Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Anderlecht

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Municipality of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium}}
{{About|the town|the football club|R.S.C. Anderlecht}}
{{Expand French|date=August 2016|topic=geo}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox Belgium municipality
|name            = Anderlecht
|picture         = Town hall of Anderlecht (DSC 2233).jpg
|picture-legend  = [[Anderlecht Municipal Hall|Anderlecht's Municipal Hall]] seen from the {{lang|fr|Place du Conseil|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Raadsplein|italic=no}}
|map             = Anderlecht Brussels-Capital Belgium Map.svg
|map-legend      = Anderlecht municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region
|arms            = Blason Anderlecht.svg
|flag            = Flag of Anderlecht.svg
|flag_link       = Symbols of Brussels#Municipalities
|arms_link       = Symbols of Brussels#Municipalities
|region          = {{BE-REG-BRU}}
|community       = {{BE-FR}}<br />{{BE-NL}}
|province        =
|arrondissement  = [[Arrondissement of Brussels-Capital|Brussels-Capital]]
|nis             = 21001
|pyramid-date    = 01/01/2006
|0-19            = 25.78
|20-64           = 57.62
|65              = 16.61
|foreigners      = 23.26
|foreigners-date = 01/07/2005
|mayor           = [[Fabrice Cumps]] ([[Socialist Party (francophone Belgium)|PS]])
|majority        = [[Parti Socialiste (Belgium)|PS]] - [[Forward (Belgium)|sp.a]] - [[Humanist Democratic Centre|cdH]] - [[Ecolo]] - [[Groen (political party)|Groen]] - [[DéFI]]
|postal-codes    = 1070
|telephone-area  = 02
|web             = [http://www.anderlecht.be/fr anderlecht.be/fr] {{in lang|fr}}<br>[http://www.anderlecht.be/nl anderlecht.be/nl] {{in lang|nl}}
|coordinates     = {{coord|50|50|N|04|20|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Anderlecht''' ({{IPA-fr|ɑ̃dœʁlɛkt|lang}}, {{IPA-nl|ˈɑndərlɛxt|lang|Nl-Anderlecht.ogg}}) is one of the [[List of municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region|19 municipalities]] of the [[Brussels-Capital Region]], Belgium. Located in the south-western part of the region, it is bordered by the [[City of Brussels]], [[Forest, Belgium|Forest]], [[Molenbeek-Saint-Jean]], and [[Saint-Gilles, Belgium|Saint-Gilles]], as well as the [[Flanders|Flemish]] municipalities of [[Dilbeek]] and [[Sint-Pieters-Leeuw]]. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally [[Multilingualism|bilingual]] (French–Dutch).

There are several historically and architecturally distinct districts within Anderlecht. {{As of|2022|1|1}}, the municipality had a population of 122,547 inhabitants.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Anderlecht {{!}} IBSA|url=https://ibsa.brussels/chiffres/chiffres-cles-par-commune/anderlecht|access-date=2021-10-06|website=ibsa.brussels}}</ref> The total area is {{convert|17.91|km2|abbr=on}}, which gives a [[population density]] of {{convert|6842|PD/km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":1" /> Its upper area is greener and less densely populated.

==History==

===Origins and medieval times===
The first traces of human activity on the right bank of the [[Zenne|Senne]] date from the [[Stone Age]] and [[Bronze Age]]. The remnants of a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[villa]] and of a [[Franks|Frankish]] [[necropolis]] were also found on the territory of Anderlecht. The first mention of the name ''Anderlecht'', however, dates only from 1047 under the forms ''Anrelech'', then ''Andrelet'' (1111), ''Andreler'' (1148), and ''Anderlech'' (1186). At that time, this community was already home to a [[chapter (religion)|chapter]] of [[canon (priest)|canons]] and to two feudal [[Manorialism|manors]], those of the powerful [[lord]]s of Aa and of Anderlecht.

[[File:Anderlecht, Sint-Pieter-en-Sint-Guidokerk 01.jpg|left|thumb|upright|[[Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido]]]]

In 1356, the [[Count of Flanders]], [[Louis II, Count of Flanders|Louis II]], fought against [[Brussels]] on the territory of Anderlecht, in the so-called ''Battle of Scheut'', supposedly over a monetary matter. Although he defeated his sister-in-law, the [[Duke of Brabant|Duchess of Brabant]], [[Joanna, Duchess of Brabant|Joanna]], and briefly took her title, she regained it the following year with the help of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]]. In 1393, Joanna's [[charter]] made Anderlecht a part of Brussels. It is also around this time that the [[Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido|church]] of [[Guy of Anderlecht|Saint Guy]] was rebuilt in [[Brabantine Gothic]] style above an earlier [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] [[crypt]].

===15th–18th centuries===
The village of Anderlecht became a beacon of culture in the 15th and 16th centuries. In 1521, the Dutch [[Humanism|humanist]] writer and [[Theology|theologian]] [[Erasmus|Erasmus of Rotterdam]] lived in the [[Erasmus House|canons' house]] for a few months. [[Charles, Duke of Aumale]] and [[Grand Veneur of France]] also had a residence there.

