Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Giga Press

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|Series of aluminium die casting machines}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox machine
| image          = File:20200912-tesla-fremont-dcm2-idra-giga-press-ol6100cs-crop.png
| caption        = Die Casting Machine #2 at [[Tesla Factory]], Fremont, 2020
| name           = Giga Press 
| classification = High-pressure die-casting (HPDC)
| industry       = Metal casting
| application    = Car chassis production
| dimensions     = {{convert|19.5|x|5.9|x|5.3|m|abbr=in|disp=br}}
| weight         = {{convert|410|-|430|tonnes|lb|abbr=out|disp=br}}
| invented       = ~2018
| fuel_source    = [[Electric]]
| powered        = {{plainlist|
* 2 × 132kW motors<ref name="idra-catalogue-201906"/>
* 4 × 90kW motors<ref name="ol5500cs-20190604"/>
}}
| examples       = {{plainlist|
* 12+ ([[Tesla, Inc.]]) <!-- 2x Freemont, 5x Shanghai, 3x Berlin, 2x Texas -->
* 1&nbsp; (Glovitech) <!-- 1x Vietnam -->
}}
| free_label1    = Model
| free_text1     = {{plainlist|
* '''{{nowrap|{{lang|it|{{abbr|OL|Olio Presse}}|italic=unset}} 9000 {{abbr|CS|Compact Series}}}}''' (Idra)
* '''{{nowrap|{{lang|it|{{abbr|OL|Olio Presse}}|italic=unset}} 6100 {{abbr|CS|Compact Series}}}}''' (Idra)
* '''{{nowrap|DCC 6000}}''' {{nowrap|({{abbr|LK|LK Machinery}})}}
}}
}}
The '''Giga Press''' program is a series of  [[aluminum|aluminium]] die [[casting (metalworking)|casting]] machines manufactured for [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]], initially by [[Idra Group]] in Italy. Idra presses were the largest [[high-pressure die casting]] machines in production as of 2020, with a clamping force of {{convert|55000|to|61000|kN|tf}}.<ref name="ol5500cs-20190604"/><ref name="ol6200cs-20190604">{{cite web|url=https://www.idragroup.com/images/pdf/OL6200CSTechDatasheet.pdf|title=OL 6200 CS|publisher=Idra|series=Technical data sheet|date=2019-06-04|access-date=2020-04-20|language=en|quote=Clamping force: kN 61.000; Ton 6.218 … Tie bar spacing: mm 2350x2350 … Tie bar diameter mm 470 … Max. shot weight (Al alloy): kg 104,6 … Dry Cycles (as per DIN 24480) n/1’ 1,3 … Pumps motors power; kW 4x90 … Machine weight: Ton 430 … Machine dimensions (LxWxH): m 19,5x5,9x5,32|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525015230/https://www.idragroup.com/images/pdf/OL6200CSTechDatasheet.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Each machine weighs {{convert|410|-|430|tonnes|lb}}.<ref name="ol5500cs-20190604"/><ref name="ol6200cs-20190604"/>

Base specification Giga Press machines were included in Idra's catalogue in 2018.<ref name="ferrario-20181011"/> Tesla began using a custom {{nowrap|{{lang|it|{{abbr|OL|Olio Presse}}|italic=unset}} 6100 {{abbr|CS|Compact Series}}}} Giga Press in late-2020 for the production of [[chassis]] parts for the [[Tesla Model Y]].<ref name="visnic-20200602"/>

Shots of molten  [[aluminum|aluminium]] weighing {{convert|80|kg|lb}} are injected into the cold-chamber [[casting mold]] with a velocity of {{convert|10|m/s|mph kph}}.<ref name="amafond-20180201"/> The [[takt time|cycle time]] is ~80‒90 seconds,<ref name="ol5500cs-20190604"/> allowing an initial output rate of 40‒45 completed castings per hour, or ~1,000 castings per day.

{{Toclimit}}

==Operation==
{{multiple image
| perrow            = 1
| total_width       = 300
| image1            = 20200924-giga-press-fremont-die-casting-machine-2-traced-diagram-closed.svg
| image2            = 20200924-giga-press-fremont-die-casting-machine-2-traced-diagram-open.svg
| footer            = Giga Press in '''closed position''' during casting + after removal of previous casting; and in '''open position''' for robot removal of casting + cleaning.
}}
<!-- Sourced from reading the German-language description of the casting/Giga Press operation at Giga Berlin, according to the Environmental Impact Assessment filed in mid-2016-->
[[Die casting]] works by forcing molten metal alloy inside a reusable mold, then opening the mold to remove the finished piece after it cools and solidifies. The opened mold is cooled to {{convert|185|C|F}} and cleaned by robots, and fresh molten aluminium is prepared for the next cycle to begin 1‒2 minutes after the first cycle. Each fresh casting is trimmed to approximate size, measured, checked for imperfections, and sent for [[Numerical control|CNC]] machining to finished size.<ref name="tesla-20200624-p83"/>

