Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Selection for Secretary General of the United Nations}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name =2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection
| country = United Nations
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2006 United Nations Secretary-General selection
| previous_year = 2006
| election_date = Final straw poll: 5 October 2016
| next_election = 2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection
| next_year = 2021
| image1 = [[File:António Guterres meeting with Iranian Interior Minister 01.jpg|160x160px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[António Guterres]]'''
| 1blank = Country
| 1data1 = {{flag|Portugal}}
| title = Secretary General
| before_election = [[Ban Ki-Moon]]
| after_election = [[António Guterres]]
| 2blank = Votes to encourage
| 3blank = P5 votes to discourage
| 2data1 = '''{{Composition bar|13|15|hex=lightblue}}'''
| 3data1 = '''{{Composition bar|0|5|hex=red}}'''
| image2 = [[File:Irina_Bokova_UNESCO.jpg|160x160px]]
| nominee2 = [[Irina Bokova]]
| 1data2 = {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| 2data2 = {{Composition bar|7|15|hex=lightblue}}
| 3data2 = {{Composition bar|2|5|hex=red}}
| image3 = [[File:Vuk-Jeremic-cirsd-2014.jpg|160x160px]]
| nominee3 = [[Vuk Jeremić]]
| 1data3 = {{flag|Serbia}}
| 2data3 = {{Composition bar|7|15|hex=lightblue}}
| 3data3 = {{Composition bar|3|5|hex=red}}
| image4 = [[File:Miroslav_Lajcak_2014_(11981540724).jpg|160x160px]]
| nominee4 = [[Miroslav Lajčák]]
| 1data4 = {{flag|Slovakia}}
| 2data4 = {{Composition bar|7|15|hex=lightblue}}
| 3data4 = {{Composition bar|2|5|hex=red}}
| image5 = [[File:Helen Clark official photo (cropped).jpg|160x160px]]
| nominee5 = [[Helen Clark]]
| 1data5 = {{flag|New Zealand}}
| 2data5 = {{Composition bar|6|15|hex=lightblue}}
| 3data5 = {{Composition bar|3|5|hex=red}}
}}

A [[United Nations Secretary-General selection]] was held in October 2016 to choose the ninth [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|secretary-general]] of the [[United Nations]] to succeed [[Ban Ki-moon]] from 1 January 2017. Six [[straw poll]]s were held in the [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]] from 21 July 2016 to 5 October 2016. [[António Guterres]] of Portugal led the polling in every round, finishing the last round with 13 'encourage' votes, 0 'discourage' votes, and 2 abstentions.<ref name=wfuna_tweet/> On 6 October 2016, the Security Council unanimously recommended Guterres to the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]],<ref name=unsc_recommendation>{{Cite web | url=https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2311(2016) | title=United Nations Official Document }}</ref> which formally selected him by acclamation on 13 October 2016.<ref name=un_vote>{{Cite web | url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=55285#.WAHOPNUrJUQ | title=António Guterres appointed next UN Secretary-General by acclamation | date=13 October 2016 }}</ref>

The 2016 selection was much more open than previous selections, with public nominations being sought and candidates participating in televised debates. Women and Eastern Europeans were favoured, as no woman had ever served as secretary-general, and the [[Eastern European Group]] was the only one of the [[United Nations Regional Groups|UN Regional Groups]] never to have held the office.<ref name="Association of Foreign Affairs">{{cite web | url= http://utrikesperspektiv.se/?p=1867 | title= The most powerful diplomat of the world—Will an Eastern European Woman be the next UN Secretary General? | publisher= Association of Foreign Affairs | date= 12 April 2016 | access-date= 15 October 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170215143621/http://utrikesperspektiv.se/?p=1867 | archive-date= 15 February 2017 | url-status= dead }}</ref> However, the two campaigns offset each other, and the selection was won by the only candidate who was neither female nor from Eastern Europe.