The 17th and 18th centuries were marked by the wars between the [[Low Countries]] and France. During the [[Nine Years' War]], it is from the high ground of [[Scheut]], in the northern part of Anderlecht, that the [[bombardment of Brussels]] of 1695 took place. Together with the resulting fire, it was the most destructive event in the entire history of Brussels. On 13 November 1792, right after the [[Battle of Jemappes]], [[Charles François Dumouriez|General Dumouriez]] and the [[French Revolution]]ary army routed the [[Austria]]ns there once again. Among the consequences were the disbanding of the canons and Anderlecht being proclaimed an independent municipality by the French.

[[File:KartuisScheut.png|thumb|The Carthusian Monastery depicted in ''Chorographia Sacra Brabantiae'' (1727). On the horizon are Anderlecht and [[Scheut]].]]

By the end of the 18th century, Anderlecht including its dependencies, which extended to [[Fortifications of Brussels|Brussels' city walls]], counted around 2,000 inhabitants. In Scheut, on the site of the Carthusian Monastery, stood a chapel called Our Lady of Scheut, whose pleasant location, in the middle of a grove, made this place very popular at the time.

===19th century and later===
The 19th century saw a remarkable population growth, mainly because of the proximity to a rapidly expanding Brussels. The {{lang|fr|Chaussée de Ninove|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Ninoofsesteenweg|italic=no}} was laid out in 1828, through the former property of the Carthusians. The population multiplied by ten between 1830 and 1890 and doubled again between 1890 and 1910. Along the {{lang|fr|Chaussée de Mons|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Bergensesteenweg|italic=no}} and the [[Brussels–Charleroi Canal]], a series of industrial and [[working-class]] districts connected the centre of Anderlecht to Cureghem.

Remarkable new urban developments and [[Garden city movement|garden cities]] such as [[Het Rad|La Roue/Het Rad]], Moortebeek and {{lang|fr|Bon Air|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Goede Lucht|italic=no}} were built at the beginning of the 20th century to house the influx of newcomers. Following [[World War II]], some remaining green parts of the municipality also made way for large-scale [[urban renewal]] following the modernist [[Athens Charter]] and [[Park system]], such as the housing projects Scherdemael, Peterbos and Marius Renard in the upper town, and Aurore near the canal.

Nowadays, the name ''Anderlecht'' rings a bell in every Belgian ear thanks to its very successful [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|football club]].

==Geography==

===Location===
[[File:Anderlecht Brussels-Capital Belgium Map.svg|thumb|right|Location of Anderlecht within Brussels]]

Anderlecht is located in the north-central part of Belgium, about {{convert|110|km}} from the Belgian coast and about {{convert|180|km|abbr=on}} from Belgium's southern tip. It is located in the heartland of the Brabantian Plateau, about {{convert|45|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Antwerp]] ([[Flanders]]), and {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Charleroi]] ([[Wallonia]]). It is the westernmost municipality in the [[Brussels-Capital Region]] and is an important crossing point for the [[Brussels–Charleroi Canal]], which cuts the municipality in two from the west. With an area of {{convert|17.91|km2|abbr=on}}, it is also the third largest municipality in the region after the [[City of Brussels]] and [[Uccle]]. It is bordered by the City of Brussels, [[Forest, Belgium|Forest]], [[Molenbeek-Saint-Jean]], and [[Saint-Gilles, Belgium|Saint-Gilles]], as well as the Flemish municipalities of [[Dilbeek]] and [[Sint-Pieters-Leeuw]].

===Climate===
Anderlecht, in common with the rest of Brussels, experiences an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'') with warm summers and cool winters.<ref name="Brussels,+Brussels+Capital,+Belgium&units=|title=Brussels, Belgium Climate Classification Köppen (Weatherbase)">{{cite web |title=Brussels, Belgium Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=15460&cityname=Brussels,+Brussels+Capital,+Belgium&units= |access-date=2019-07-02 |website=Weatherbase}}</ref> Proximity to coastal areas influences the area's climate by sending marine air masses from the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Nearby wetlands also ensure a maritime temperate climate. On average (based on measurements in the period 1981–2010), there are approximately 135 days of rain per year in the region. Snowfall is infrequent, averaging 24 days per year. It also often experiences violent thunderstorms in summer months.

The [[Royal Meteorological Institute|Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium]] (IRM/KMI) is located in [[Uccle]], in the south of Brussels. The meteorological records which are carried out there are similar to those which could be carried out in Anderlecht.

