Английская Википедия:Anderlecht

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Expand French Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Belgium municipality

Anderlecht (Шаблон:IPA-fr, Шаблон:IPA-nl) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the south-western part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Forest, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, and Saint-Gilles, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Dilbeek and Sint-Pieters-Leeuw. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

There are several historically and architecturally distinct districts within Anderlecht. Шаблон:As of, the municipality had a population of 122,547 inhabitants.[1] The total area is Шаблон:Convert, which gives a population density of Шаблон:Convert.[1] Its upper area is greener and less densely populated.

History

Origins and medieval times

The first traces of human activity on the right bank of the Senne date from the Stone Age and Bronze Age. The remnants of a Roman villa and of a Frankish necropolis were also found on the territory of Anderlecht. The first mention of the name Anderlecht, however, dates only from 1047 under the forms Anrelech, then Andrelet (1111), Andreler (1148), and Anderlech (1186). At that time, this community was already home to a chapter of canons and to two feudal manors, those of the powerful lords of Aa and of Anderlecht.

Файл:Anderlecht, Sint-Pieter-en-Sint-Guidokerk 01.jpg
Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido

In 1356, the Count of Flanders, Louis II, fought against Brussels on the territory of Anderlecht, in the so-called Battle of Scheut, supposedly over a monetary matter. Although he defeated his sister-in-law, the Duchess of Brabant, Joanna, and briefly took her title, she regained it the following year with the help of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. In 1393, Joanna's charter made Anderlecht a part of Brussels. It is also around this time that the church of Saint Guy was rebuilt in Brabantine Gothic style above an earlier Romanesque crypt.

15th–18th centuries

The village of Anderlecht became a beacon of culture in the 15th and 16th centuries. In 1521, the Dutch humanist writer and theologian Erasmus of Rotterdam lived in the canons' house for a few months. Charles, Duke of Aumale and Grand Veneur of France also had a residence there.

The 17th and 18th centuries were marked by the wars between the Low Countries and France. During the Nine Years' War, it is from the high ground of Scheut, in the northern part of Anderlecht, that the bombardment of Brussels of 1695 took place. Together with the resulting fire, it was the most destructive event in the entire history of Brussels. On 13 November 1792, right after the Battle of Jemappes, General Dumouriez and the French Revolutionary army routed the Austrians there once again. Among the consequences were the disbanding of the canons and Anderlecht being proclaimed an independent municipality by the French.

Файл:KartuisScheut.png
The Carthusian Monastery depicted in Chorographia Sacra Brabantiae (1727). On the horizon are Anderlecht and Scheut.

By the end of the 18th century, Anderlecht including its dependencies, which extended to Brussels' city walls, counted around 2,000 inhabitants. In Scheut, on the site of the Carthusian Monastery, stood a chapel called Our Lady of Scheut, whose pleasant location, in the middle of a grove, made this place very popular at the time.

19th century and later

The 19th century saw a remarkable population growth, mainly because of the proximity to a rapidly expanding Brussels. The Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang was laid out in 1828, through the former property of the Carthusians. The population multiplied by ten between 1830 and 1890 and doubled again between 1890 and 1910. Along the Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang and the Brussels–Charleroi Canal, a series of industrial and working-class districts connected the centre of Anderlecht to Cureghem.

Remarkable new urban developments and garden cities such as La Roue/Het Rad, Moortebeek and Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang were built at the beginning of the 20th century to house the influx of newcomers. Following World War II, some remaining green parts of the municipality also made way for large-scale urban renewal following the modernist Athens Charter and Park system, such as the housing projects Scherdemael, Peterbos and Marius Renard in the upper town, and Aurore near the canal.

Nowadays, the name Anderlecht rings a bell in every Belgian ear thanks to its very successful football club.