Ingots and off-cuts of  aluminium are melted in a [[natural gas]]-powered melting oven operating at {{convert|850|C|F|sigfig=2}}, until liquid. [[Slag]] in the form of [[aluminium oxide]] is mechanically removed from the surface, and the rest of the liquid metal is pumped through heated pipes to an enclosed warming oven operating at {{convert|750|-|850|C|F|sigfig=2}}, heated using {{convert|400|kW|MW|sigfig=1}} of electrical power. To prevent the formation of oxides, a [[tank blanketing|tank blanket]] of [[nitrogen gas]] covers the molten aluminium, which is circulated to maintain an even temperature. [[Argon]] gas and a rotary-[[degassing|degasser]] are used to remove impurities, with a [[silicon carbide]] filter removing most other particles larger than {{convert|25|um|thou|sigfig=1}}.<ref name="tesla-20200624-p83"/>

At the beginning of each casting cycle robots spray {{convert|35|ml}} of [[soybean oil]] in a thin layer inside each half of the mold to allow separation. The mold is closed, and a low [[vacuum]] of {{convert|50|mbar}} created by pumping the air out. A precise amount of molten metal is pumped from the holding oven into the casting chamber at {{convert|750|C|F|sigfig=2}}, and forced into the mold using a high-speed plunger with an additional {{convert|8|ml}} of lubricant. The mold is opened, and the raw casting removed at {{convert|400|C|F|sigfig=2}}.{{cn|date=July 2023}}

A robot reaches in and removes the casting, placing it in a [[quenching]] tank to reduce the temperature from {{convert|400|to|50|C|F|sigfig=2}}. A mechanical [[punch press|trim press]] cuts the approximate edges, recycling excess aluminium into the melting oven. The remaining useful part of the casting is [[Industrial radiography|X-rayed]] to check its internal structure, trimmed by [[laser]], drilled for fittings, and then computer-measured for precision.<ref name="tesla-20200624-p83">{{cite report|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702174308/https://www.uvp-verbund.de/documents/ingrid-group_ige-iplug-bb/94AFADF0-92F1-44EA-AA54-E1CD7C0FF6AD/CD%201%20-%20Auslegung%20Gesamt%20Tesla%20Manufacturing%20Brandenburg%20SE_V2_24-06-2020.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-02|access-date=2021-02-06|date=2020-06-30|url=https://www.uvp-verbund.de/documents/ingrid-group_ige-iplug-bb/94AFADF0-92F1-44EA-AA54-E1CD7C0FF6AD/CD%201%20-%20Auslegung%20Gesamt%20Tesla%20Manufacturing%20Brandenburg%20SE_V2_24-06-2020.pdf|publisher={{abbr|UVP|Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungen}} Verbund|pages=83‒84|title=3.1.2 A002 Gießerei (Casting)|work=Anlage und Betrieb|trans-work=Plant and Operation|author=[[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla Manufacturing Brandenburg]]|language=de|type=[[Environmental impact assessment]]|url-status=unfit|series=Antrag für eine Genehmigung oder eine Anzeige nach dem Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz|location=[[Grünheide]]<!--|trans-series=Application for a permit or a notification according to the Germany Federal Emissions Control Regulations-->}}</ref>

===Die structure===
Tesla's Model Y rear casting dies have four known visible parts:<ref name="battdayrear-20200922">{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6T9xIeZTds?t=4814|via=Youtube|title=Tesla Battery Day|date=22 September 2020|type=offset 1:20:14}}</ref><ref name="gabeincal-20210121">{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwoiFC-HwPE?t=326|via=Youtube|title=Tesla Fremont Flyover Gigapress Operation Captured - Jan 21, 2021|date=21 January 2021|type=offset 5:26}}</ref>
* two large classic main facing dies, oriented vertically with injection from the bottom of the immobile one.
* two smaller side wedging dies, moving in for injection and out for removal.

The front casting suggests an identical die layout, with a possible fifth wedging die underneath (process) for the front-facing (car) crash rail mount.<ref name="teratexas-20210524">{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_R8Zmu1VW8?t=284|via=Youtube|title=Tesla Terafactory Texas Update #159 in 4K: Discarded??? - 05/24/21 (5:00pm {{!}} 78°F)|date=24 May 2021|type=offset 4:44}}</ref>

===Metal alloy===
[[Sandy Munro]] analysed a Model Y casting in 2021 and reported that the casting [[aluminium alloy]] used in the large [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] [[chassis]] parts is primarily an [[aluminium]] 89.5%‒[[silicon]] 8.5% mix, plus several other trace elements, falling within the categorisation of  [[The Aluminum Association|aluminium Association]] alloy "AA 386":

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Analysed alloy composition of Tesla Model Y megacasting<ref name="munro-20210419">{{cite video|first=Sandy|last=Munro|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=053rKZjP-8c&t=236s|via=Youtube|title=Sandy Munro On Next-Generation EV Technology: Tesla, Solid State Batteries, MegaCastings, VTOLS, Q&A|work=Charged Electric Vehicles magazine|date=19 April 2021|type=offset 3:56}}</ref>
! Element !! Name !! Percentage
|-
| Al || [[Aluminium]] || 89.482%
|-
| Si || [[Silicon]] || 8.525%
|-
| Cu || [[Copper]] || 0.790%
|-
| Mn || [[Manganese]] || 0.455%
|-
| Fe || [[Iron]] || 0.277%
|-
| Mg || [[Magnesium]] || 0.075%
|-
| Zn || [[Zinc]] || 0.020%
|-
| V || [[Vanadium]] || 0.015%
|-
| Ti || [[Titanium]] || 0.013%
|-
| Ni || [[Nickel]] || 0.009%
|-
| Zr || [[Zirconium]] || 0.005%
|-
| Pb || [[Lead]] || 0.004%
|-
| Sb || [[Antimony]] || 0.000%
|}