== Background ==

{{See also|United Nations Secretary-General selection}}

Article 97 of the [[United Nations Charter]], states "The Secretary-General shall be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council". As a result, the selection is subject to the veto of any of the five permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]].<ref>{{cite book |first= Simon |last= Chesterman |contribution= Introduction |editor-first= Simon |editor-last= Chesterman |title= Secretary or General? The UN Secretary-General in World Politics |location= Cambridge |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2007 |page= 7}}</ref> The Charter's minimal language has since been supplemented by other procedural rules and accepted practices.<ref name="unelections">{{cite web|title=UN Secretary-General|url=http://www.unelections.org/?q=node/71|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119044945/http://www.unelections.org/?q=node%2F71|archive-date=19 November 2017|access-date=17 November 2014|publisher=Unelections.org|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Secretary-General [[Ban Ki-moon]] would be completing his second term on 31 December 2016, after which he would step down due to the informal two-term limit. Under the principle of regional rotation, candidates from Asia were ineligible to succeed Ban. The [[Eastern European Group]] was favored in the 2016 selection, as it was the only one of the [[United Nations Regional Groups]] never to have held the office of secretary-general, however tensions between Russia and the three Western European permanent members over the [[Russo-Ukrainian War|conflict in Ukraine]] raised the possibility of deadlock over an Eastern European nominee.<ref name="ibtimes20160520">{{cite news|last1=Cole|first1=Brendan|date=20 May 2016|title=Could the next UN secretary-general be a woman?|work=International Business Times UK|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/un-secretary-general-2016-open-race-could-propel-1st-woman-worlds-top-diplomatic-post-1560993}}</ref>  As a result, the 2016 selection was the most diverse since 1981. Candidates from three regional groups were considered for the position: the [[Eastern European Group]], the [[Western European and Others Group]], and the [[Latin American and Caribbean Group]].

No woman has ever been selected as secretary-general, and thus in December 2015, General Assembly President [[Mogens Lykketoft]] and Security Council President [[Samantha Power]] wrote a joint letter to all member states, encouraging them to nominate female candidates as well as men.<ref name="unelections" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://globalmemo.org/2015/12/15/joint-letter-officially-released/|title=Joint Letter Officially Released|author=Tony Fleming|date=15 December 2015|publisher=Global Memo via UNO|access-date=15 October 2016}} Online version: [https://www.un.org/pga/70/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/15-Dec-2015_Appointment-of-Secretary-General-15-December-2015.pdf]</ref> [[Equality Now]] launched a campaign to elect a female Secretary-General with the title "Time for a Woman: United Nations—it’s been over 70 years, elect a female Secretary-General".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://action.equalitynow.org/o/6208/p/dia/action3/common/public/?action_KEY=20135 |title=Time for a Woman: United Nations—it's been over 70 years, elect a female Secretary-General |publisher=Equality Now |access-date=15 October 2016 |archive-date=21 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021090740/http://action.equalitynow.org/o/6208/p/dia/action3/common/public/?action_KEY=20135 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Seven female candidates were nominated in 2016, more than in any previous selection.<ref>[https://www.devex.com/news/the-next-un-secretary-general-7-women-to-consider-87562 The next UN secretary-general: 7 women to consider], Devex, 5 January 2016.</ref>

==Reform==

Historically, the process of selecting a secretary-general has been so secretive that it has been compared to a [[papal conclave]].<ref name=
"nytimes19961211">{{cite news|last1=Sengupta|first1=Somini|title=Secrecy Reigns as U.N. Seeks a New Secretary General|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/22/world/americas/united-nations-secretary-general.html|work=The New York Times|date=21 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="ibtimes20160520"/> Diplomats advanced their own candidacies by lobbying members of the Security Council. Straw polls were taken by secret ballot in the [[United Nations Security Council#Consultation room|Security Council consultation room]], and the voting results were not revealed publicly. All reported information came in the form of [[News leak|leaks]].<ref name="Association of Foreign Affairs"/>

There has been criticism of the opacity of the process. Writing in Singapore's ''[[The Straits Times|Straits Times]]'', [[Simon Chesterman]] has argued that, for an organisation as important as the United Nations, "having its leader chosen by the lowest common denominator of what the [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|P5]] finds acceptable is not good enough".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/who-wants-to-rule-the-world|title=Who wants to rule the world?|last=Chesterman|first=Simon|journal=Straits Times|date=27 June 2015|access-date=7 August 2016}}.</ref> NGOs such as the [[1 for 7 Billion campaign]] and [[The Elders (organization)|The Elders]] also favored a more transparent process.

The Security Council and General Assembly took steps to make the selection process more transparent and open in 2016. [[Seventieth session of the United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] President [[Mogens Lykketoft]] and Security Council President [[Samantha Power]] sent out a joint letter soliciting candidates from member countries.<ref>[https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52831 "For first time in history, selection of next United Nations Secretary-General will include input from all Member States"], United Nations News Centre, 15 December 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter from Mogens Lykketoft and Samantha Power to all Permanent Representatives And Permanent Observers to the United Nations, 15 December 2015|url=https://www.un.org/pga/70/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/15-Dec-2015_Appointment-of-Secretary-General-15-December-2015.pdf|date=15 December 2015}}</ref> Candidates also participated in televised debates, where they answered questions about their goals.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53662#.WAIeIOV97cs | title= United Nations begins informal briefings to select next Secretary-General | publisher= UN News Center | date= 12 April 2016 | access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref>

When the Security Council met to conduct its first [[straw poll]], it voted in private, as it had done [[United Nations Secretary-General selection#Procedure|in all selections since 1981]]. The President of the General Assembly was officially informed that a straw poll had been taken, but the results of the poll were not disclosed. Lykketoft realized that "the outcome of this and future informal straw polls will not be communicated" and complained that it "does not live up to the expectations of the membership
and the new standard of openness and transparency".<ref>{{cite web|title=Letter from Mogens Lykketoft to All Permanent Representatives and Permanent Observers to the United Nations, 21 July 2016|url=https://www.un.org/pga/70/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/20-July_Security-Council-Straw-Polls-on-SG-candidates.pdf|date=21 July 2016}}</ref> All further straw polls were also taken in private.

