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'''''Chronochromie''''' (Time-Colour) is an [[orchestral work]] by French composer [[Olivier Messiaen]], completed in 1960.<ref name=OUP>{{cite book|title=[[The Oxford Companion to Music]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{Full citation needed|date=October 2012}}<!--There have been many editions of the Oxford Companion, but in addition to specifying which edition (presumably one published after 1960), the article in it needs to be specified, with the author (if the article is signed) and the title of the article ("Chronochromie", "Messiaen, Olivier", etc).--></ref> It consists of seven movements:

{{Ordered list|type=upper-roman
|Introduction
|Strophe I
|Antistrophe I
|Strophe II
|Antistrophe II
|Epode
|Coda
}}

The sixth movement consists of 18 [[string instruments]] playing different [[bird vocalization|birdsong]]. The first performance was in [[Donaueschingen]] on 16 October 1960, conducted by [[Hans Rosbaud]].

==Instrumentation==
The work is scored for the following orchestra:<ref>[http://www.alphonseleduc.com/EN/orchestre_recherche_oeuvres.php?orchestre_categorie=&soli_instru=&compositeur=MESSIAEN+O.&titre=Chronochromie&editeur=&valider=valider&page=1 Alphonse Leduc (publisher) title entry, ''Chronochromie''.]</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
;[[Woodwind]]s
:{{Hanging indent |text=4 [[flute]]s (doubling [[piccolo]])}}
:{{Hanging indent |text=3 [[oboe]]s (doubling [[cor anglais]])}}
:{{Hanging indent |text=4 [[clarinet]]s (doubling [[E-flat clarinet|E{{music|flat}} clarinet]] and [[bass clarinet]])}}
:3 [[bassoon]]s

{{col-4}}
;[[Brass instrument|Brass]]
:4 [[French horn|horns]]
:{{Hanging indent |text=4 [[trumpet]]s (doubling [[piccolo trumpet]] in D)}}
:3 [[trombone]]s
:1 [[tuba]]

{{col-4}}
;[[Percussion]] (6 players):
:1 [[glockenspiel]]
:1 [[xylophone]]
:1 [[marimba]]
:  [[Bell|bells]]
:3 [[gong]]s
:  [[suspended cymbal]]
:  [[chinese cymbal]]
:  [[Gong#Chau gong (tam-tam)|tam-tam]]

{{col-4}}
;[[String instrument|Strings]]
:16 [[Violin]] I's
:16 Violin II's
:14 [[Viola]]s
:12 [[Cello|Celli]]
:10 [[Double bass]]es
{{col-2}}
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Bauer, Amy. 2008. "The Impossible Charm of Messiaen's ''Chronochromie''". In ''Messiaen Studies'', edited by Robert Sholl, 145–67. Cambridge Composer Studies. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-521-83981-5}}.
* Sherlaw Johnson, Robert. 1989. ''Messiaen'', revised and updated edition. London: J. M. Dent & Sons; Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|9780460126038}} (London); {{ISBN|9780520067349}} (Berkeley).

{{Olivier Messiaen}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Compositions by Olivier Messiaen]]
[[Category:1960 compositions]]
[[Category:Compositions for symphony orchestra]]


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