{{Weather box|location = Brussels-Capital Region (1981–2010) 
|width=
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 5.9
|Feb high C = 6.8
|Mar high C = 10.5
|Apr high C = 14.2
|May high C = 18.3
|Jun high C = 20.9
|Jul high C = 23.3
|Aug high C = 23.0
|Sep high C = 19.5
|Oct high C = 15.1
|Nov high C = 9.8
|Dec high C = 6.3
|year high C = 14.5
|Jan mean C = 3.2
|Feb mean C = 3.5
|Mar mean C = 6.5
|Apr mean C = 9.5
|May mean C = 13.5
|Jun mean C = 16.1
|Jul mean C = 18.4
|Aug mean C = 18.0
|Sep mean C = 14.9
|Oct mean C = 11.1
|Nov mean C = 6.8
|Dec mean C = 3.8
|year mean C = 10.4
|Jan low C = 0.7
|Feb low C = 0.6
|Mar low C = 2.9
|Apr low C = 4.9
|May low C = 8.7
|Jun low C = 11.5
|Jul low C = 13.6
|Aug low C = 13.0
|Sep low C = 10.5
|Oct low C = 7.5
|Nov low C = 4.5
|Dec low C = 1.5
|year low C = 6.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 75.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 61.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 69.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 51.0
|May precipitation mm = 65.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 72.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 73.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 76.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 69.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 75.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 77.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 81.4
|year precipitation mm = 848.0
|Jan precipitation days = 12.8
|Feb precipitation days = 11.1
|Mar precipitation days = 12.7
|Apr precipitation days = 9.9
|May precipitation days = 11.3
|Jun precipitation days = 10.5
|Jul precipitation days = 10.1
|Aug precipitation days = 10.1
|Sep precipitation days = 10.4
|Oct precipitation days = 11.2
|Nov precipitation days = 12.6
|Dec precipitation days = 13.0
|year precipitation days = 135.6
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Jan sun= 58
|Feb sun= 75
|Mar sun= 119
|Apr sun= 168
|May sun= 199
|Jun sun= 193
|Jul sun= 205
|Aug sun= 194
|Sep sun= 143
|Oct sun= 117
|Nov sun= 65
|Dec sun= 47
|year sun= 1583
|source = KMI/IRM<ref name="weathermeteo">{{Cite web |title=Klimaatstatistieken van de Belgische gemeenten, Brussel |url=https://www.meteo.be/resources/climatology/climateCity/pdf/climate_INS21004_nl.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302225635/https://www.meteo.be/resources/climatology/climateCity/pdf/climate_INS21004_nl.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=KMI/IRM }}</ref>
|date=June 2012
}}

==Districts==
[[File: Anderlecht OSM.png|thumb|right|Map of Anderlecht]]

The territory of Anderlecht is very heterogeneous and is characterised by a mixture of larger districts including smaller residential and (formerly) industrial neighbourhoods. The area along the canal is currently experiencing a large revitalisation programme, as part of the {{lang|fr|Plan Canal}} of the [[Brussels|Brussels-Capital Region]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://canal.brussels/en|title=Plan canal: des ambitions, une méthode, une équipe {{!}} Canal.brussels|website=canal.brussels|language=en|access-date=2017-04-28}}</ref>

===Historical centre===
[[File:Anderlecht, Dapperheidsplein.jpg|thumb|The [[Place de la Vaillance|Place de la Vaillance / Dapperheidsplein]] with the [[Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido|Church of St. Guido]] in the background]]

The historical centre of Anderlecht is the municipality's central district. Formerly known as ''Rinck'', it is divided into several sectors: 
* The {{lang|fr|Saint-Guidon|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Sint Guido|italic=no}} district, also called the {{lang|fr|Vaillance|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Dapperheid|italic=no}} district, is the meeting point for those who hail to the heart of Anderlecht. It is also where the [[Place de la Vaillance|Place de la Vaillance/Dapperheidsplein]] (Anderlecht's central square), the [[Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido|Church of St. Guido]], the {{lang|fr|Place de Linde|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|De Lindeplein|italic=no}}, as well as Anderlecht's main schools are located. The {{lang|fr|Rue Wayez|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Wayezstraat|italic=no}} is the municipality's main shopping street. It is centred on the {{lang|fr|Place of the Resistance|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Verzetsplein|italic=no}} and some neighbouring streets. 
* The smaller Aumale district in its northern part mainly comprises the {{lang|fr|Rue d'Aumale|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Aumalestraat|italic=no}} and its surrounding streets. It includes the [[Erasmus House]] (a museum devoted to the Dutch [[Humanism|humanist]] writer and [[Theology|theologian]] [[Erasmus|Erasmus of Rotterdam]]), the old [[beguinage]] (a [[Late Middle Ages|late medieval]] lay [[convent]], now a museum dedicated to religious community life), as well as the ''Bibliothèque de l'Espace Maurice Carême'' French-language public library.

===Cureghem/Kuregem===
{{Main|Cureghem}}

Located in the east of Anderlecht,<ref name="cureghem">{{Cite web |title=Quartier de Cureghem {{!}} Anderlecht |url=https://www.anderlecht.be/fr/quartier-de-cureghem |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=www.anderlecht.be}}</ref> [[Cureghem|Cureghem/Kuregem]] is one of the municipality's largest and most populated districts. It developed during the [[Industrial Revolution]] along the [[Brussels–Charleroi Canal]] and is currently in a fragile social and economic situation due to the decline of its economy and the poor quality of some of its housing. Between 1836 and 1991, the district housed the [[Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège|Royal School of Veterinary Medicine]], now moved to [[Liège]] but often still referred to as ''Cureghem''.<ref name="vet">{{Cite web|date=23 September 1993|title=L'incroyable déménagement de l'école vétérinaire de Cureghem à Liège - Comment effacer 150 ans d'histoire...|trans-title=The incredible move of the veterinary school from Cureghem to Liège - How to erase 150 years of history?|url=https://www.lesoir.be/art/l-incroyable-demenagement-de-l-ecole-veterinaire-de-cur_t-19930923-Z078LG.html|access-date=25 August 2023|website=[[Le Soir]]|language=fr}}</ref> The old campus, listed as [[Heritage registers in Belgium|protected heritage]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecole vétérinaire de Cureghem – Inventaire du Patrimoine Naturel |url=https://sites.heritage.brussels/fr/sites/69 |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=sites.heritage.brussels |language=fr}}</ref> is currently undergoing a large rehabilitation process.<ref name="cureghem" />

