Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Amb (princely state)

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}{{Short description|Former princely state of the British Indian Empire and Pakistan}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| common_name            = Amb
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Amb
| native_name            = 
| subdivision            = [[Princely states of Pakistan|Princely state]]
| nation                 = Pakistan
| image_flag             = Flag of the State of Amb.svg
| image_map              = File:Amb map.png
| image_map_caption      = Capital of Amb state [Darband] in 1947, Most dominatial Head of State
| capital                = [[Darband, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Darband]] (now submerged under [[Tarbela Dam]])<br />[[Shergarh, Mansehra|Shergarh]] (summer residence)
| stat_year1             = 
| stat_area1             = 24985
| year_start             = 1507
| year_end               = 28 July 1969
| today                  = [[Pakistan]]<br>{{·}} [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
| footnotes              = 
| demonym                = 
| government_type        = Monarchy
| p1                     = Timurid Empire
| s1                     = West Pakistan
| era                    = since 1507-1969
| event1                 = [[Pakhli]] Sultanate   ([[Karluks]] Turks)
| date_event1            = 1507
| event2                 = [[Tanoli]]
| date_event2            = 1647
| event3                 = Submitted to [[Durrani Empire|Durrani]] Rule
| date_event3            = 1755

| flag_p1                = Timurid.svg
| flag_s1                = Flag_of_Pakistan.svg
| image_coat             = 
| motto                  = ""این خداست""  اقتدار اعلیٰ   ""نظام خدا دا*
| year_event1            = 
| coordinates            = {{WikidataCoord|display=title,inline}}
}}
{{Former administrative units of Pakistan}}
'''Amb''' ({{nq|امب}}) or the '''State of Amb''' was a [[princely state]] in the present day [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] region of Pakistan. Together with [[Phulra]], it was known as [[Jagir|Feudal Tanawal]] ruled by [[Tanoli]] tribe. A [[Ruling class|Royal Tenure]] start from [[Timurid Empire]] and end on Last [[Muhammad Farid Khan|Nawab Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli]].<ref name="Soldier Sahibs" /> Amb was only powerful state incorporated in Pakistan with armed civilized military of 12,000 men, 300 [[Howitzer]] with their own manufacturing arms factory, today part of the [[Pakistan Army]].<ref name="Soldier Sahibs">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6mLH_rImHYC&pg=PT96 |title=Soldier Sahibs: The Men Who Made the North-West Frontier |first=Charles |last=Allen |publisher=Hachette |year=2012 |page=9|isbn=9781848547209}}</ref><ref name="Syed Murad Ali 1975, pp.84">Syed Murad Ali,"Tarikh-e-Tanawaliyan"(Urdu), Pub. Lahore, 1975, pp.84</ref><ref name="Pub. Rawalpindi 2001, pp.244">Ghulam Nabi Khan"Alafghan Tanoli"(Urdu), Pub. Rawalpindi, 2001, pp.244</ref> Amb had a influence control roots in [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] , [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Chitral (princely state)|Chitral]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Syed Murad Ali 1975, pp.84" /><ref>History of Swat by Wali of Swat </ref> A gaining of powerful roots of Amb military start from [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] when [[East India Company]] provide military equipment to [[Mir Jehandad Khan|Jehandad Khan Tanoli]] to fight against Sikh , and then next [[British Empire]] in [[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Second anglo-Afghan War]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sir Albert James |first=Rikson |title=Indian people |publisher=Alaf Roos |year=1933 |isbn= |edition=1939 |location=London |pages=134 |language=en, hi}}</ref> At the end of December 1947, the Nawab of Amb state [[Instrument of accession|acceded]] to Pakistan while retaining internal self-government.<ref name=":1" /> Amb continued as a [[Princely states of Pakistan|princely state of Pakistan]] until 1969, when it was incorporated into the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)|North West Frontier Province]] (now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]). 