Geography

Location

Файл:Anderlecht Brussels-Capital Belgium Map.svg
Location of Anderlecht within Brussels

Anderlecht is located in the north-central part of Belgium, about Шаблон:Convert from the Belgian coast and about Шаблон:Convert from Belgium's southern tip. It is located in the heartland of the Brabantian Plateau, about Шаблон:Convert south of Antwerp (Flanders), and Шаблон:Convert north of Charleroi (Wallonia). It is the westernmost municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region and is an important crossing point for the Brussels–Charleroi Canal, which cuts the municipality in two from the west. With an area of Шаблон:Convert, it is also the third largest municipality in the region after the City of Brussels and Uccle. It is bordered by the City of Brussels, Forest, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, and Saint-Gilles, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Dilbeek and Sint-Pieters-Leeuw.

Climate

Anderlecht, in common with the rest of Brussels, experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) with warm summers and cool winters.[2] Proximity to coastal areas influences the area's climate by sending marine air masses from the Atlantic Ocean. Nearby wetlands also ensure a maritime temperate climate. On average (based on measurements in the period 1981–2010), there are approximately 135 days of rain per year in the region. Snowfall is infrequent, averaging 24 days per year. It also often experiences violent thunderstorms in summer months.

The Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (IRM/KMI) is located in Uccle, in the south of Brussels. The meteorological records which are carried out there are similar to those which could be carried out in Anderlecht.

Шаблон:Weather box

Districts

Файл:Anderlecht OSM.png
Map of Anderlecht

The territory of Anderlecht is very heterogeneous and is characterised by a mixture of larger districts including smaller residential and (formerly) industrial neighbourhoods. The area along the canal is currently experiencing a large revitalisation programme, as part of the Шаблон:Lang of the Brussels-Capital Region.[3]

Historical centre

Файл:Anderlecht, Dapperheidsplein.jpg
The Place de la Vaillance / Dapperheidsplein with the Church of St. Guido in the background

The historical centre of Anderlecht is the municipality's central district. Formerly known as Rinck, it is divided into several sectors:

Cureghem/Kuregem

Шаблон:Main

Located in the east of Anderlecht,[4] Cureghem/Kuregem is one of the municipality's largest and most populated districts. It developed during the Industrial Revolution along the Brussels–Charleroi Canal and is currently in a fragile social and economic situation due to the decline of its economy and the poor quality of some of its housing. Between 1836 and 1991, the district housed the Royal School of Veterinary Medicine, now moved to Liège but often still referred to as Cureghem.[5] The old campus, listed as protected heritage,[6] is currently undergoing a large rehabilitation process.[4]

Three listed buildings—the former Atlas Brewery,[7] the old power station, and the former Moulart Mill[8]—are testaments to the old industrial activities next to the waterway. The Municipal Hall of Anderlecht is located on the Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang, at the heart of this district.[9][4] In its lower part, bordering the City of Brussels, are the Square de l'Aviation/Luchtvaartsquare[10] and the Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang.[11]

La Roue/Het Rad

Шаблон:Main

Файл:Paroisse Saint-Joseph de La Roue.jpg
Church of St. Joseph in La Roue/Het Rad

Located in the south of Anderlecht, La Roue/Het Rad ("The Wheel") is one of the municipality's largest districts and one of Brussels' main garden cities. Built in the 1920s, with its modest and picturesque houses, it offers a great vision of an early 20th-century working class neighbourhood. It is also home to one of the largest agribusiness industry campuses in Belgium: the Food and Chemical Industries Education and Research Center (CERIA/COOVI),[12] as well as popular department stores.

Scheut

Шаблон:Main

Located in the north of Anderlecht, Scheut is bounded by the border with the municipality of Molenbeek-Saint-Jean to the north, the historical centre of Anderlecht to the south, the Birmingham district to the east, the Scheutveld district to the west and the semi-natural site of the Scheutbos to the north-west.

