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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Twenty-second solar term of traditional Chinese lunisolar calendars}}
{{Other uses|Dongzhi County}}
{{for|the Chinese paralympic archer|Dong Zhi (archer)}}
{{See also|Winter solstice}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Italic title|reason=[[History of Dongzhi]]}}
{{Chinese
|pic=
|piccap=
|c={{lang|zh|冬至}}
|l=winter's extreme<br />(i.e. [[winter solstice]])
|p=dōngzhì
|bpmf=ㄉㄨㄙ ㄓㄧˋ
|j=dung<sup>1</sup> zi<sup>3</sup>
|y=dūng ji
|kanji={{lang|ja|冬至}}
|hiragana=とうじ
|romaji=tōji
|hanja={{lang|ko|冬至}}
|hangul=동지
|rr=dongji
|qn         = đông chí
|chuhan     = 冬至
<!-- 琉球語 -->
|ryutitle   = 朝衣
|ryukanji   = 朝衣
|ryukana    = チョージン
|ryuromaji  = Chōjin
}}

The traditional [[Chinese calendar]] divides a year into 24 [[solar term]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Peiyu |last2=Hunag |first2=Hongfeng( |title=The Twenty-four Solar Terms of the Chinese Calendar and the Calculation for Them |journal=Purple Mountain Observatory |date=1994 |url=https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-GXKK403.013.htm |access-date=9 March 2021 |archive-date=12 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612151759/https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-GXKK403.013.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''''Dōngzhì''''', ''Tōji'', ''Dongji'', ''Tunji'' (in Okinawan), or ''Đông chí'' (in Vietnamese) is the 22nd solar term, and marks the [[winter solstice]]. The term begins when the Sun reaches the [[celestial longitude]] of 270° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 285°{{Disputed inline|Period vs exact moment|date=January 2022}}. In the [[Gregorian calendar]], it usually begins around 21 December (22 December East Asia time) and ends around 5 January.

In common usage, Dongzhi more often refers to the particular day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 270°.

Along with [[equinox]]es, [[solstice]]s ({{CJKV| t= [[:zh:至點|至點]]| s= 至日| l= ''extreme day''}}) mark the ''middle'' of Traditional Chinese calendar seasons. Thus, in "{{Lang|zh|冬至}}", the Chinese character "[[wikt:至|至]]" means "extreme", which implies "solstices", and therefore the term for the ''winter solstice'' directly signifies the summit of winter, as "midwinter" is used in English.

== Culture ==
{{See also|Dongzhi Festival}}
=== China ===
[[File:Seventeen Arch Bridge at winter solstice sunset (20201222160213).jpg|thumb|Sunlight directed through the 17 arches of Seventeen Arch Bridge, [[Summer Palace]], [[Beijing]] around winter solstice]]

In China, Dongzhi was originally celebrated as an [[Dongzhi Festival|end-of-harvest festival]]. Today, it is observed with a family reunion over the long night. In southern China, pink and white ''[[tangyuan (food)|tangyuan]]'' are eaten in sweet broth to symbolise family unity and prosperity, whereas in northern China, the traditional Dongzhi food is [[jiaozi]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

=== Korea ===
In Korea, the winter solstice is also called the "Small Seol," and there is a custom of celebrating the day. People make porridge with red beans known as [[patjuk]] ({{lang|ko|팥죽}}) and round rice cakes ({{lang|ko|새알심}} {{transl|ko|saealsim}}) with sticky rice. In the past, red bean porridge soup was sprayed on walls or doors because it was said to ward off bad ghosts. In addition, there was a custom in the early days of the [[Goryeo]] and [[Joseon]] Period in which people in financial difficulty settled all their debts and enjoyed the day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=동지|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=40942&docId=1084615&categoryId=32295|access-date=2021-03-28|website=terms.naver.com|language=ko}}</ref>

=== Japan ===
In Japan, the name of the solar term is Tōji. On this day, it is customary to drink grapefruit hot water and eat pumpkin in certain places. White flowers begin to bloom around the winter solstice.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

== Pentads ==
Each solar term is divided into three pentads which are typically named after seasonal natural events. The pentads during Dongzhi are:{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

*蚯蚓結, 'Earthworms form knots', referring to the hibernation of earthworms.
*麋角解, 'Deer shed their antlers'
*水泉動, 'Spring water moves'

==Date and time==
{{Solar terms}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:smaller;"
|+ Date and Time ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])
|-
![[Sexagenary cycle|year]] !!  begin !! end
|-
{{Solar term|辛巳|2001|12|21|19:21|2002|01|05|12:43}}
|-
{{Solar term|壬午|2002|12|22|01:14|2003|01|05|18:27}}
|-
{{Solar term|癸未|2003|12|22|07:03|2004|01|06|00:18}}
|-
{{Solar term|甲申|2004|12|21|12:41|2005|01|05|06:03}}
|-
{{Solar term|乙酉|2005|12|21|18:34|2006|01|05|11:46}}
|-
{{Solar term|丙戌|2006|12|22|00:22|2007|01|05|17:40}}
|-
{{Solar term|丁亥|2007|12|22|06:07|2008|01|05|23:24}}
|-
{{Solar term|戊子|2008|12|21|12:03|2009|01|05|05:14}}
|-
{{Solar term|己丑|2009|12|21|17:46|2010|01|05|11:08}}
|-
{{Solar term|庚寅|2010|12|21|23:38|2011|01|05|16:54}}
|-
{{Solar term|辛卯|2011|12|22|05:30|2012|01|05|22:43}}
|-
{{Solar term|壬辰|2012|12|21|11:11|2013|01|05|04:33}}
|-
{{Solar term|癸巳|2013|12|21|17:11|2014|01|05|10:24}}
|-
{{Solar term|甲午|2014|12|21|23:03|2015|01|05|16:20}}
|-
{{Solar term|乙未|2015|12|22|04:45|2016|01|05|22:09}}
|-
{{Solar term|丙申|2016|12|21|10:43|2017|01|05|03:54}}
|-
{{Solar term|丁酉|2017|12|21|16:29|2018|01|05|09:47}}
|-
{{Solar term|戊戌|2018|12|21|22:23|2019|01|05|15:41}}
|-
{{Solar term|己亥|2019|12|22|04:17|2020|01|05|21:31}}
|-
{{Solar term|庚子|2020|12|21|10:01|2021|01|05|03:22}}
|-
{{Solar term|辛丑|2021|12|21|15:59|2022|01|05|9:14}}
|-
{{Solar term|壬寅|2022|12|21|21:48|2023|01|05|15:05}}
|-
{{Solar term|癸卯|2023|12|22|3:27|2024|01|05|20:49}}
|-
{{Solar term|甲辰|2024|12|21|9:21|2025|01|05|02:33}}
|-
| colspan=3 | Source: [[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System]]
|-
| colspan=3 | Source for 2021-24: [[Hong Kong Observatory]]<ref name=hkobservatory>{{cite web |title=Date and Time of the 24 Solar Terms |url=https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/astronomy/Solar_Term.htm |website=Hong Kong Observatory |access-date=21 December 2023 }}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
*[[Dongzhi Festival]]
*[[Winter solstice]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Daxue (solar term)|Daxue]] (大雪)}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Solar term]] (節氣)|years=}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Xiaohan]] (小寒)}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dongzhi (Solar Term)}}
[[Category:Solar terms|22]]
[[Category:Winter time]]
[[Category:Winter solstice]]
[[ja:冬至]]
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