==Candidates==
At the time of the final straw poll on 5 October 2016, there were ten candidates for the post. Portugal's former Prime Minister and former United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [[António Guterres]] led in all six straw polls. Deputy Speaker of the [[Croatian Parliament]] [[Vesna Pusić]] withdrew on 4 August after the first straw poll, in which she came in last position with 11 "discourage" votes, followed by the withdrawal of Montenegro's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro|Foreign Affairs Minister]] [[Igor Lukšić]] on 24 August and the withdrawal of [[Christiana Figueres]] on 12 September. [[Kristalina Georgieva]] entered the race on 28 September; although the Prime Minister of Bulgaria nominated [[Kristalina Georgieva]] as its new sole candidate for the secretary-general's position, the decision to withdraw from the race can only be done by the candidates; therefore, [[Irina Bokova]] decided to continue in the race, leaving Bulgaria with two candidates.<ref name="bul">{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/pga/71/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/2016/01/Next-Secretary-General-selection_nomination-of-new-candidate-of-Bulgaria.pdf|title=Next Secretary General selection: nomination of new candidate of Bulgaria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |author= Bokova, Irina |user= IrinaForUN |title= Grateful to you all who support me and fully committed to continue the race for #NextSG! @She4SG |url=https://twitter.com/IrinaForUN/status/781122846781308928 |number= 781122846781308928 |date= 28 September 2016 |access-date=30 September 2016}} |link = no }</ref>