===Components===
Vacuum inside the closed mold is achieved using a 4,000-litre tank made by Fondarex in Switzerland.<ref name="fp-20201214-vacuum">{{cite news|url=https://www.foundry-planet.com/d/giga-castings-not-a-wild-idea-anymore-but-a-market-trend-to-follow/|title=Giga Castings, not a wild idea anymore, but a market trend to follow|work=Foundry Planet|date=2020-12-14|access-date=2020-12-17|quote=Fondarex … vacuum systems Modular Cell 6C 4000 liter tank [built] in our workshop in [[Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz|St-Légier]] – Switzerland, now equip the first 6 Giga Presses in the world … with 6 fully independent vacuum channels connected to the die and setting one channel dedicated to the shot sleeve. … evacuation capacity of this vacuum system allows the production of large structural castings  … [Idra] … two Giga Presses in production … and we will be delivering another two machines before the end of 2020 into Europe. This will be followed by an additional eight machines in 2021 for the production of underbody castings. … 20th of August [2020] the first batch of mega castings were produced thanks to the new patented Idra 5S injection system.}}</ref>

Molten metal is pumped through heated pipes, and rotary degassing is performed to reduce [[porosity]].<ref name="keller-2021-01-12">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.foundrymag.com/melt-pour/article/21152204/emerging-trend-larger-automotive-cast-parts-molten-metal-equipment-innovations|first=Jeff|last=Keller|date=2021-01-12|access-date=2021-01-18|department=Melt Pour|magazine=Foundry Magazine|title=Larger Automotive Castings Drive Innovation in Molten Metal Delivery|quote=creation of closed-loop systems in which alloys can be recycled and repurposed for a consistent application, almost infinitely. … reduce the total number of parts needed for vehicle assembly … over 70 parts were eliminated from the overall assembly. … new project at [[Tesla, Inc.|a large, California-based OEM of electric vehicles.]] … 105 kgs of molten aluminum … delivered in each shot. … solution requires a pump that can deliver this amount of metal to the diecasting machine. A second MMEI pump … is used to measure the biscuit after each dose … In testing … 4 seconds delivery time, … in production 7-8 seconds is the rate. … proprietary heated-launder piping that maintains constant metal temperature throughout the process. … incorporated a rotary degasser into the system to ensure the highest degree of metal quality and to prevent any porosity from getting into the part.}}</ref>

Steps and machinery involved: {{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
* StrikoMelter Melting and Holding Furnace ({{convert|850|°C|°F|disp=comma}})
* Holding oven (~{{convert|750|-|850|°C|°F|disp=comma}})
* Giga Press ("DCM"‒Die-casting machine)
* Quench oil tank
* Mechanical trim press
* [[X-Ray machine]] ([[porosity]] check)
* Laser trim
* Drill and tap (machining)
* Laser scanning ([[coordinate-measuring machine]], {{abbr|CMM|coordinate-measuring machine}})
* Fastener insertion
* [[Scrap metal shredder]] (immediate [[closed loop recycling]] of aluminium offcuts)
* Vacuum system

[[File:20200922-giga-press-idra-ol6100cs-tesla-fremont-dcm2-plattens-toggle-crop.png|thumb|center|upright=2.4|Internals of second Tesla-customised Idra {{nowrap|OL 6100 CS}} Giga Press, with gap for die casting molds, between plattens and moving compression toggles]]

==History==

===Tesla===
[[File:Part of the Tesla frame.jpg|thumb|Gigacasted part of Tesla chassis]]
In 2019 [[Jerome Guillen]] indicated that [[Tesla Automation]] were working on a "giant, giant, giant machine" to "make full-size cars in the same way that toy cars are made".<ref name="shahan-20190623"/>
{{Quote box
|text=With our giant casting machines, we are literally trying to make full-size cars in the same way that toy cars are made
|author=[[Elon Musk]]
|source=(18 January 2021)<ref name="musk-20210118-toy-cars">{{cite twitter|number=1351056061759967240|title=With our giant casting machines, we are literally trying to make full-size cars in the same way that toy cars are made|date=2021-01-18|first=Elon|last=Musk|authorlink=Elon Musk|user=elonmusk}}</ref>
|width=250px}}

In April 2020, Tesla CEO [[Elon Musk]] said that Tesla had purchased the two biggest casting machines in the world to cast the [[Tesla Model Y]] rear chassis and crash rails.<ref name="musk-third-row-20200414"/><ref name="musk-20200813"/> In January 2021, Musk stated that the rear chassis of the [[Tesla Cybertruck]] would be produced using a casting machine larger than {{convert|8000|tf|kN|adj=on|sigfig=1}}.<ref name="musk-giga-8k">{{cite interview|first=Elon|last=Musk|authorlink=Elon Musk|date=2021-01-27 <!-- |access-date=2021-01-28  -->|title=Tesla Q4 2020 Earnings Call}}</ref>{{needs verification|date=December 2023}}<!-- needs url to verify this citation -->

As of October 2021, Tesla had five casting machines installed at [[Giga Shanghai]], two machines installed at [[Tesla Factory]] in Fremont, two machines installed at [[Giga Berlin]], and two machines going into [[Giga Texas]]—plus foundations in preparation for many additional Giga Press machines.{{cn|date=July 2023}}<!-- High-level overview, summarising previously-deleted citations used in /* Deployment */ section -->