Three listed buildings—the former Atlas Brewery,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancienne brasserie ATLAS – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural |url=https://monument.heritage.brussels/fr/Anderlecht/Rue_du_Libre_Examen/15/36334 |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=monument.heritage.brussels |language=fr}}</ref> the old power station, and the former Moulart Mill<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancienne Meunerie Moulart, aujourd’hui centre d’entreprises COOP – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural |url=https://monument.heritage.brussels/fr/Anderlecht/Quai_Fernand_Demets/23/37327 |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=monument.heritage.brussels |language=fr}}</ref>—are testaments to the old industrial activities next to the waterway. The [[Anderlecht Municipal Hall|Municipal Hall of Anderlecht]] is located on the {{lang|fr|Place du Conseil|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Raadsplein|italic=no}}, at the heart of this district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hôtel communal d'Anderlecht – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural |url=https://monument.heritage.brussels/fr/buildings/35003 |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=monument.heritage.brussels |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="cureghem" /> In its lower part, bordering the City of Brussels, are the [[Square de l'Aviation|Square de l'Aviation/Luchtvaartsquare]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Square de l'Aviation – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural |url=https://monument.heritage.brussels/fr/streets/10700031 |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=monument.heritage.brussels |language=fr}}</ref> and the {{lang|fr|Parc de la Rosée|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Dauwpark|italic=no}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parc de la Rosée |url=https://gardens.brussels/fr/espaces-verts/parc-de-la-rosee |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=Brussels Gardens |language=fr}}</ref>

===La Roue/Het Rad===
{{Main|La Roue, Brussels}}
[[File:Paroisse Saint-Joseph de La Roue.jpg|thumb|Church of St. Joseph in [[La Roue, Brussels|La Roue/Het Rad]]]]

Located in the south of Anderlecht, [[La Roue, Brussels|La Roue/Het Rad]] ("The Wheel") is one of the municipality's largest districts and one of Brussels' main [[Garden city movement|garden cities]]. Built in the 1920s, with its modest and picturesque houses, it offers a great vision of an early 20th-century [[working class]] neighbourhood. It is also home to one of the largest agribusiness industry campuses in Belgium: the Food and Chemical Industries Education and Research Center (CERIA/COOVI),<ref name="CERIA">{{Cite web|title=CERIA {{!}} Anderlecht|url=https://www.anderlecht.be/qr/992-ceria|access-date=2021-04-04|website=www.anderlecht.be}}</ref> as well as popular department stores.

===Scheut===
{{Main|Scheut}}

Located in the north of Anderlecht, [[Scheut]] is bounded by the border with the municipality of [[Molenbeek-Saint-Jean]] to the north, the historical centre of Anderlecht to the south, the Birmingham district to the east, the Scheutveld district to the west and the semi-natural site of the Scheutbos to the north-west.

It is in this district, on the {{lang|fr|Chaussée de Ninove|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Ninoofsesteenweg|italic=no}}, that lay the foundations of the Scheutveld College, on 28 April 1863, by the [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|Catholic priest]] [[Theophile Verbist]]. The [[CICM Missionaries|congregation of Scheut Missionaries]] went on to [[Evangelism|evangelise]] [[China]], [[Mongolia]], the [[Philippines]], as well as the [[Congo Free State]]/[[Belgian Congo]] (modern-day [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]).{{sfn|Verhelst|Pycke|1995}}{{sfn|Vanysacker|Renson|1995|p=36–37}}