===Official candidates===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="7"|Official candidates<ref name="un.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/pga/70/sg/ |title=Procedure of Selecting and Appointing the next UN Secretary-General |date=4 January 2016 |publisher=UN |access-date=15 February 2016}}</ref>
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
!class="unsortable"|Image
!Name
!Prior experience<!-- Relevant roles such as President/Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, International Organisation Head or high-appointed UN office -->
!Nominator
!Nominated
!Regional group
!Endorsements
|-
|[[File:Irina Bokova UNESCO.jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|Irina|Bokova}}
|Acting [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria]] {{small|(1996–1997)}}<br>Director-General of [[UNESCO]] {{small|(2009–2017)}}
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
(Support withdrawn<ref name="bul"/>)
|{{dts|11 February 2016}}
|[[Eastern European Group]] (EEG)
|
|-
|[[File:Helen Clark official photo (cropped).jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|Helen|Clark}}
|[[Prime Minister of New Zealand]] {{small|(1999–2008)}}<br>Administrator of the [[United Nations Development Programme]] {{small|(2009–2017)}}
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{dts|5 April 2016}}
|[[Western European and Others Group]] (WEOG)
|
|-
|[[File:Kristalina Georgieva (cropped).jpg|90px]]
|[[Kristalina Georgieva]]
|[[European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response]] {{small|(2010–2014)}}<br>[[European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget|European Commissioner for the Budget and Human Resources]] {{small|(2014–2016)}}
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|{{dts|28 September 2016}}
|[[Eastern European Group]] (EEG)
|
|-
|[[File:NataliaGherman̠Wien.jpg|90px]]
|{{nowrap|{{sortname|Natalia|Gherman}}}}
|[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Moldova|Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Moldova]] {{small|(2013–2016)}}<br>Acting [[Prime Minister of Moldova]] {{small|(2015)}}
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|{{dts|19 February 2016}}
|[[Eastern European Group]] (EEG)
|
|-
|[[File:António Guterres - 2019 (48132270313) (cropped).jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|António|Guterres}}
|[[Prime Minister of Portugal]] {{small|(1995–2002)}}<br>[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] {{small|(2005–2015)}}
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{dts|29 February 2016}}
|[[Western European and Others Group]] (WEOG)
|{{Flag|Cape Verde}}<ref>{{cite news |title=José Maria Neves supports candidature of António Guterres to UN Secretary General |url=http://www.oceanpress.info/cms/en/politics/36481-jose-maria-neves-supports-candidature-of-antonio-guterres-to-un-secretary-general |access-date=29 August 2016 |work=Ocean Press |date=24 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905134355/http://www.oceanpress.info/cms/en/politics/36481-jose-maria-neves-supports-candidature-of-antonio-guterres-to-un-secretary-general |archive-date=5 September 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cabo Verde apoia candidatura de António Guterres ao cargo de secretário-geral da ONU |url=http://www.abola.pt/africa/ver.aspx?id=617376 |access-date=29 August 2016 |trans-title=Cape Verde endorses António Guterres' for the position of UN Secretary-General |work=A Bola |date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914020802/http://www.abola.pt/africa/ver.aspx?id=617376 |archive-date=14 September 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br>{{Flag|Angola}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Angola apoia candidatura de Guterres a secretário-geral da ONU |url=https://expresso.sapo.pt/politica/2016-03-20-Angola-apoia-candidatura-de-Guterres-a-secretario-geral-da-ONU |access-date=18 July 2016 |trans-title=Angola endorses Guterres' candidacy for UN Secretary-General |work=Expresso |agency=Lusa |date=20 March 2016 |archive-date=12 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712084852/http://expresso.sapo.pt/politica/2016-03-20-Angola-apoia-candidatura-de-Guterres-a-secretario-geral-da-ONU |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>{{Flag|France|1974}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Martins |first1=António |last2=Escoto |first2=Pedro |title=França anunciou que vai apoiar Guterres na corrida a secretário-geral da ONU |url=http://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundo/franca-anunciou-que-vai-apoiar-guterres-na-corrida-a-secretario-geral-da-onu_v912319 |access-date=23 May 2016 |trans-title=France announced endorsement of Guterres in UN Secretary-General race |work=RTP Notícias |agency=RTP |date=18 April 2016}}</ref><br>{{Flag|East Timor}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Timor apoia candidatura de Guterres à ONU |url=https://expresso.sapo.pt/internacional/2016-04-21-Timor-apoia-candidatura-de-Guterres-a-ONU |access-date=23 May 2016 |trans-title=Timor endorses Guterres' candidacy for UN |work=Expresso |agency=Lusa |date=21 April 2016 |archive-date=24 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424092638/http://expresso.sapo.pt/internacional/2016-04-21-Timor-apoia-candidatura-de-Guterres-a-ONU |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>
|-
|[[File:Vuk-Jeremic-cirsd-2014.jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|Vuk|Jeremić}}
|[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Serbia)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Serbia]] {{small|(2007–2012)}}<br>[[President of the United Nations General Assembly]] {{small|(2012–2013)}}
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|{{dts|12 April 2016}}
|[[Eastern European Group]] (EEG)
|
|-
| 
|{{sortname|Srgjan|Kerim}}
|[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Macedonia)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Macedonia]] {{small|(2000–2001)}}<br>[[President of the United Nations General Assembly]] {{small|(2007–2008)}}
|{{flag|FYR Macedonia}}
|{{dts|30 December 2015}}
|[[Eastern European Group]] (EEG)
|
|-
|[[File:Miroslav Lajcak 2014 (11981540724).jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|Miroslav|Lajčák}}
|[[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]] {{small|(2007–2009)}} <br>[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Slovakia)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Slovakia]] {{small|(2009–2010; 2012–2020)}}
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|{{dts|25 May 2016}}
|[[Eastern European Group]] (EEG)
|
|-
|[[File:Susana Malcorra (cropped).jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|Susana|Malcorra}}
|[[Department of Field Support|Undersecretary General of the United Nations for Field Support]] {{small|(2008–2012)}}<br>[[Chef de Cabinet]] of the [[United Nations Secretariat]] {{small|(2012–2015)}}<br>[[List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Worship|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Argentina]] {{small|(2015–2017)}}
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|{{dts|23 May 2016}}
|[[Latin American and Caribbean Group]] (GRULAC)
|
|-
|[[File:Danilo Türk 2011.jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|Danilo|Türk}}
|Slovenian Ambassador to the United Nations {{small|(1991–2000)}}<br>Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations for Political Affairs {{small|(2000–2005)}}<br>[[President of Slovenia]] {{small|(2007–2012)}}
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|9 February 2016}}
|[[Eastern European Group]] (EEG)
|
|}