[[File:2022-06-29-idra-italy-open-house-giga-press-9000t-john-stokes-sandy-munro.jpg|thumb|right|Compression plates of OL 9000 CS (9000 tonne·force) Giga Press, photographed in Italy during Idra Open House tour (2022)]]
During May/June 2022, Idra were assembling a {{convert|9000|tf|kN}} Giga Press.{{where|date=July 2023}}<ref name="djohn-20220522">{{cite news|url=https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/idra-assembling-9000-ton-giga-press-preview-next-month/|title=IDRA begins assembling 9,000 ton Giga Press, will hold open house preview next month|date=2022-05-23|work=Drive Tesla|location=Canada|last=John |first=Darryn|access-date=2022-05-24|quote=IDRA shared a photo of the 9,000 ton Giga Press … with an employee standing in front of it. If the employee is about 6 feet tall, we estimate the machine is close to 25 feet tall.  … currently being assembled at their facility in [[Travagliato]], Italy}}</ref>
{{asof|2023|12}}, two 9,000 ton presses were available at GigaTexas to cast [[Cybertruck]] rears, while Cybertruck front castings are cast on a 6500-ton press that is shared for casting Model Y frames. Total GigaPresses at Texas were two 9,000 ton plus four of the smaller presses.<ref name=TeslaEngrTeam20231211>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5zDNaY1fvI |title=Cybertruck DEEP DIVE with 5 Tesla Executives! |date=11 December 2023 |people=[[Sandy Munro]], [[Lars Moravy]], [[Franz von Holzhausen]], [[Drew Baglino]], Pete Bannon, David Lau |publisher=[[Munro Live]] |place=Austin, Texas |time=26:40–34:15 |access-date=23 December 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref><!-- Tesla head of engineering Baglino states that when they started Cybertruck design, they thought they "would need 8000 tons" for the Cybertruck front casting but better design reduced that requirement to 6500 tons.  Also, that they have got the cycle time down sufficiently that they need only one press for the front and one for the rear to mfg Cybertruck body castings at full production rate. They use self-tapping inserts to avoid/reduce post-casting machining. per refname TeslaEngrTeam20231211-->

====Fremont{{anchor|California}}====
[[File:20200922-giga-press-idra-ol6100cs-tesla-fremont-dcm1-robot-megacasting-crop.png|thumb|right|Robot immediately after removing completed [[Tesla Model Y]] rear megacasting from Die Casting Machine #1 (DCM1) at [[Tesla Factory]] in September 2020]]
In June 2020, permits for [[foundation (engineering)|foundations]] to support the Giga Press at Fremont were issued<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2020-06344"/><ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00972"/> with Tesla filing permit applications for construction work in preparation for Die-Casting Machine #2 ({{abbr|DCM2|Die-Casting Machine #2}}) in July 2022.<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00297" /><ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00494" />
During September 2020 DCM1 started producing trial runs of Model Y castings and DCM2 had been installed.<ref name="alvarez-20200910" />

On 11 March 2021, one of the Fremont presses suffered a fire, caused by molten aluminium igniting hydraulic fluid. No injuries were reported.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lambert |first1=Fred |title=Tesla's giant stamping machine caught on fire at Fremont factory |url=https://electrek.co/2021/03/11/tesla-giant-stamping-machine-caught-on-fire-fremont-factory/ |website=Electrek |date=12 March 2021 |publisher=Elektrek |access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref>

====Germany====
{{As of|2020|07}} plans for [[Giga Berlin]] included eight {{convert|6100|tf|kN|adj=on}} die casting machines.<ref name="gf4-20200624-p139"/><ref name="reuters-20200908"/> (Located at {{coord|52.397|13.793|dim:200_region:DE_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Tesla Die Casting Machine building: 8 foundations for Giga Press / 6100-tonne}}.)

European Model Y cars have front and rear cast chassis sections.<ref name="teslamag-20200922"/> The first two European Giga Press machines were planned to be delivered to Giga Berlin by the start of 2021.<ref name="fp-20201214-vacuum"/>

====Shanghai====
[[File:Tesla-giga-shanghai-locally-produced-lk-gigapress-platten.png|thumb|Unloading a compression platten (bottom-left) at [[Giga Shanghai]] (July 2020)]]
By October 2020, three locally-made LK Machinery Impress-Plus DCC6000 machines were undergoing assembly for Model Y production.<ref name="tesla-2020q3-update">{{cite press release|url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/4E7BR9_TSLA_Q3_2020_Update_P0Q85U.pdf|page=15|title=Gigafactory Shanghai - Model Y Die Cast|work=Q3 2020 Update|date=2020-10-21|access-date=2020-10-21|first=Martin|last=Viecha|publisher=[[Tesla, Inc.]]}}</ref> (Located at {{coord|30.872|121.772|dim:200_region:DE_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Tesla Die Casting Machine: 3 Impress-Plus DCC6000}}.) As of October 2021, five machines were available.<ref name="tesla-2021q3-update">{{cite press release|url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/TWPKBV_TSLA_Q3_2021_Quarterly_Update_SI1AKE.pdf|title=Gigafactory Shanghai ‒ Giga Presses|page=17|format=photograph|work=Q3 2021 Update|date=2021-10-20|access-date=2021-10-21|first=Martin|last=Viecha|publisher=[[Tesla, Inc.]]}}</ref>