==Main sights==
Anderlecht has a rich cultural and architectural heritage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anderlecht – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural|url=https://monument.heritage.brussels/fr/cities/1070|access-date=2021-10-06|website=monument.heritage.brussels|language=fr}}</ref> Some of the main points of interest include:
* The [[Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido]] is located in the municipality's historical centre, on the northern side of the [[Place de la Vaillance|Place de la Vaillance/Dapperheidsplein]], its main square. It contains the grave of the 11th-century [[Guy of Anderlecht|Saint Guy]]. Its [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] [[crypt]] dates from the 10th century and is one of the oldest in Belgium. Most of the church, however, dates from 1350 and later, with most of the currently visible architecture representing the [[Ogee]] style (15th–16th centuries). Construction of the tower started in 1517 but ceased with the square part up to the balcony, and was not completed until 1898.<ref name="DeSeyn">Eug. De Seyn, "Geschied- en aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Belgische gemeenten" (''Historic and Geographic Dictionary of Belgian communes''), A. Bieleveld, Brussels 1933-1934.</ref>
* The [[Erasmus House]], built between 1460 and 1515, with its [[medicinal plants|medicinal]] and philosophical gardens, can be visited nearby. Right next to the church, the old [[beguinage]] is home to a local history museum. Both institutions are now managed jointly as the Erasmus House and Beguinage Museums.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Erasmus House|url=https://erasmushouse.museum/en/|access-date=2021-12-24|website=Erasmus House|language=en-US}}</ref>
* The [[National Museum of the Resistance]], which traces the history of the [[Belgian Resistance]] and [[German occupation of Belgium during World War II]].
* The Museum of China – Scheut, which houses documents and pieces brought back to Europe by the [[CICM Missionaries|congregation of Scheut Missionaries]], including a 15th-century bronze [[Buddha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brusselsmuseums.be/en/museums/museum-of-china-scheut|title=Museum of China - Scheut|last=Fun|first=Everything is|date=2017-03-10|website=Brussels Museums|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
* The [[Maurice Carême]] Museum, in the {{lang|fr|Maison blanche}} where the Belgian poet lived and wrote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mauricecareme.be/musee.php|title=Musée Maurice Carême|website=www.mauricecareme.be|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
* The ''Luizenmolen'' in Neerpede, a replica of an old [[windmill]] which once stood on the site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.skynet.be/luizenmolen/|title=Luizenmolen Anderlecht|website=users.skynet.be|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
* The ''Cureghem Cellars'' (French: {{lang|fr|Caves de Cureghem}}, Dutch: {{lang|nl|Kelders van Kuregem}}), a subterranean complex of handmade brick caves with Romanesque vaults, pillars, and arches, originally the site of a cattle market covered by a forged-iron roof construction in the 1890s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abattoir.be/en/file/296|title=Kelders van Cureghem/Les Caves de Cureghem/The Cureghem Cellars|access-date=2019-12-14|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214155206/https://www.abattoir.be/en/file/296|url-status=dead}}</ref> The cellars were simply a foundation for the upper structure until the 1930s, after which the city council decided to make better use of them. It proved more profitable to grow mushrooms in the dark and damp underground spaces for local consumption. It fell into disuse as a cattle market but, in 1984, the hall officially got listed as a Belgian monument. Due to its characteristic architecture and unique layout it was refurbished and transformed by a private company, Abattoir SA. Since 1992, it serves as an attractive and functional event site for various private, corporate or public occasions and events. One of these was the anatomic exposition ''[[Body Worlds]]'' ({{lang-de|Körperwelten|link=no}}) by [[Gunther Von Hagens]], which ran in the cellars between 2008 and 2009 and attracted over 500,000 visitors.
* The [[Cantillon Brewery]], a [[gueuze]] museum established in an actual working brewery.
* The Museum of Medicine, located on the ''Erasme''/''Erasmus'' campus of the [[Université libre de Bruxelles]] (ULB).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brusselsmuseums.be/en/museums/ulb-museum-of-medicine|title=ULB - Museum of Medicine|last=Fun|first=Everything is|date=2017-03-10|website=Brussels Museums|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
* The [[Jean-Claude Van Damme]] statue located on the {{lang|fr|Boulevard Sylvain Dupuis|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Sylvain Dupuislaan|italic=no}}, near the Westland Shopping Center.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180">
File:Maison d'Érasme.jpg|[[Erasmus House]]
File:AnderlechtBegijnhof.jpg|[[Beguinage]] of Anderlecht
File:Cité de Moortebeek 04.JPG|Moortebeek [[Garden city movement|garden city]]
File:Anderlecht2019 21.jpg|{{lang|fr|Rue Porselein|italic=no}} / {{lang|nl|Porseleinstraat|italic=no}}
File:Anderlecht Justice de Paix 2014.JPG|{{lang|fr|Justice de Paix}} of Anderlecht
</gallery>

==Demographics==

===Historical population===
Historically, the population of Anderlecht was quite low. The municipality counted around 2,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the 19th century. However, following the [[Industrial Revolution]], the population underwent a remarkable growth, peaking at 103,796 in 1970. From then, it began to decrease slightly to a low of 87,812 in 2000, before increasing again rapidly in recent years.

{{As of|2020|1|1}}, the population was 120,887.<ref name=":1" /> The area is {{cvt|17.91|km2|sqmi}}, making the density {{convert|6749|PD/km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":1" />

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 bar:1880 text:1880
 bar:1890 text:1890
 bar:1900 text:1900
 bar:1910 text:1910
 bar:1920 text:1920
 bar:1930 text:1930
 bar:1947 text:1947
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 bar:1970 text:1970
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 bar:2010 text:2010
 bar:2018 text:2018
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 bar:1806 from:0 till: 2028
 bar:1816 from:0 till: 2323
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 bar:1846 from:0 till: 5966
 bar:1856 from:0 till: 7465
 bar:1866 from:0 till: 11580
 bar:1876 from:0 till: 18615
 bar:1880 from:0 till: 22812
 bar:1890 from:0 till: 32311
 bar:1900 from:0 till: 47929
 bar:1910 from:0 till: 64137
 bar:1920 from:0 till: 67038
 bar:1930 from:0 till: 80046
 bar:1947 from:0 till: 86412
 bar:1961 from:0 till: 94677
 bar:1970 from:0 till: 103796
 bar:1980 from:0 till: 95969
 bar:1990 from:0 till: 89231
 bar:2000 from:0 till: 87812
 bar:2010 from:0 till: 104647
 bar:2018 from:0 till: 118382
 bar:2019 from:0 till: 118920
 bar:2020 from:0 till: 120009