It is in this district, on the Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang, that lay the foundations of the Scheutveld College, on 28 April 1863, by the Catholic priest Theophile Verbist. The congregation of Scheut Missionaries went on to evangelise China, Mongolia, the Philippines, as well as the Congo Free State/Belgian Congo (modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Main sights

Anderlecht has a rich cultural and architectural heritage.[13] Some of the main points of interest include:

  • The Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido is located in the municipality's historical centre, on the northern side of the Place de la Vaillance/Dapperheidsplein, its main square. It contains the grave of the 11th-century Saint Guy. Its Romanesque crypt dates from the 10th century and is one of the oldest in Belgium. Most of the church, however, dates from 1350 and later, with most of the currently visible architecture representing the Ogee style (15th–16th centuries). Construction of the tower started in 1517 but ceased with the square part up to the balcony, and was not completed until 1898.[14]
  • The Erasmus House, built between 1460 and 1515, with its medicinal and philosophical gardens, can be visited nearby. Right next to the church, the old beguinage is home to a local history museum. Both institutions are now managed jointly as the Erasmus House and Beguinage Museums.[15]
  • The National Museum of the Resistance, which traces the history of the Belgian Resistance and German occupation of Belgium during World War II.
  • The Museum of China – Scheut, which houses documents and pieces brought back to Europe by the congregation of Scheut Missionaries, including a 15th-century bronze Buddha.[16]
  • The Maurice Carême Museum, in the Шаблон:Lang where the Belgian poet lived and wrote.[17]
  • The Luizenmolen in Neerpede, a replica of an old windmill which once stood on the site.[18]
  • The Cureghem Cellars (French: Шаблон:Lang, Dutch: Шаблон:Lang), a subterranean complex of handmade brick caves with Romanesque vaults, pillars, and arches, originally the site of a cattle market covered by a forged-iron roof construction in the 1890s.[19] The cellars were simply a foundation for the upper structure until the 1930s, after which the city council decided to make better use of them. It proved more profitable to grow mushrooms in the dark and damp underground spaces for local consumption. It fell into disuse as a cattle market but, in 1984, the hall officially got listed as a Belgian monument. Due to its characteristic architecture and unique layout it was refurbished and transformed by a private company, Abattoir SA. Since 1992, it serves as an attractive and functional event site for various private, corporate or public occasions and events. One of these was the anatomic exposition Body Worlds (Шаблон:Lang-de) by Gunther Von Hagens, which ran in the cellars between 2008 and 2009 and attracted over 500,000 visitors.
  • The Cantillon Brewery, a gueuze museum established in an actual working brewery.
  • The Museum of Medicine, located on the Erasme/Erasmus campus of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB).[20]
  • The Jean-Claude Van Damme statue located on the Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang, near the Westland Shopping Center.

Demographics

Historical population

Historically, the population of Anderlecht was quite low. The municipality counted around 2,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the 19th century. However, following the Industrial Revolution, the population underwent a remarkable growth, peaking at 103,796 in 1970. From then, it began to decrease slightly to a low of 87,812 in 2000, before increasing again rapidly in recent years.

Шаблон:As of, the population was 120,887.[1] The area is Шаблон:Cvt, making the density Шаблон:Convert.[1]

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bar:1990 at: 89231 fontsize:S text: 89.231 shift:(-10,5)
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  • Sources: INS: 1806 to 1981= census; 1990 and later = population on 1 January

Foreign population

Migrant communities in Anderlecht with over 1,000 people as of 1 January 2020:[21]

Шаблон:Flag 7,405
Шаблон:Flag 4,924
Шаблон:Flag 2,985
Шаблон:Flag 2,743
Шаблон:Flag 2,727
Шаблон:Flag 2,628
Шаблон:Flag 2,549
Шаблон:Flag 1,717
Group of origin Year
2023[22]
Number %
Belgians with Belgian background 22,685 18.14%
Belgians with foreign background 59,274 47.39%
Neighbouring country 2,231
EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) 5,661
Outside EU 27 51,382 41.08%
Non-Belgians 43,106 34.47%
Neighbouring country 3,371
EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) 18,387
Outside EU 27 21,348 17.07%
Total 125,065 100%