====Texas====
[[File:2021-01-18-tesla-giga-texas-casting-giga-press-foundations-x3-rebar.jpg|thumb|Construction workers preparing three Giga Press foundations at [[Giga Texas]] in January 2021]]
For [[Tesla Model Y]] car production at [[Giga Texas]] beginning in 2022, Tesla began to deploy<!-- the castings were made at Giga Texas; but the earliest year+ of production from Texas were not exclusively single-piece castings; they transitioned to it/are transitioning to it, over time, in part as 4680 battery cells become more available for the structural battery pack that is used with that build version --> a single-piece front in addition to the existing single-piece rear casting.<ref name="musk-20220407">{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiwUE_2JhvY&t=39m45s|series=Cyber Rodeo at Giga Texas|title=Giga Press: Single cast front & rear underbodies|publisher=Tesla|via=Youtube|first=Elon|last=Musk|authorlink=Elon Musk|date=2022-04-07|access-date=2022-04-08|type=offset 39:45|quote=It's a revolution in car manufacturing to basically make a car out of three major parts: a cast rear, a structural pack, and a cast front.  What you are looking are the biggest casting machines ever made.  It's kind of a crazy thing to make a car this way, it has never been done before.  When we were trying to figure this out, there were six major casting manufacturers in the world: we called six, five said 'no', one said 'maybe' … that sounds like a 'yes'.  … It was a lot of effort and great ideas from the team—we've made the world's biggest casting machine work very efficiently to create, and radically simplify the manufacturing of the car.}}</ref>

During the night of 18/19 January 2021, concrete foundations for three Giga Press machines were poured at the [[Giga Texas]] factory location near [[Austin, Texas]].<ref name="randy-texas-2021-01-18-prepour">{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLunLvjdSkQ&t=4m30s|series=Tesla Terafactory Texas Update|number=94|title=Exceptional Weekend Progress - [2021-01-18] (5:00pm)|via=YouTube|author=Randy|date=2021-01-18|access-date=2021-01-20|type=offset 04:30}}</ref><ref name="texas-2021-01-19-postpour">{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhNY3J6FHRA&t=16m30s|series=Tesla Gigafactory Texas|date=2021-01-19|title=Cyber Truck & Model Y Factory Construction Update (07:45AM)|first=Joe|last=Tegtmeyer|type=offset 16:30|via=Youtube}}</ref>
({{coord|30.22|-97.617|dim:500_region:US-TX_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Tesla Die Casting Machine: 3 foundations for Giga Press}})

On 21 January 2021 the first Giga Press components started to arrive on site.<ref name="austin-on-site-2021-01-21">{{cite twitter|number=1352410094747709441|title=Giga Press on site at Giga Texas!|date=2021-01-21|author=Tesla Owners of Austin|user=AustinTeslaClub}}</ref><ref name="roberts-2021-01-21-idra-giga-press">{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNv_log3NQU&t=9m48s&|first=Jeff|last=Roberts|date=2021-01-21|access-date=2021-01-22|location=Del Valle|series=Tesla Gigafactory Austin 4K|issue=Day 183|title=Idra Giga Press Casting Machines are at Giga Texas! - [2021-01-21]|type=offset 09:48}}</ref><ref name="boschetzky-20210131">{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxXRBIRCUOg&t=13m20s|title=Sunset into the Night Tesla TeraTexas GigaTexas Austin Cybertruck Gigafactory construction process|date=2021-01-31|access-date=2021-02-01|first=Bryan|last=Roschetzky|via=Youtube|type=offset 06:30, 06:50, 13:20}}</ref>

{{As of|2021|02|02}}, all major components of the first Giga Press at the Austin site had been craned into place.<ref name="randy-20210203-420">{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69Ah8m9tIqc&t=4m10s|via=Youtube|series=Tesla Terafactory Texas Update|number=104|title=Daily Progress Update - [2021-02-02 17:00]|author=Randy|date=2021-02-03|access-date=2021-02-05|type=offset 4:10}}</ref>

On 15 April 2021, components for a second Giga Press started arriving at Giga Texas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-giga-press-2-texas-pictures/|title=Tesla Gigafactory Texas gets its second Giga Press machine|work=Teslarati|date=2021-04-15|access-date=2021-04-17}}</ref><!-- note: while Tesla WILL use the large single-unit castings as a key part of the next-gen vehicle platform, it is not clear who the manufacturer will be.  Tesla has said they (now, in 2022) have other large casting press manufacturers besides Idra interested in making giga-large casting machines. -->

