] The Independent Liberal party merged with the Israeli Labor Party in 1992.[11]
Leaders
| Leader | Took office | Left office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background: Шаблон:Party color; color: white" | | Файл:Pinchas Rosen.jpg | Pinchas Rosen | 1965 | 1968 |
| style="background: Шаблон:Party color; color: white" | | Файл:MOSHE KOL 1966.jpg | Moshe Kol | 1968 | 1977 |
| style="background: Шаблон:Party color; color: white" | | Файл:Gideon Hauzner, 1969. D710-090.jpg | Gideon Hausner | 1977 | 1981 |
| style="background: Шаблон:Party color; color: white" | | Yitzhak Artzi | 1981 | 1988 | |
| style="background: Шаблон:Party color; color: white" | | Файл:Israeli Author Zvi Nir.jpg | Zvi Nir | 1988 | 1992 |
Election results
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Position | Seats | +/– | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | Pinchas Rosen | 45,299 | 3.75 | Шаблон:Increase 6th | Шаблон:Composition bar | – | Шаблон:Yes2 |
| 1969 | Moshe Kol | 43,933 | 3.21 | Шаблон:Steady 5th | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 1 | Шаблон:Yes2 |
| 1973 | Moshe Kol | 56,560 | 3.61 | Шаблон:Steady 5th | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady | Шаблон:Yes2 |
| 1977 | Gideon Hausner | 20,384 | 1.17 | Шаблон:Decrease 13th | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 3 | Шаблон:No2 |
| 1981 | Yitzhak Artzi | 11,764 | 0.61 | Шаблон:Increase 12th | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 1 | Шаблон:No2 |
| 1984 | Yitzhak Artzi | Part of the Alignment | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Increase 1 | Шаблон:Yes2 | ||
| 1988 | Zvi Nir | Part of Centre-Shinui | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 1 | Шаблон:No2 | ||
References
External links
- Independent Liberals Knesset website
Шаблон:Israeli political parties
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокEJне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Mergers and Splits Among Parliamentary Groups
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news; [1]
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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