Politics

The current city council was elected in the October 2018 elections.[23] The current mayor of Anderlecht is Fabrice Cumps, a member of PS, who alongside the other parties on their list, sp.a and cdH, is in coalition on the municipal council with Ecolo - Groen, DéFI and Forward.[24]

Anderlecht local election – 14 October 2018
Файл:Anderlecht2018.svg
Party
Votes % Swing (pp) Elected
2018 		Шаблон:Abbr
Шаблон:Party name with colour - sp.a - cdH 14,023 29.73 Шаблон:Decrease7.04 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease5
Шаблон:Party name with colour - Open Vld - IC 10,628 22.53 Шаблон:Decrease3.61 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease2
Шаблон:Party name with colour - Groen 7,320 15.52 Шаблон:Increase4.17 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase3
Шаблон:Party name with colour 6,891 14.61 Шаблон:Increase12.92 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase7
Шаблон:Party name with colour 3,581 7.59 Шаблон:Decrease0.26 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Steady
Шаблон:Party name with colour 1,950 4.13 Шаблон:Increase0.94 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease1
Шаблон:Party name with colour 1,006 2.13 Шаблон:Decrease1.53 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease1
Шаблон:Party name with colour Plus 716 1.52 New Шаблон:Composition bar -
Others 1,059 2.25 New Шаблон:Composition bar -

Events

The annual Anderlecht fair, originally a cattle fair, was authorised by William II of the Netherlands in 1825. Since then, it has taken the form of a series of celebrations, which still include animal shows but also a large market, a floral show, and the recreation of a religious procession in honour of Saint Guy.

Economy

Файл:Abattoirs de Cureghem.JPG
Entrance and great hall of the Abattoirs of Anderlecht (main slaughterhouse in Brussels)

The Шаблон:Ill, located at 24, Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang in Cureghem, is the main slaughterhouse in Brussels, employing some 1,500 people. In addition to its main activities, the great hall serves as a covered market for food and flea markets.[25]

In recent years, several major international companies have set up their headquarters in Anderlecht, notably the Delhaize Group, which operates many supermarket chains, from 40, Marie Curie Square,[26] Coca-Cola Benelux at 1424, Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang,[27] as well as the Belgian chocolate company Leonidas at 41, Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang.[28]

Healthcare

Several hospitals and clinics are located in Anderlecht:

Sports

Файл:Constant Vanden Stockstadion, Anderlecht.jpg
R.S.C. Anderlecht fans at the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium

Football

Anderlecht is the home of the football club RSC Anderlecht, the most successful Belgian football team in European competition as well as in the Belgian First Division with 34 titles.[31] The club's home stadium is the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium, located within Astrid Park. The team colours are white and purple.

Parks and green spaces

Шаблон:Further Green spaces in the municipality include:[32]

Famous inhabitants

Файл:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam by Hans Holbein d. J. in Kunstmuseum Basel.jpg
Erasmus painted by Hans Holbein the Younger (1523)

Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Born in Anderlecht:

International relations

Шаблон:See also

Twin towns and sister cities

Anderlecht is twinned with:[34]

In addition, Anderlecht has signed a friendship agreement with:[34]

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Шаблон:Portal

Шаблон:Geographic location Шаблон:Brussels Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Eug. De Seyn, "Geschied- en aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Belgische gemeenten" (Historic and Geographic Dictionary of Belgian communes), A. Bieleveld, Brussels 1933-1934.
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ "Contacts Шаблон:Webarchive." Delhaize Group. Retrieved on 16 May 2012. "Square Marie Curie 40 1070 Brussels - Belgium"
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Guy of Anderlecht at saints.sqpn.com. Retrieved 26.March 2013
  34. ↑ 34,0 34,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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