===Glovitech===
LK Technology delivered one Impress-Plus DCC 6000 machine for Glovitech of South Korea, installed in the Vân Trung Industrial Zone, [[Việt Yên]], [[Bắc Giang Province]], Vietnam.<ref name="foundry-planet-20210417">{{cite news|url=https://www.foundry-planet.com/d/lk-6000-plus-die-casting-cell-for-vietnam-s-5g-ultra-large-housing-production/|title=LK 6000 Plus die casting cell for Vietnam's 5G ultra large housing production|work=Foundry Planet|date=2021-03-28|access-date=2021-04-17|quote=Vietnam factory. The 6000T die-casting machine … clamping force of more than 60,000KN. … South Korea's Glovitech company. … Glovitech's factory in {{abbr|Van trung|Vân Trung}} industrial zone, [[Việt Yên]], to produce 5G tele-communication base station (RF unit) housing products. Glovitech mentioned that it has successfully achieved the world's first ultra-large 5G RF unit housing production.}}</ref> The machine is used for producing large [[Faraday cage]]s (radio-frequency enclosures) for [[5G]] mobile base stations.<ref name="foundry-planet-20210417"/> The machine was delivered in December 2020, and produced its first castings in March 2021.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.lkmachinery.com.tw/en/news_detail.php?type=&nid=313|title=LK 6000-ton die casting machine was put into production at customer's factory|date=2021-03-20|access-date=2021-04-17|publisher=LK Machinery|quote=1 set of 4,000-ton and 1 set of 6,000-ton … December 2020, arrived at the Glovitech Vietnam factory … In March 2021, … 5G RF unit housing was successfully produced.}}</ref>

=== Japan ===
In June 2023 [[Toyota]] announced that it was adopting casting technology for its electric vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Showcases Its Own Giga Casting In A Bid To Lower EV Costs |url=https://insideevs.com/news/671943/toyota-giga-casting/ |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=InsideEVs |language=en}}</ref>

In 2023 Japanese auto parts supplier [[Ryobi]] announced plans to cast large electric-vehicle body parts and expects to reduce car body manufacturing costs by 20%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NAOSHIGE |first=SHIMIZU |date=July 9, 2023 |title=Japan's auto parts maker Ryobi to 'gigacast' EV body components |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/Japan-s-auto-parts-maker-Ryobi-to-gigacast-EV-body-components |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Volvo===
By November 2023, orders had been placed for two 9000-tonnes-force Giga Press machines for a new Volvo electric vehicle factory at [[Košice]], Slovakia.<ref name="idra-20231108-volvo">{{cite press release|url=https://idragroup.com/en/news/two-gigapress-9000-tons-volvo-cars|title=Two gigapress 9,000 tons at Volvo Cars|date=2023-11-08|access-date=2023-11-29|quote=contract by Volvo Cars to install two 9,000 tons GigaPress machines at a greenfield site in [[Košice]]|publisher=Idra Group|department=News|work=Idra website}}</ref>

=== 2.0 ===
In September 2023 Tesla was reported to be considering a single-piece casting for entire underbody of its to-be-announced "small car", an easier task than single-casting their existing, larger models. This required learning how to use larger Giga Press machines, reduce mold design costs, and incorporate hollow subframes. Key innovations include using 3D printing to make cast prototypes with industrial sand.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Shirouzu |first=Norihiko |date=2023-09-14 |title=Tesla reinvents carmaking with quiet breakthrough |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/gigacasting-20-tesla-reinvents-carmaking-with-quiet-breakthrough-2023-09-14/ |access-date=2023-09-14}}</ref>

Making a large metal cast can cost $1.5 million. Typically, multiple iterations and tweaks are required, at great expense.<ref name=":0" />

Binder jet printers build casts out of layers of sand stabilized with a liquid binder at a fraction of the cost of using metal and in a fraction of the time. Hollow elements are created after the cast is made by removing sections of sand added during the casting. Parts cast in sand molds require different aluminium alloys and post-cast processing to meet safety and other requirements. Production casting would continue to use metal casts.<ref name=":0" />

The press would need clamping power of 16,000 tons or more, the largest ever made, although this pressure might prevent the use of sand to make hollows. A different type of press would inject molten alloy more slowly that would allow sand cores and produce higher quality castings, although at a slower pace.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="ferrario-20181011">{{cite interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHDGM429Ra4&t=1m|type=offset 01:00|title=PDC School interviews Riccardo Ferrario, Idra General Manager|first=Riccardo|last=Ferrario|publisher=Idra|via=Youtube|date=2018-10-11|access-date=2020-04-24|language=it|quote=Quali innovazioni propone Idra, nel settore delle pressofusioni … La Idra a costruito per prima di tutti i nostri concorrenti una presse da quattromila duecento (4,200) tonnellate. Ora siamo orgogliosi di potervi dire che abbiamo a catalogo la mille-cinque, cinquecento (5,500) tonnellate e anche la seimilacinquecento (6,500) tonnellate.}}</ref>

<ref name="amafond-20180201">{{cite web|url=http://www.amafond.com/in/news.php?id_news=123|publisher=Asosiasi Italia Pemasok Foundries|date=2018-02-01|accessdate=2020-04-20|title=Idra introduces the world's largest die cast machine|quote=capable to produce castings well beyond 80 {{abbr|kgs|kilogrammes}} in weight over an unbeaten maximum allowed projected area. … manufacture of high-integrity Aluminium and Magnesium Die Cast components for the automotive sector, with focus on structural and safety critical components. … Injection velocity exceeding requirements of 10 {{abbr|m/sec|metres per second}}|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419082241/http://www.amafond.com/in/news.php?id_news=123|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="ol5500cs-20190604">{{cite web|url=https://www.idragroup.com/images/pdf/OL5500CSTechDatasheet.pdf|title=OL 5500 CS|publisher=Idra|series=Technical data sheet|date=2019-06-04|access-date=2020-04-20|language=en|quote=Clamping force: kN 55.000; Ton 5.607 … Tie bar spacing: mm 2300x2300 … Tie bar diameter mm 450 … Max. shot weight (Al alloy): kg 84 … Dry Cycles (as per DIN 24480) n/1’ 1,5 … Pumps motors power; kW 4x90 … Machine weight: Ton 410 … Machine dimensions (LxWxH): m 19.2x6.9{{sic}}x5.22|archive-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528002904/https://www.idragroup.com/images/pdf/OL5500CSTechDatasheet.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="idra-catalogue-201906">{{cite report|url=https://www.idragroup.com/images/pdf/Brochure_OLCS-en.pdf|title=OL CS Compact Series
|type=Brochure|date=2019-07-04|access-date=2020-04-24|page=2|publisher=Idra|language=en|quote=OL 5500 CS … Pumps motors power: kW 2x132}}</ref>