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 bar:1806 at: 2028 fontsize:s text: 2.028 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1816 at: 2323 fontsize:S text: 2.323 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1830 at: 3426 fontsize:S text: 3.426 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1846 at: 5966 fontsize:S text: 5.966 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1856 at: 7465 fontsize:S text: 7.465 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1866 at: 11580 fontsize:S text: 11.580 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1876 at: 18615 fontsize:S text: 18.615 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1880 at: 22812 fontsize:S text: 22.812 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1890 at: 32311 fontsize:S text: 32.311 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1900 at: 47929 fontsize:S text: 47.929 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1910 at: 64137 fontsize:S text: 64.137 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1920 at: 67038 fontsize:S text: 67.038 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1930 at: 80046 fontsize:S text: 80.046 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1947 at: 86412 fontsize:S text: 86.412 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1961 at: 94677 fontsize:S text: 94.677 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1970 at: 103796 fontsize:S text: 103.796 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1980 at: 95969 fontsize:S text: 95.969 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:1990 at: 89231 fontsize:S text: 89.231 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:2000 at: 87812 fontsize:S text: 87.812 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:2010 at: 104647 fontsize:S text: 104.647 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:2018 at: 118382 fontsize:S text: 118.382 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:2019 at: 118920 fontsize:S text: 118.920 shift:(-10,5)
 bar:2020 at: 120009 fontsize:S text: 120.009 shift:(-10,5)
</timeline>
* <small>Sources: INS: 1806 to 1981= census; 1990 and later = population on 1 January</small>

===Foreign population===
Migrant communities in Anderlecht with over 1,000 people as of 1 January 2020:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nationalités {{!}} IBSA |url=https://ibsa.brussels/themes/population/nationalites |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=ibsa.brussels}}</ref>

{|
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}||7,405
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}||4,924
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}||2,985
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}||2,743
|-
|{{flag|France}}||2,727
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}||2,628
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}||2,549
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}||1,717
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="3" |Group of origin
! colspan="2" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origin {{!}} Statbel |url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/structure-population/origin#figures |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=statbel.fgov.be}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|-
!Belgians with Belgian background
|'''22,685'''
!18.14%
|-
!Belgians with foreign background
|'''59,274'''
!47.39%
|-
|Neighbouring country
|2,231
|
|-
|EU27 (excluding neighbouring country)
|5,661
|
|-
|Outside EU 27
|51,382
|41.08%
|-
!Non-Belgians
|'''43,106'''
!34.47%
|-
|Neighbouring country
|3,371
|
|-
|EU27 (excluding neighbouring country)
|18,387
|
|-
|Outside EU 27
|21,348
|17.07%
|-
|
|
|
|-
!Total
|'''125,065'''
!100%
|}

==Politics==
The current city council was elected in the [[2018 Belgian local elections|October 2018 elections]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bru2018.brussels/fr/results/municipalities/6071/index.html|title=Résultats officiels des élections communales 2018|access-date=17 July 2021|language=French}}</ref> The current mayor of Anderlecht is [[Fabrice Cumps]], a member of [[Socialist Party (Belgium)|PS]], who alongside the other parties on their list, [[Forward (Belgium)|sp.a]] and [[Humanist Democratic Centre|cdH]], is in coalition on the municipal council with [[Ecolo]] - [[Groen (political party)|Groen]], [[DéFI]] and [[Forward (Belgium)|Forward]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/regions/detail_anderlecht-eric-tomas-devrait-rempiler-avec-une-majorite-ps-defi-ecolo-groen?id=10046750|title=Anderlecht: l'acte de présentation d'Eric Tomas à la fonction de bourgmestre est signé|language=French|date=15 October 2018|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Anderlecht local election – 14 October 2018
|-
| bgcolor=white colspan=11| [[File:Anderlecht2018.svg|center|360px]]
|- style="text-align:right; background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Party
|- style="text-align:right; background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center"
! data-sort-type="number"| Votes
! data-sort-type="number"| % 
! data-sort-type="number"| [[Swing (politics)|Swing]] (pp)
! data-sort-type="number"| Elected<br>2018
! data-sort-type="number"| {{abbr|Change|Change in number of seats from the 2012 election to the 2018 election}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Socialist Party (Belgium)}} - [[Forward (Belgium)|sp.a]] - [[Humanist Democratic Centre|cdH]]
|14,023
|29.73
|{{decrease}}7.04
|{{Composition bar|16|47|#FF0000|background-color=|per=1}}
|{{decrease}}5
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Reformist Movement}} - [[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats|Open Vld]] - IC
|10,628
|22.53
|{{decrease}}3.61
|{{Composition bar|12|47|#0047AB|background-color=|per=1}}
|{{decrease}}2
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Ecolo}} - [[Groen (political party)|Groen]]
|7,320
|15.52
|{{increase}}4.17
|{{Composition bar|8|47|#8CC644|background-color=|per=1}}
|{{increase}}3
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Workers' Party of Belgium}}
|6,891
|14.61
|{{increase}}12.92
|{{Composition bar|7|47|#8B0000|background-color=|per=1}}
|{{increase}}7
|-
| {{Party name with colour|DéFI}}
|3,581
|7.59
|{{decrease}}0.26
|{{Composition bar|3|47|#DD0081|background-color=|per=1}}
|{{steady}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Flemish Alliance}}
|1,950
|4.13
|{{increase}}0.94
|{{Composition bar|1|47|#F9CE19|background-color=|per=1}}
|{{decrease}}1
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Vlaams Belang}}
|1,006
|2.13
|{{decrease}}1.53
|{{Composition bar|0|47|#FFE500|background-color=|per=1}}
|{{decrease}}1
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Christian Democratic and Flemish}} Plus
|716
|1.52
|''New''
|{{Composition bar|0|47|#FFE500|background-color=|per=1}}
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
|
|align="left" | Others
|1,059
|2.25
|''New''
|{{Composition bar|0|47|#000000|background-color=|per=1}}
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|}

==Events==
The annual Anderlecht fair, originally a cattle fair, was authorised by [[William II of the Netherlands]] in 1825. Since then, it has taken the form of a series of celebrations, which still include animal shows but also a large market, a floral show, and the recreation of a religious [[procession]] in honour of [[Guy of Anderlecht|Saint Guy]].