The state was named after the town of [[Amb, Pakistan|Amb]]. After the death of the last Nawab, [[Muhammad Farid Khan|Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli]], the fighting between the descendants of the state of Amb for power continued, which ended in 1971, when the [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani army]] ended or occupied the integration. In 1972, the recognition of their royal status was ended by the [[Government of Pakistan]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} In 1974, the [[Tarbela Dam]] completely destroyed the capital of Amb and the palaces of the '''Amb state.'''{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==List of Nawabs of Amb==
{|class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=15% | Titular Name
! width=15% | Personal Name
! width=8%  | Date of birth
! width=8%  | Nawab From
! width=8%  | Nawab
Until
! width=8%  | Date of death
|-
|
|'''Muhammad Anwar Khan Tanoli''' 
انور خان تنولی
|'''Anwar Khan Tanoli'''
|1688
|1710
|1730
|1730
|-
|
|'''Muhammad Bahadur Khan Tanoli'''
بہادر خان
|  '''Muhammad Bahadur Khan Tanoli'''
|23 June 1712
|1730-1740
|8 August 1755
|8 August 1755
|-
|[[File:This_image_was_the_ruler_of_Amb_State_In_18th_century_imaginery_photo.jpg|100px|center]]
| align="center"| '''Sultan Zaburdust Khan Tanoli'''<br>{{Nastaliq|صوبہ خان تنولی}}
| align="center"| '''[[Suba Khan Tanoli|Sultan Zaburdust Khan Tanoli]]'''
| align="center"| 1 May 1736
| align="center"| 8 August 1755
| align="center" colspan="2"| 2 November 1783
|-
| 
| align="center"| '''Haibat Khan Tanoli'''<br>{{Nastaliq|ہیبت خان}}
| align="center"| '''[[Mir Haibat Khan Tanoli|Haibat Khan Tanoli]]'''
| align="center"| 6 April 1740 
| align="center"| 1783
| align="center" colspan="2"| 12 December 1798
|-
|
| align="center"| '''Nawab Khan Tanoli'''<br>{{Nastaliq|نواب خان}}
| align="center"| '''[[Mir Nawab Khan Tanoli|Nawab Khan Tanoli]]'''
| align="center"|  12 April 1792
| align="center"|  1800-1810
| align="center" colspan="2"| 13 October 1818
|-
|
| align="center"| '''Painda Khan Tanoli'''<br>{{Nastaliq|پائنداخان}}
| align="center"|[[Mir Painda Khan|Painda Khan]]
| align="center"| 6 May 1805
| align="center"|  1818
| align="center"| 1819-1822 completely
Rule ended and hence again conquered and started in 1823
| align="center"|12 September 1844
|-
|[[File:The procession of Yusef Ali Khan.jpg|100px|center]]
| align="center" | '''Jehandad Khan Tanoli'''<br>{{Nastaliq|جہانداد خان}}
| align="center" | '''[[Mir Jehandad Khan|Jehandad Khan Tanoli]]'''
| align="center" | 6 February 1820 
| align="center" |  1844
| colspan="2" align="center" | 1868
|-
|[[File:This_image_was_the_ruler_of_Amb_State._Nawab_Akram_Khan.jpg|100px|center]]
| align="center"| '''Nawab Muhammad Akram Khan Tanoli'''
<br>{{Nastaliq|نواب محمد اکرم خان}}
| align="center"| '''[[Muhammad Akram Khan|Nawab Muhammad Akram Khan Tanoli]]'''
| align="center"| 1859
| align="center"|  1868
| align="center" colspan="2"| 1907
|-
|[[File:Nawab_Sir_Khan_Zaman_Khan_of_Amb..png|100px|center]]
| align="center"| '''Nawab Khan-e-Zaman Khan Tanoli'''
نواب خانِ زمان خان تنولی
خانخا<br>
| align="center"| '''[[Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan|Nawab Khan Zaman Khan Tanoli]]'''
| align="center"| 6 November 1880 
| align="center"| 1907
| align="center" colspan="2"| 12 September 1936
|-
|[[File:Darband 1948, Governer frontier and PM.jpg|100px|center]]

| align="center" | '''Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli'''<br>{{Nastaliq|فرید خان}}
| align="center" | '''[[Muhammad Farid Khan|Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli]]'''
| align="center" | 1 January 1904
| align="center" | 1936
| align="center" | 17 September 1947<br />(''Alliance with Pakistan but continued rule until 1969'')
| align="center" | 28 July 1969
(Rule end due to fighting between the Descendants of Amb State and Pakistan Army occupied integration)
|-
|
| align="center"| '''Nawab Salahuddin Khan Tanoli'''<br>{{Nastaliq|صلاح الدین خان}}
| align="center"| '''[[Nawabzada Salahuddin Saeed]]'''
| align="center"| 1958
| align="center"|  1969
| align="center" colspan="2"| Incumbent
|}

==Wealth and Military Status==


[[File:Syed_Jabbar_Shah.jpg|thumb|Right from Fourth [[Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia]] when he was the Governor of [[Mecca]] right from third [[Qatar]] Rulers somewhere or Left from Third [[Syed Abdul Jabbar Shah]] Prime Minister of '''Amb State''' Left from Second [[Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah]] Left from first [[Safiullah Khan Tanoli]] and Governor of [[Madina]] at Sethana Palace [[Darband, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Darband]] in 1923.]]