===Withdrawn candidates===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="7"|Withdrawn candidates
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
!class="unsortable"|Image
!Name
!Prior experience<!-- Relevant roles such as President/Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, International Organisation Head or high-appointed UN office -->
!Nominator
!Nominated
!Withdrawn
!Regional group
|-
|[[File:V pusic.jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|Vesna|Pusić}}
|[[Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia)|Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia]] {{small|(2011–2016)}}
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|{{dts|14 January 2016}}
|{{dts|4 August 2016}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/vesna-pusic-odustaje-od-kandidature-za-glavnu-tajnicu-ujedinjenih-naroda/4585721/|title=Vesna Pusić odustaje od kandidature za glavnu tajnicu Ujedinjenih naroda|date=4 August 2016}}</ref><ref>[https://www.un.org/pga/70/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Letter-from-Vesna-Pusic-on-SG-selection.pdf Withdrawal of candidature of Vesna Pusić, 4 August 2016]</ref>
|[[Eastern European Group]] (EEG)
|-
|[[File:Luksic portrait.jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|Igor|Lukšić}}
|[[Prime Minister of Montenegro]] {{small|(2010–2012)}}<br>[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro]] {{small|(2012–2016)}}
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{dts|15 January 2016}}
|{{dts|23 August 2016}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201608/160212-onu-carrera-sucesion-ban-ki-moon-montenegro-carrera-luksic-abandona.html|title=El montenegrino Igor Luksic abandonó la carrera para suceder a Ban Ki-moon}}</ref><ref>[https://www.un.org/pga/70/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SG-candidate-withdrawal-Montenegro.pdf Withdrawal of candidature of Igor Lukšić, 23 August 2016]</ref>
|[[Eastern European Group]] (EEG)
|-
|[[File:Christiana Figueres Bonn Climate Change Conference May 2012 crop.jpg|90px]]
|{{sortname|Christiana|Figueres}}
|Executive Secretary of the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] {{small|(2010–2016)}}
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|{{dts|7 July 2016}}
|{{dts|12 September 2016}}<ref>{{cite tweet |author= Figures, Christiana |user= CFiguere |url = https://twitter.com/CFigueres/status/775442707695173633 |number= 775442707695173633 |title=1/2 Deeply grateful for support received in so many ways, |date= 12 September 2016 |link = no }}</ref><ref>[https://www.un.org/pga/70/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Withdrawal-of-candidature-of-Christiana-Figuerres-13-September-2016.pdf Withdrawal of candidature of Christiana Figueres, 13 September 2016 ]</ref>
|[[Latin American and Caribbean Group]] (GRULAC)
|}

===Candidates who failed to be nominated===
In July 2016, it was revealed that former [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] Prime Minister of Australia [[Kevin Rudd]] asked the [[Government of Australia]] (then [[Second Turnbull Ministry|a government]] of the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]]/[[National Party of Australia|National]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]]) to nominate him for secretary-general in April 2016.<ref name="Rudd1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/kevin-rudd-seeks-australian-government-support-for-un-secretary-general-candidacy-20160717-gq7sfw.html|title=Julie Bishop confirms Kevin Rudd seeking nomination for UN Secretary-General election|last=Anderson|first=Stephanie|date=18 July 2016|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|access-date=18 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Rudd2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/kevin-rudd-seeks-australian-government-support-for-un-secretary-general-candidacy-20160717-gq7sfw.html|title=Nominate me: Kevin Rudd seeks government support to be United Nations boss|last=Hunter|first=Fergus|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=18 July 2016|access-date=18 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-29/rudd-releases-letters-to-turnbull-on-un-secretary-general-bid/7674038|title=Kevin Rudd releases letters claiming Malcolm Turnbull backed him for United Nations secretary-general job|work=ABC News|last1=Borrello|first1=Eliza|last2=Anderson|first2=Stephanie|date=29 July 2016|access-date=31 July 2016}}</ref> At its meeting on 28 July, the [[Cabinet of Australia|Cabinet]] was divided on his suitability for the role and, on that basis, Prime Minister [[Malcolm Turnbull]] decided to decline the request the next day; since nomination by the Australian government was considered a necessary prerequisite for candidacy, Turnbull's decision essentially ended Rudd's campaign;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/jul/29/malcolm-turnbull-kevin-rudd-un-secretary-general-nomination|title=Malcolm Turnbull refuses to nominate Kevin Rudd as UN secretary general|work=[[The Guardian]] |location= London|last=Murphy|first=Katharine|date=29 July 2016|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> Rudd later confirmed as much.<ref>{{cite tweet |author= Rudd, Kevin |user= MrKRudd |date= 29 July 2016 |number= 759000214174699521 |url=https://twitter.com/MrKRudd/status/759000214174699521 |title=My deep gratitude to all friends, colleagues and supporters around the world for your encouragement for my candidature for UN Sec General. |access-date=29 July 2016 |link = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author= Rudd, Kevin |user= MrKRudd |url=https://twitter.com/MrKRudd/status/759000796985823234 |number= 759000796985823234 |title=My thanks also to Australian Foreign Minister Bishop and her ministerial colleagues for their support for UNSG. Unfortunately PM disagreed.|date=29 July 2016|access-date=29 July 2016 |link = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author= Rudd, Kevin |user= MrKRudd |number= 759001552149368833 |url=https://twitter.com/MrKRudd/status/759001552149368833|title=So there won't be an Australian candidate for UN Sec Gen.I wish all other candidates well. Future of the United Nations important for us all|date=29 July 2016|access-date=29 July 2016 |link = no }}</ref>