<ref name="shahan-20190623">{{cite interview|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2019/06/23/our-interview-with-tesla-president-jerome-guillen-part-deux/|title=Our Interview With Tesla President Jerome Guillen, Part Deux|date=2019-06-23|interviewer=Zachary Shahan|first=Jerome|last=Guillen|authorlink=Jerome Guillen|work=Cleantechnica|accessdate=2020-04-20|language=en|quote=building a giant machine using [[Tesla Grohmann Automation|Tesla's Grohmann sub-division]], … emphasized that it was a "giant, giant, giant machine" that duplicates everything, is modular, is simple on the modular level, and … is gigantic.}}</ref>
<!--
<ref name="lk-factory-tour-20191127">{{cite web|url=https://www.lk.world/en/news_detail.php?type=1&nid=220|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515102703/https://www.lk.world/en/news_detail.php?type=1&nid=220|archive-date=2020-05-15|title=Expert craftsmanship casting the future – LK 40th anniversary event|location=Shenzhen|date=2019-11-27|access-date=2020-05-15|quote=IDRA, sister brand of LK, delivered 5500T die casting unit to a North American customer in 2019. Also the world's first 6000T die casting unit will be delivered to [[Tesla, Inc.|a US customer, for new energy vehicle]] structural parts manufacturing. … After the seminar, the crowd attended the factory open house of Shenzhen Leadwell Technology industrial park, to gain a better knowledge on smart die casting equipment, IDRA Xpress die casting machine and the world's first 6000T die casting cell. … During the factory open house, LK Group debuted the world's first 6000T die casting cell, named as IMPRESS-PLUS DCC6000. … most powerful die casting unit in the world.|type=with tour photographs|language=en}}</ref> -->

<ref name="musk-third-row-20200414">{{cite interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pih4kU6yvz8&t=9m29s|title=Tesla Manufacturing with Sandy Munro and Elon Musk!|work=Third Row Tesla|issue=Episode 14|date=2020-04-14|accessdate=2020-04-20|type=offset 09:29|first=Elon|last=Musk|subject-link=Elon Musk|first2=Sandy|last2=Munro|language=en|quote=The current version of the [[Tesla Model Y|Model Y]] has basically two big high pressure die casting aluminium castings that are joined, then there are still a bunch of other bits that are attached.  And then later this year we will transition to the rear underbody being a single-piece casting that also integrates the rear crash rails. … It gets better: the current castings—because they have to interface to so many things—we have to CNC machine them; CNC the interfaces … the single-piece casting has no CNC machining; it doesn't even have [[datum reference|datums]]. … (10:36) It does require the world's biggest casting machine, which we have two off.  Basically around a 6,000-tonne casting machine—the size of a small house basically.  One coming from Italy, and one coming from China.  We should be starting to set up the one from Italy, … next month. … about a 30% reduction in the size of the body shop … (12:59) going back and retro-fitting the [[Tesla Model 3|Model 3]] production at Fremont with a single-piece casting—it might be something we'd do, but it would probably in two years or something like that…}}</ref>

<ref name="visnic-20200602">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.sae.org/news/2020/06/tesla-model-y-big-castings|title=Tesla casts a new strategy for lightweight structures|magazine=Automotive Engineering|issn=2331-7647<!--digital version-->|volume=7|issue=5<!--extrapolated from previous May 2020 issue number-->|publisher=[[SAE International]]|date=2020-06-02|access-date=2020-06-03|first=Bill|last=Visnic|quote=world's largest aluminum die-casting machine to manufacture entire rear underbody structures. … Tesla is the first customer for IDRA's hulking OL6100 CS (with upgraded locking force to handle the special Tesla casting), destined for installation in the [[Tesla Factory|company's Fremont, California]] and [[Giga Shanghai|Shanghai, China, plants]]. IDRA's "Giga Press" measures some 64 feet (19.5 m) long and 17 feet (5.3 m) tall. Along with the higher clamping force is a maximum aluminum-alloy "shot" weight of 104.6 kg (231 lb). … weighing in excess of 410 tons.}}</ref> 
<!--
<ref name="tesla-lead-job-202006">{{cite news|number=63334|title=Castings Tooling & Process Engineer|location=Fremont, California|department=Manufacturing|url=https://www.tesla.com/careers/job/castings-toolingprocessengineer-63334|publisher=[[Tesla, Inc.]]|access-date=2020-06-08|type=job advert|quote=Leads all Tooling & Process Engineering activities associated with the startup and ramp of a brand-new casting cell with the largest {{abbr|HPDC|High-Pressure Die Casting}} machine ever made.|archive-date=9 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609040526/https://www.tesla.com/careers/job/castings-toolingprocessengineer-63334|url-status=dead}}</ref> -->