==Economy==
[[File:Abattoirs de Cureghem.JPG|thumb|Entrance and great hall of the Abattoirs of Anderlecht (main [[slaughterhouse]] in Brussels)]]
The {{ill|Abattoirs of Anderlecht|fr|Abattoirs d'Anderlecht}}, located at 24, {{lang|fr|Rue Ropsy Chaudron|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Ropsy Chaudronstraat|italic=no}} in Cureghem, is the main [[slaughterhouse]] in Brussels, employing some 1,500 people. In addition to its main activities, the great hall serves as a covered market for food and [[flea market]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abattoir.be/en/slaughterhouse|title=Slaughterhouse|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>

In recent years, several major international companies have set up their headquarters in Anderlecht, notably the [[Delhaize Group]], which operates many supermarket chains, from 40, Marie Curie Square,<ref>"[http://delhaizegroup.com/en/Contacts.aspx Contacts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522055415/http://www.delhaizegroup.com/en/Contacts.aspx |date=2012-05-22 }}." [[Delhaize Group]]. Retrieved on 16 May 2012. "Square Marie Curie 40 1070 Brussels - Belgium"</ref> [[Coca-Cola]] Benelux at 1424, {{lang|fr|Chaussée de Mons|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Bergensesteenweg|italic=no}},<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fr.cocacolabelgium.be/contact|title=Contact|access-date=2017-02-17|language=fr-BE}}</ref> as well as the Belgian chocolate company [[Leonidas (chocolate maker)|Leonidas]] at 41, {{lang|fr|Boulevard Jules Graindor|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Jules Graindorlaan|italic=no}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leonidas.com/en/contact|title=Leonidas - Bienvenue dans un monde chocolat|website=www.leonidas.com|language=en|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Several hospitals and clinics are located in Anderlecht:
* [[Erasmus Hospital]]
* [[Institut Jules Bordet|Jules Bordet Institute]]
* Joseph Bracops Hospital<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.his-izz.be/fr/hopitaux-iris-sud/infos-pratiques-et-contact/joseph-bracops_4|title=Joseph Bracops|website=www.his-izz.be|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
* St. Anne St. Remigius Clinic<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chirec.be/en/contact/4-st-anne-st-remi-clinic/|title=St-Anne St-Remi Clinic - Our hospital sites - Chirec|website=chirec.be|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>

==Sports==
[[File: Constant Vanden Stockstadion, Anderlecht.jpg|thumb|[[R.S.C. Anderlecht]] fans at the [[Constant Vanden Stock Stadium]]]]

===Football===
Anderlecht is the home of the [[Association football|football]] club [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|RSC Anderlecht]], the most successful Belgian football team in European competition as well as in the [[Belgian First Division]] with 34 titles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/belgchamp.html|title=Belgium - List of Champions|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref> The club's home stadium is the [[Constant Vanden Stock Stadium]], located within [[Astrid Park]]. The team colours are white and purple.

==Parks and green spaces==
{{Further|List of parks and gardens in Brussels}}
Green spaces in the municipality include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anderlecht.be/espaces-verts/parcs-publics|title=Parcs publics|last=Decker|first=Frédéric De|website=www.anderlecht.be|access-date=2016-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230160109/http://www.anderlecht.be/espaces-verts/parcs-publics|archive-date=2016-12-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Astrid Park]]
* {{lang|fr|Parc Forestier|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Bospark|italic=no}}, in Scheut
* Scherdemael Park
* Peterbos Park
* Joseph Lemaire Park
* Jean Vives Park
* {{lang|fr|Parc des Étangs|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Vijverspark|italic=no}}, in Neerpede
* {{lang|fr|Parc de la Rosée|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Dauwpark|italic=no}}, in Cureghem
* The Vogelzang or Vogelenzang, a natural protected area