==Security Council straw polls==

[[File:UN SG Graph evol of Straw Poll 05-Oct.png|alt=Graph showing the performance of each candidate across all straw polls|thumb|445x445px|Results of all straw polls per candidate]]

The [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]] held a series of six straw polls in the [[United Nations Security Council#Consultation room|consultation room]]. Security Council members were asked to indicate whether they "encouraged", "discouraged" or had "no opinion" regarding the candidates.<ref>{{cite web |title=Security Council to hold second straw poll of next UN chief on Aug. 5 |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]] |location=People's Republic of China |date=27 July 2016 |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/27/c_135542545.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728143731/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/27/c_135542545.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 July 2016 |access-date=27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lederer |first=Edith M. |title=Diplomats:Ex-Portuguese Minister Tops Poll for Next UN Chief |work=[[ABC News]] |location=United States |date=21 July 2016 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/hold-informal-poll-12-candidates-chief-40759267 |access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref> The initial five straw polls took place on 21 July, 5 August, 29 August, 9 September, and 26 September.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20160805-second-straw-poll-could-shake-race-un-chief|title=Second straw poll could shake up race for UN chief|last=Landry|first=Carole|date=5 August 2016|publisher=[[France 24]]|access-date=5 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806164209/http://www.france24.com/en/20160805-second-straw-poll-could-shake-race-un-chief|archive-date=6 August 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.novinite.com/articles/175884/UN+to+Hold+Next+Straw+Poll+for+Top+Job+on+August+29|title=UN to Hold Next Straw Poll for Top Job on August 29|date=13 August 2016|publisher=[[Novinite]]|access-date=14 August 2016}}</ref>