Amb was considered a powerful and important state during [[Durrani]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and [[British Raj]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} The total revenue of the state in 1901 was 36-42 lakhs when the price of 1 tola gold is 20 [[History of the rupee|British Rupee]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} In 1901, state's income was 6 lakhs and second part of its revenue was the collection of tax from other state's [[Nawab]]s and [[Maharaja]]hs, who used the routes of [[Hazara, Pakistan|Tanawal]] and [[Attock District|Attock]] for visiting other countries. This tax was also collected by [[Trade route|Traders]] and [[Merchant]]s who used that routes.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
In this way, Nawab of Amb fought many wars with British, [[Durrani]] and [[Sikh]] this is the main cause of war.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

== History ==

Amb state, once known as ''Mulk-e-Tanawal'' (country/area of Tanawal), was the home of the [[Tanoli]].<ref name="Syed Murad Ali 1975, pp.84"/><ref name="Pub. Rawalpindi 2001, pp.244"/> The region's early history dates back to the [[Mughal Empire]], when around year 1647, the [[Tanoli]] tribe conquered and settled by the Indus River, surrounded by wide area, which came to be known as [[Tanawalis|Tanawal]]. Before Tanawal, it was known as the [[Pakhli|Pakhli Sultanate]] ([[Karluks]] Turk), which ruled over [[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]], who came to [[Timur]] around 1380 to 1390. This was the only state of the [[Mughal Empire]] which did not pay tax to Delhi. The rule of the [[Karluks]] ended when the [[Swati (Pashtun tribe)|Swatis]] arrived. The last Karluks ruler was Sultan Mehmood Khurd, {{citation needed|date=February 2021}} accordingly the start of [[Tanoli|Tanoli's]] rule.<ref name=":0">Swati invasion [[iarchive:baburnamainengli01babuuoft/page/n13/mode/2up|vre]]</ref><ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_324.gif Pakhli. Imperial Gazette of India rule]</ref> The ancestry can be traced back to the [[Barlas|Barlas Turks]], who are the descendants of [[Timur]].<ref>Y-chromosome [https://www.familytreedna.com/public/The%20Emperor%20of%20India?iframe=yresults Genetic family Sub.division Tanoli] own history and DNA analysis ([[Indo-European languages|Indo-European family]]) classify</ref> When the Durrani tribe arrived in India, the [[Tanoli]] chieftain [[Suba Khan Tanoli]] accepted [[Durrani Empire|Durrani]] rule in 1755 and helped the empire during the [[Third Battle of Panipat]].<ref>Dr SB Panni 'Tareekh i Hazara' (Urdu:History of Hazara) pub Peshawar, 1969, pp. 340-341</ref>{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

In 1854, the British frontier officer General [[James Abbott (Indian Army officer)|James Abbott]] postulated that Aornos was located on the Mahaban range, south of modern [[Buner District]].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} In 1839, he proposed to recognise Embolina, as had [[Ranjit Singh]]'s mercenary General [[Claude Auguste Court]], as the village of Amb situated on the right bank of the Indus eight miles east of Mahaban.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} This became the location from which it is thought that the [[Nawab]]s of Amb took their title in later years.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Aurel|last1=Stein|author-link1=Aurel Stein|title=On Alexander's Track to the Indus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSpuAAAAMAAJ|year=1929|publisher=Asian Publications|page=125|isbn=9780405089954 }}</ref>
<gallery>
File:Field_Marshal_Sir_Claude_John_Eyre_Auchinleck%2C_Commander_in_Chief_of_India_reviewing_Tanoli_soldiers_from_Amb_State_Guard%2C_Darband%2C_1941.jpg|The army of Amb state get trained by [[Sir Claude John Eyre Auchinleck]].
File:Nawab Mohammad Khan Zaman Khan.jpg|Nawab [[Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan|Sir Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan Tanoli]], Nawab of Amb. At Darband, Amb State, 1923
File:1917 Darband, SIR GEORGE ROOSE KEPPEL, SAHIBAZADA SIR ABDUL QAYUM.jpg|This picture is from 1917, Darband. In this photo: Nawab [[Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan|Sir Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan Tanoli]] (seated second from left), [[Sir George Roos-Keppel]] (seated third from left), [[Sahibzada]] [[Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum|Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan]] (seated first from right). (Sitting ground centre) [[Nawabzada]] [[Muhammad Farid Khan|Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli]] (son and successor of Nawab Sir Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan of Amb)
File:Nawabzada Mohammad Ismail Khan Of Amb State.jpg|Standing, left to right: Doctor Masdar Ali (Physician of the Nawab of Amb), some servants of the Nawab of Amb) Sitting: Nawabzada Mohammad Ismail Khan Tanoli of Chanser and brother of Nawab Khan i Zaman Khan Tanoli
File:Islamia_College_Peshawar_(Public_Sector_University),_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa,_Pakistan_cropped.jpg|[[Islamia College University|Islamia college Peshawar]] Made by [[Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan|Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan Tanoli]].