==Famous inhabitants==
[[File:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam by Hans Holbein d. J. in Kunstmuseum Basel.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Erasmus]] painted by [[Hans Holbein the Younger]] (1523)]]
<!-- Please respect alphabetical order -->
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Guy of Anderlecht|Saint Guy]] ({{circa}} 950–1012), known as the ''Poor Man of Anderlecht'', [[patron saint]] of Anderlecht<ref>[http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-guy-of-anderlecht/ Guy of Anderlecht at saints.sqpn.com.] Retrieved 26.March 2013</ref>
* [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] (1459–1523), pope, theologian, rector at the [[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven|University of Leuven]], canon at the Chapter of Anderlecht, lived there.
* {{ill|Joseph Bracops|fr|Joseph Bracops}} (1900–1966), politician and mayor of Anderlecht
* [[Jacques Brel]], singer-songwriter and actor. He lived from 1942 to 1951 at 7, {{lang|fr|Rue Jacques Manne|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Jacques Mannestraat|italic=no}}, and worked from 1946 to 1953 in the family cardboard box factory Vanneste & Brel (now SCA Packaging) at 18, {{lang|fr|Rue Verheyden|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Verheydenstraat|italic=no}}. A nearby [[Jacques Brel metro station|metro station]] is named after him. 
* [[Maurice Carême]] (1899–1978), poet
* [[Fernand Dineur]] (1904–1956), cartoonist
* {{ill|Benoît Drousie|fr|Zidrou}}, also known as Zidrou (b. 1962), [[comic book]] artist
* [[Desiderius Erasmus]] (1466–1536), [[Humanism|humanist]] and theologian
* {{ill|Jean Hayet|fr|Jean Hayet}} (1939–2006), actor, stage manager and professor of the [[Théâtre Royal des Galeries|Théâtre royal des Galeries]]
* {{ill|André Jacqmain|fr|André Jacqmain}} (1921–2014), architect
* [[Désiré Keteleer]] (1920–1970), [[cycle sport|cyclist]]
* [[Filip Peeters]] (b. 1962), Flemish actor
* Germaine Schneider (1903–1945), Belgian-Swiss member of the [[Resistance during World War II]]
* [[Henri Seroka]] (b. 1949), singer and composer
* [[Henri Simonet]] (1931–1996), politician and mayor of Anderlecht
* [[Jacques Simonet]] (1963–2007), politician, mayor of Anderlecht, and [[Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region]]
* {{ill|Marcel Spittael|fr|Marcel Spittael}} (1899–1981), architect
* [[Philippe Thys (cyclist)|Philippe Thys]] (1889–1971), cyclist and three-time champion of the [[Tour de France]]
* [[Tonia (singer)|Tonia]] (Arlette Antoine Dominicus) (b. 1947), singer, represented Belgium at the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1966|11th Eurovision Song Contest]] in 1966
* [[Toots Thielemans]] (1922–2016), [[jazz]] musician, lived there.
* [[William Vance]] (1935–2018), comic book artist
* [[Constant Vanden Stock]] (1914–2008), entrepreneur, footballer, functionary, and coach of the [[Belgium national football team|Belgium national team]]
* [[Virgile Vandeput]] (b. 1994), Belgian-born alpine skier who competes for Israel
* [[Régine Zylberberg]], better known as Régine (1929–2022), chanson singer, actress, clothing designer and nightclub entrepreneur
{{div col end}}

'''Born in Anderlecht:'''
* [[Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant]] (b. 2001), Duchess of Brabant, the eldest child of [[Philippe of Belgium|King Philippe]] and [[Queen Mathilde of Belgium|Queen Mathilde]]; heiress 
* Princes [[Prince Gabriel of Belgium|Gabriel]] and [[Prince Emmanuel of Belgium|Emmanuel]] and [[Princess Eléonore of Belgium|Princess Eléonore]]; 2nd, 3rd and 4th in line to the [[Monarchy of Belgium|throne of Belgium]]
* [[Yannick Mertens]] (b. 1987), professional tennis player

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Belgium}}

===Twin towns and sister cities===
Anderlecht is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.anderlecht.be/component/content/article/71-articles/163-projets-europeens|title=Projets européens|last=Decker|first=Frédéric De|website=www.anderlecht.be|language=fr-fr|access-date=2017-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180222/http://www.anderlecht.be/component/content/article/71-articles/163-projets-europeens|archive-date=2017-03-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Boulogne-Billancourt]], France
* {{flagicon|GER}} Berlin-[[Neukölln]], Germany
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]], United Kingdom
* {{flagicon|NED}} [[Zaandam]], Netherlands
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Marino, Italy|Marino]], Italy

In addition, Anderlecht has signed a friendship agreement with:<ref name=":0" />
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sainte-Maxime]], France

==References==

===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last1=Verhelst|first1=Daniël|last2=Pycke|first2=Nestor|title=C.I.C.M. Missionaries Past and Present: History of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Scheut/Missionhurst)|series=Verbistiana|volume=4|location=Leuven|publisher=Leuven University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-90-6186-676-3}}
* {{cite book|last1=Vanysacker|first1=Dries|last2=Renson|first2=Raymond|title=The Archives of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (CICM-Scheut) (1862–1967) - 2 v.|location=Rome|publisher=Bibliothèque de l'Institut Historique Belge de Rome|year=1995|isbn=978-90-74461-15-3}}

==External links==
{{portal|Belgium}}
* {{commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.anderlecht.be/ Official website] {{in lang|fr|nl}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Anderlecht
|N  = [[Sint-Jans-Molenbeek]]
|NE = [[City of Brussels|Brussels]]
|E  = [[Saint-Gilles, Belgium|Saint-Gilles]]<br/>[[Forest, Belgium|Forest]]
|SE = [[Drogenbos]] ([[Flemish Brabant|VBR]])
|S  = [[Sint-Pieters-Leeuw]] ([[Flemish Brabant|VBR]])
|W  = [[Dilbeek]] ([[Flemish Brabant|VBR]])
}}
{{Brussels|state2=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Anderlecht| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region]]
[[Category:Populated places in Belgium]]
[[Category:Belgium geography articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
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[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
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