During the sixth straw poll, the five [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|permanent members]] voted on red-coloured ballots to reveal whether any of them intended to veto a candidate, while the rotating members voted on white ballots. Since [[António Guterres]] was the only candidate who received the necessary nine ''encouraged'' votes and had no ''discouraged'' votes from permanent members, Guterres was declared by the Security Council as the "clear favourite".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-37566898|title=Portugal's Antonio Guterres set to be UN secretary general|date=5 October 2016|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ United Nations Secretary-General selection straw poll results
! rowspan="2"  | Candidate
! colspan="3" | 21 July<ref>{{cite tweet |author= Orestes, Benjamin |user= boreskes |url = https://twitter.com/boreskes/status/756204158513012736  |number= 756204158513012736 |title=SOURCE: #NEXTSG straw poll: 1)Guterres 2) Turk 3) Bokova 4) Jeremic/Kerim 5)Clark 6)Lajčák 7)Malcorra 8)Figueres9)Gherman10)Luksic 11)Pusic |date=21 July 2016 |access-date=21 July 2016 |link = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.innercitypress.com/nextsg44nationalities072116.html |title=On Next SG Straw Poll, Results & Questions of Dual Nationalities, Exclusive |publisher=[[Inner City Press]] |last=Lee |first=Matthew Russell |date=21 July 2016 |access-date=22 July 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="3" | 5 August<ref>{{cite tweet |author= Abi Saab, Nabil |user= NabilAbiSaab |url=https://twitter.com/NabilAbiSaab/status/761608524656967681  |number =761608524656967681  |title=1/2 Results of 2nd round of voting on next #UNSG: (Yes, No, no opinion) Guterres 11,2,2 Jeremic 8,4,3 Malcorra 8,6,1 Turk 7,5,3 Clark 6,8,1 |date=5 August 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016 |link = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author= Abi Saab, Nabil |user= NabilAbiSaab |url=https://twitter.com/NabilAbiSaab/status/761608564397969408 |number=761608564397969408 |title=2/2 Figueres 5,8,2 Kerim 6, 7, 2 Luksic 2,9,4 Bokova 7,7,1 Gherman 3,10,2 Lajcak 2,6,7 |date=5 August 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016 |link = no }}</ref>
!colspan="3" | 29 August<ref>{{cite tweet |user= WFUNA |url=https://twitter.com/WFUNA/status/770360777165377536 |number= 770360777165377536 |title=As part of our commitment to Transparency and Accountability, here are full results of the 3rd #NextSG Straw Poll: |author=World Federation of United Nations Associations| date=29 August 2016 |access-date=29 August 2016 |link = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CrDdakSWYAAkrtx.jpg |title=Results of latest straw poll to select next #UNSG |publisher=[[South African Broadcasting Corporation|SABC News]] |last=Bryce-Pease |first=Sherwin |date=29 August 2016 |access-date=29 August 2016}}</ref>
!colspan="3" | 9 September<ref>{{cite tweet  |user= WFUNA |url=https://twitter.com/WFUNA/status/774269202328846336  |number = 774269202328846336 |title=As part of our continued push for #Transparency at the #UN Full #NextSG 4th Straw Poll Results:|author= World Federation of United Nations Associations |date=9 September 2016|access-date=9 September 2016 |link = no }}</ref><ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|url=http://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/rngs/UN-ELECTION/0100213T2QL/index.html|title=Who will lead the United Nations|work=[[Reuters]]|date=9 September 2016|access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref>
!colspan="3" | 26 September<ref name="Reuters"/><ref>{{cite tweet |user= WFUNA |url=https://twitter.com/WFUNA/status/780425312538652672 |number = 780425312538652672|title=WFUNA presents the results of 5th #NextSG Straw Poll.|author = World Federation of United Nations Associations |date=26 September 2016|access-date=26 September 2016 |link = no }}</ref>
!colspan="3" | 5 October<ref name=wfuna_tweet>{{cite tweet |user=WFUNA |number= 783703234485583872 |url= https://twitter.com/WFUNA/status/783703234485583872 |title=Full results of the sixth and final #NextSG strawpoll. Formal result tomorrow. (P5 voting intentions excluded)|author= World Federation of United Nations Associations|author-link= World Federation of United Nations Associations|date=5 October 2016|access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/world/americas/antonio-guterres-un-secretary-general-united-nations.html?_r=0|title=Security Council Backs António Guterres to Be Next U.N. Secretary General|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|last=Sengupta|first=Somini|date=5 October 2016|access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" | Final Vote<ref name="NYTimesOct62016"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-05/portugal-s-guterres-wins-unanimous-backing-to-lead-the-un|title=Portugal's Guterres Wins Unanimous Backing to Lead the UN|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|last=Foroohar|first=Kambiz|date=5 October 2016|access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
! <abbr title="Encouraged">E</abbr>
! <abbr title="Discouraged">D</abbr>
! <abbr title="No opinion">N</abbr>
! <abbr title="Encouraged">E</abbr>
! <abbr title="Discouraged">D</abbr>
! <abbr title="No opinion">N</abbr>
! <abbr title="Encouraged">E</abbr>
! <abbr title="Discouraged">D</abbr>
! <abbr title="No opinion">N</abbr>
! <abbr title="Encouraged">E</abbr>
! <abbr title="Discouraged">D</abbr>
! <abbr title="No opinion">N</abbr>
! <abbr title="Encouraged">E</abbr>
! <abbr title="Discouraged">D</abbr>
! <abbr title="No opinion">N</abbr>
! <abbr title="Encouraged">E</abbr>
! <abbr title="Discouraged">D</abbr>
! <abbr title="No opinion">N</abbr>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Irina Bokova]]
| 9 || 4 || 2 || 7 || 7 || 1 || 7 || 5 || 3 || 7 || 5 || 3 || 6 || 7 || 2 || style="background:#99ff99|7 (3P) || style="background:#ff9999"|7 (2P) || 1 || ''Withdrawn''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Helen Clark]]
| 8 || 5 || 2 || 6 || 8 || 1 || 6 || 8 || 1 || 6 || 7 || 2 || 6 || 9 || 0 || style="background:#99ff99" |6 (1P) || style="background:#ff9999" |8 (3P) || 1 (1P) || ''Withdrawn''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Costa Rica}} [[Christiana Figueres]]
| 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 8 || 2 || 2 || style="background:#ff9999" |12 || 1 || 5 || 10 || 0 || colspan="7" | ''Withdrawn''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/figueres-ends-un-secretary-general-bid/news-story/56113d72bcd12464f3474447d581aa11|title=Figueres ends UN Secretary General bid|date=13 September 2016|publisher=News.com.au|access-date=21 September 2016|archive-date=16 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916072008/http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/figueres-ends-un-secretary-general-bid/news-story/56113d72bcd12464f3474447d581aa11|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Kristalina Georgieva]]
| colspan="15"| ''Not yet nominated'' || style="background:#99ff99|5 (2P) || style="background:#ff9999"|8 (2P) || 2 (1P) || ''Withdrawn''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Natalia Gherman]]
| 4 || 4 || 7 || 3 || 10 || 2 || 2 || style="background:#ff9999"|12 || 1 || 3 || style="background:#ff9999"|11 || 1 || 3 || style="background:#ff9999"|11 || 1 || style="background:#99ff99|3 (1P) || style="background:#ff9999"|11 (3P) || 1 (1P) || ''Withdrawn''
|- style="border: 2px solid red"
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|POR}} [[António Guterres]]
| style="background:#99ff99" |12 || 0 || 3 || style="background:#99ff99" |11 || 2 || 2 || style="background:#99ff99" |11 || 3 || 1 || style="background:#99ff99" |12 || 2 || 1 || style="background:#99ff99" |12 || 2 || 1 || style="background:#99ff99" |13 (4P) || 0 || 2 (1P) || Acclaimed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|SER}} [[Vuk Jeremić]]
| 9 || 5 || 1 || 8 || 4 || 3 || 7 || 5 || 3 || 9 || 4 || 2 || 8 || 6 || 1 || style="background:#99ff99" |7 (2P) || style="background:#ff9999" |6 (3P) || 2 || ''Withdrawn''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|MKD}} [[Srgjan Kerim]]
| 9 || 5 || 1 || 6 || 7 || 2 || 6 || 7 || 2 || 8 || 7 || 0 || 6 || 9 || 0 || style="background:#99ff99|5 (2P) || style="background:#ff9999"|9 (3P) || 1 || ''Withdrawn''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Miroslav Lajčák]]
| 7 || 3 || 5 || 2 || 6 || 7 || 9 || 5 || 1 || 10 || 4 || 1 || 8 || 7 || 0 || style="background:#99ff99" |7 (2P) || style="background:#ff9999" |6 (2P) || 2 (1P) || ''Withdrawn''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|MNE}} [[Igor Lukšić]]
| 3 || 7 || 5 || 2 || 9 || 4 || colspan="13" | ''Withdrawn''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/c9490f94f3534e7a80e9dde3366b8fe8/montenegros-luksic-drops-out-race-be-next-un-chief|title=Montenegro's Luksic drops out of race to be next UN chief|date=23 August 2016|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=21 September 2016|archive-date=27 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927170527/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/c9490f94f3534e7a80e9dde3366b8fe8/montenegros-luksic-drops-out-race-be-next-un-chief|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Susana Malcorra]]
| 7 || 4 || 4 || 8 || 6 || 1 || 7 || 7 || 1 || 7 || 7 || 1 || 7 || 7 || 1 || style="background:#99ff99|5 (2P) || style="background:#ff9999"|7 (1P) || 3 (2P) || ''Withdrawn''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Vesna Pusić]]
| 2 || style="background:#ff9999"|11 || 2 || colspan="16"| ''Withdrawn''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.total-croatia-news.com/item/13428-vesna-pusic-withdraws-as-candidate-for-un-secretary-general|title=Vesna Pusić Withdraws as Candidate for UN Secretary General|date=4 August 2016|publisher=Total Croatia News}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|SLO}} [[Danilo Türk]]
| style="background:#99ff99" |11 || 2 || 2 || 7 || 5 || 3 || 5 || 6 || 4 || 7 || 6 || 2 || 7 || 7 || 1 || style="background:#99ff99" |5 (1P) || style="background:#ff9999" |8 (4P) || 2 || ''Withdrawn''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|style="background:#99ff99; width:1em"|
|Candidate received at least one '''"encouraged"''' from a veto-wielding P5 member
|-
|style="background:#ff9999; width:1em"|
|Candidate received at least one '''"discouraged"''' from a veto-wielding P5 member
|-
|}