File:Shergarh_Fort.jpg|Shergarh fort is the last standing fort of the Nawab of Amb.

</gallery>

== Descent and ruling dynasty ==
The Tanoli describe themselves as [[Pashtuns]]<ref name="Pub. Rawalpindi 2001, pp.244"/> from the [[Ghazni]] area, or as [[Barlas]] Turks.<ref name="Herald">{{cite magazine|title=[[Herald (Pakistan)|Herald]] |page=101 |quote=The Tanolis' own history classifies them conflictingly as either Pakhtuns from the vicinity of [[Ghazni]] or Turks of the Barlas sub-clan. |volume=37 |issue=4–6 |year=2006}}</ref> The Tanoli submitted to British colonial rule in the 1840s.<ref name="Soldier Sahibs" /><ref name="Syed Murad Ali 1975, pp.84"/><ref name="Pub. Rawalpindi 2001, pp.244"/>

[[File:Darband 1948, Governer frontier and PM.jpg|thumb|right|400px|In this picture seated (left to right): [[Sahibzada Mohammad Khurshid]] (first Pakistani Governor of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]] province of Pakistan), [[Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan]] (Liāqat Alī Khān) (Urdu: لیاقت علی خان) listen (help·info) (2 October 1896 – 16 October 1951) the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawab Sir [[Muhammad Farid Khan|Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli]] (Nawab of Amb) and [[Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan]] (wife of Liaquat Ali Khan. Darband, Amb State, 1949.]]

[[File: Nawabzada Mohammad Ismail Khan Of Amb State1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Nawabzada Mohammad Ismail Khan Tanoli, Son of Nawab Sir Mohammad Akram Khan Tanoli, at Delhi Durbaar, Delhi 1911.]]
[[File:Nawab Muahammad Saeed Khan.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Nawab Muhammad Saeed Khan Tanoli]]

=== [[Mir Nawab Khan Tanoli|Nawab Khan Tanoli]] ===
'''Mir''' '''Nawab Khan Tanoli''' was the ruler of The Tanawal valley and the [[Hazara, Pakistan|Chief of the Hazara region]] from circa 1810 until he died in 1818. During his rule, he faced many attacks from the [[Sikh Empire]] and [[Durrani Empire]], resulting in a significant loss of territory. He was 26 years old, when he was assassinated by [[Azim Khan]] on October 13, 1818 in the [[Stratagem of Peshawar (Jamrud Fort 1818)|Stratagem of Peshawar]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

The main reason for the war is that Mir Nawab Khan defied [[Durrani Empire|Durrani]] and the other main reason was that, when [[Azim Khan|Azim Khan's]] mother was traveling to [[Kashmir]] via [[Hazara, Pakistan|Tanwal]], Nawab Khan's soldier collected the taxes from her. [[Azim Khan]] then traveled through [[Hazara, Pakistan|Tanwal]] and then Nawab Khan's soldiers collected taxes through Azim Khan as well. After Azim Khan took the complaint to the Afghan court, the Afghan Ruler of that time immediately sent his army.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

Nawab Khan Tanoli's sons, [[Mir Painda Khan|Painda Khan]] and [[Maddad Khan Tanoli|Maddad Khan]] began the series of rebellion against the [[Sikhs]] and [[Durrani]], which continued throughout his lifetime.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

=== [[Painda Khan|Painda Khan Tanoli]] ===
From about 1813, [[Mir Painda Khan|Painda Khan Tanoli]] is famed for his staunch rebellion against Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]]'s governors of [[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]]. He was the son of [[Mir Nawab Khan Tanoli]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

From about 1813, Painda Khan Tanoli engaged in a lifelong rebellion against the [[Sikhs]], who, realizing the potential dangers of his rebellion, set up forts at strategic locations to keep him in check. [[Hari Singh Nalwa]] took this initiative during his governorship. To consolidate his hold on Tanawal and to unite the Tanoli people, Tanoli first had to contend with his major rivals within the tribe itself, that is, the chiefs of the Suba Khani/Pallal Khel section, whom he subdued after a bitter struggle.

Tanoli set the tone for regional resistance in Upper Hazara against Sikh rule. In 1828, he created and gifted the smaller neighbouring state of [[Phulra]] to his younger brother [[Maddad Khan Tanoli]].

Painda Khan briefly took over the valley of [[Agror]] in 1834. Agror was restored to Ata Muhammad Khan, the chief of that area, a descendant of Akhund Ahmed Sad-ud-din.<ref>Hazara Gazetteer</ref>{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

=== [[Mir Jehandad Khan|Jehandad Khan Tanoli]] ===
He was the son of Mir Painda Khan Tanoli. In 1852, Jehandad Khan Tanoli was summoned by the President of the Board of Administration about a murder enquiry of two British officers, supposedly on his lands.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} In fact, this was related to the murder of two British salt tax collectors by some tribesmen in the neighbouring [[Kala Dhaka]] or [[The Black Mountain tribes|Black Mountain]] area, which eventually led to the punitive [[First Black Mountain Expedition|First Black Mountain]] campaign/expedition of 1852.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} The Board of Administration President was [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|Sir John Lawrence]] (later the Lieutenant-Governor of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]]), and he visited [[Haripur, Pakistan|Haripur]], in Hazara, where he invited many Hazara chiefs to see him on various matters, at a general Durbar.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}<ref>See ''The Hazara District Gazetteer 1883-8'' (Lahore, 1884); and H. Lee, ''Brothers in the Raj: The Lives of John and Henry Lawrence'' (Karachi: Oxford UP, 2002)</ref> Jehandad Khan Tanoli succeeded in establishing his innocence and consolidated his position.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

Jahandad Khan Tanoli's relationship with [[British India]] is summed in the following lines in a letter dated 8 January 1859 from R. Temple, Secretary to the Punjab Chief Commissioner, addressed to the Punjab Financial Commissioner: "'5.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} The term "Jagir" has never appeared to me applicable in any sense to this [Jehandad Khan's] hereditary domain [Upper Tannowul], for it was never granted as such by the Sikhs or by our Government; we upheld the Khan as we found him in his position as a feudal lord and large proprietor.'

Jehandad's son, Nawab Bahadur Sir Muhammed Akram Khan Tanoli, was given the title of ''Nawab'' (Sovereign Ruler) in perpetuity by the British.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

=== [[Muhammad Akram Khan|Muhammad Akram Khan Tanoli]] ===
The next chief of the Tanoli, a son of Jahandad Khan Tanoli, was Akram Khan Tanoli [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] 68–1907). He was a popular chief. During his tenure, the fort at [[Shergarh, Punjab|Shergarh]] was built along with forts in Dogah and [[Shahkot, India|Shahkot]]. His rule was a peaceful time for Tanawal. He opposed construction of schools in the state, on advice given by British.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

=== [[Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan|Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan Tanoli]] ===
Khan Zaman Khan Tanoli succeeded his father, taking over the reins of power in Tanawal in Amb. He helped the British in carrying out the later Black Mountain (Kala Dhaka/Tor Ghar) expeditions.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

=== [[Muhammad Farid Khan|Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli]] ===
Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli had good relations with [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and [[Liaquat Ali Khan|Liaqat Ali Khan]]. His contributions to the Pakistan movement have been acknowledged by letters from Jinnah.<ref name=":1">Quaid-I-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers: First Series, Volume III: On the Threshold of Pakistan, 1–25 July 1947
By Mahomed Ali Jinnah, Z. H. Zaidi
Contributor Z. H. Zaidi (Oxford University Press, 1997, {{ISBN|978-969-8156-07-7}}, {{ISBN|978-969-8156-07-7}}, 1120 pages, digitized 29 August 2008)</ref><ref>Sana Haroon, ''Frontier of faith: Islam in the Indo-Afghan Borderland (Columbia University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-231-70013-9}}, {{ISBN|978-0-231-70013-9}}, 254 pages)''</ref> In 1947, he acceded his state to Pakistan by signing the [[Instrument of Accession]] in favour of Pakistan. In 1969, the state was incorporated into the North West Frontier Province (now [[Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]]) and in 1972, the Government of Pakistan ceased to recognise the royal status of the Nawab.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