==Official nomination and appointment==

On 6 October 2016, the Security Council voted by acclamation to recommend António Guterres in [[List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2301 to 2400|Security Council Resolution 2311]].<ref name=unsc_recommendation/><ref name="NYTimesOct62016">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/07/world/americas/antonio-guterres-united-nations-secretary-general.html|title=António Guterres Pledges to Help Vulnerable as Secretary General|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Sengupta|first1=Somini|last2=Minder|first2=Raphael|date=6 October 2016|access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> On 13 October 2016, the [[seventy-first session of the United Nations General Assembly]] ratified the Security Council's choice by acclamation, formally appointing Guterres as the next Secretary-General  for a five-year term beginning on 1 January 2017.<ref name=un_vote/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite magazine |first=Simon |last= Chesterman |author-link= Simon Chesterman |title= The Secretary-General We Deserve? |magazine= [[Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations]] |volume= 21 |issue= 4 |year= 2015 |pages= 505–513}}
{{refend}}
{{United Nations Secretary-General selections}}
{{United Nations}}
{{LN and UN Secretaries-General}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:United Nations Secretary-General selection, 2016}}
[[Category:2016 elections]]
[[Category:United Nations Secretary-General selection|2016]]
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[[Category:United Nations General Assembly elections]]
[[Category:2016 in the United Nations]]
[[Category:July 2016 events]]
[[Category:October 2016 events]]
[[Category:Helen Clark]]
[[Category:António Guterres]]
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