=== Muhammad Saeed Khan Tanoli ===
Muhammad Saeed Khan Tanoli, son of Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli, the last nawab of Amb, studied at the [[Burn Hall School]] in [[Abbottabad]] (now the [[Army Burn Hall College]]) and the [[Gordon College (Pakistan)|Gordon College]] in [[Rawalpindi]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Sack, John |author-link=John Sack |year=1959 |title=[[Report from Practically Nowhere]] |page=199 |publisher=Curtis Publishing Company |location=New York }}</ref> Nawab Saeed Khan Tanoli ruled for a period of three years.

=== [[Salahuddin Saeed Khan|Salahuddin Saeed Khan Tanoli]] ===
Salahuddin Saeed Khan Tanoli is the present chief of Tanolis and the titular Nawab of Amb.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} He is the son of Nawab Muhammad Saeed Khan Tanoli. He holds the record as the youngest parliamentarian ever elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|Pakistan National Assembly]], and then went on to be elected five times to the Pakistan National Assembly (from 1985 to 1997), a feat achieved by only seven other Pakistani parliamentarians, including the former Pakistani prime minister, [[Nawaz Sharif]].<ref>Pakistan Election Commission – Unique Stats: http://www.ecp.gov.pk/content/uniquestats.html  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908063747/http://www.ecp.gov.pk/content/uniquestats.html |date=8 September 2008 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Tenure||Chiefs of Tanawal and later Rulers of Amb (Tanawal){{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
|-
|-
|1772–1803|| [[Mir Haibat Khan Tanoli|(Mir) Haibat Khan Tanoli]]
|-
|1803–1809|| (Mir) Hashim Ali Khan Tanoli (son of [[Mir Haibat Khan Tanoli]] and brother to [[Mir Nawab Khan Tanoli]], following)
|-
|1809–1818|| [[Mir Nawab Khan Tanoli|(Mir) Nawab Khan Tanoli]]
|-
|1818–1844||[[Mir Painda Khan|(Mir) Painda Khan Tanoli]] , [[Maddad Khan Tanoli]]
|-
|1844–1868|| Nawab [[Jahandad Khan|Jahandad Khan Tanoli]]{{snd}}'''Amb State founded in 1858 by British government recognition'''
|-
|1868–1907|| Nawab [[Muhammad Akram Khan|Muhammad Akram Khan Tanoli]]
|-
|1907–1936|| Nawab [[Khanizaman Khan|Khanizaman Khan Tanoli]]
|-
|1936–1969|| [[Muhammad Farid Khan|Nawab Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli]]{{snd}}'''Amb State ended and merged with NWFP Pakistan in 1971–72'''
|-
|1969–Incumbent|| [[Nawabzada Salahuddin Saeed]]
|}

== Amb State Postal Service and Passport==
Existing alongside [[British India]] were hundreds of princely states, some 565{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} in all, but most of them did not issue postage stamps. Only around forty of the states issued their own postage stamps, and Amb State was one of them, having its own postal service. The rest used the stamps of the [[India Post|All India Postal Service]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==Present geography==
The state consists of the following present day Union Councils of [[Mansehra]], [[Torghar District|Torghar]], and [[Haripur District|Haripur]] Districts:

The Mansehra and Torghar districts include [[Bandi Shungli]], [[Shergarh, Mansehra|Shergarh]], [[Karorri]], [[Nika Pani]], [[Darband, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Darband]], Dara Shanaya, [[Swan Miara]], [[Lassan Nawab]], [[Perhinna]], [[Phulrra]], Jhokan, and Palsala. The Haripur district includes [[Baitgali]], [[Nara Amaz|Nara AmaNara Amazz]], [[Kalinjar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Kalinjar]], and [[Beer, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Beer]].{{Dubious|date=January 2020}}

== Also read ==
* [[Politics of Pakistan]]
* [[British raj]]
* [[History of Pakistan]]
* [[List of Indian princely states]]
* [[Shergarh, Tanawal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Amb (princely state)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110225010611/http://khyberpakhtunkhwa.gov.pk/ Government of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]
* [http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/a/amb.html Genealogy of the ruling chiefs of Amb]

{{Princely states of Pakistan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amb (Princely State)}}
[[Category:History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Princely states of Pakistan]]
[[Category:1507 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1969 disestablishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1969]]
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