<ref name="gf4-20200624-p139">{{cite report|url=https://www.uvp-verbund.de/documents/ingrid-group_ige-iplug-bb/94AFADF0-92F1-44EA-AA54-E1CD7C0FF6AD/CD%201%20-%20Auslegung%20Gesamt%20Tesla%20Manufacturing%20Brandenburg%20SE_V2_24-06-2020.pdf|type=[[Environmental impact assessment]]|title=3.4 Betriebsgebäude, Maschinen, Apparate und Behälter|trans-title=3.4 Company buildings, machines, apparatus and containers|page=139|work=Errichtung und Betrieb einer Anlage für den Bau und die Montage von Elektrofahrzeugen mit einer Kapazität von jeweils 100.000 Stück oder mehr je Jahr am Standort 15537 Grünheide (Mark) - Reg.-Nr.: G07819|trans-work=Construction and operation of a factory for the construction and assembly of electric vehicles with a capacity of 100,000+ cars per year, at location 15537 in Grünheide (Mark) - registration number: G07819|author=Tesla Manufacturing Brandenburg SE|date=2020-06-24|version=2|via=Landesbetrieb Geoinformation und Vermessung|language=de|quote={{abbr|Nr.|Nummar}}: A002-00 … Betriebseinheit: Gießerei (Casting) … Machine Nr.: A002-00-0x-04 … 8 {{abbr|x|×}} Die Cast Machine ({{abbr|DCM|Die Casting Machine}}, {{lang|de|Druckgussmaschine}}) … 6100 [tonnes·force] … {{abbr|Stärke t|tonnes·force}} … {{abbr|N|neu}}}}</ref>

<!-- <ref name="eva-fox-20200805">{{cite news|url=https://www.tesmanian.com/blogs/tesmanian-blog/tesla-model-y-giant-casting-machine-with-paint-shop-already-in-fremont-factory|title=Tesla Model Y Giant Casting Machine with Paint Shop Already in Fremont Factory|work=Teslamanian|first=Eva|last=Fox|date=2020-08-05|access-date=2020-08-09}}</ref> -->

<ref name="musk-20200813">{{cite twitter|number=1293923058109960192|date=2020-08-14|access-date=2020-08-14|first=Elon|last=Musk|user=elonmusk|authorlink=Elon Musk|title=Will be amazing to see it in operation! Biggest casting machine ever made. Will make rear body in a single piece, including crash rails.}}</ref>

<ref name="reuters-20200908">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-manufacturing-berlin/move-aside-robots-tesla-bets-on-aluminium-casting-idUSKBN25Z1NK|title=Move aside robots, Tesla bets on aluminium casting|date=2020-09-08|access-date=2020-09-10|first1=Edward|last1=Taylor|first2=Paul|last2=Lienert|editor1-first=Mark|editor1-last=Potter|work=[[Reuters]]|quote=for Tesla’s new car factory in Germany, which plans to replace hundreds of them with giant aluminium casting machines to build simpler chassis parts … [[Giga Berlin|new plant in Brandenburg, near Berlin]], would be supplied with eight "{{abbr|Gigapress|Giga Press}}" machines. … Injecting molten aluminium into a cast and having robots pull out the moulded metal allows Tesla to combine several manufacturing steps. … reduced the rear underbody to two parts, forming the largest piece of aluminium that {{abbr|Munro|Sandy Munro}} has seen in 30 years}}</ref>

<ref name="alvarez-20200910">{{cite news|url=https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-model-y-unibody-casts-sighting-video/|title=Tesla Model Y single-piece rear casts spotted in Fremont factory|work=Teslarati|date=2020-09-10|access-date=2020-09-10|first=Simon|last=Alvarez|quote=electric car maker has begun to test the production of the Model Y's single-piece rear casts. … deploying … a second "Giga Press" machine on the grounds of the Fremont factory. … two of these machines in the Fremont Factory, and one is already producing … single-piece casts for the Model Y's rear subframe. … [[Giga Shanghai|Gigafactory Shanghai]] also receiving a "Giga Press" for its Model Y production … [[Giga Berlin]] will deploy a whopping eight "Giga Presses" for its operations.}}</ref>
<!--
<ref name="bridie-20200904">{{cite news|url=https://thedriven.io/2020/09/04/radically-redesigned-tesla-model-y-to-be-built-in-berlin-musk-says/|work=Driven|first=Bridie|last=Schmidt|date=2020-09-04|access-date=2020-09-20|title="Radically" redesigned Tesla Model Y to be built in Berlin, Musk says|quote=Musk said that, "there's a bunch of innovative stuff that we will be doing here that we will tell you about in the future. … It's not just a copy of the [[Tesla Model Y|Model Y]], it's actually a radical redesign of the core technology of building a car, … It will be the first time that there’s going to be a transformation in the core structural design of the vehicle. It's quite a big thing."}}</ref> -->

<ref name="teslamag-20200922">{{cite magazine|url=https://teslamag.de/news/exklusiv-tesla-deutsches-model-y-vorderes-rahmen-teil-guss-an-einem-stueck-29990|title=Exklusiv: Tesla will bei deutschem Model Y vorderes Rahmen-Teil an einem Stück gießen|trans-title=Exclusive: Tesla wants to cast the front frame part in one piece for German Model Y|date=2020-09-18|access-date=2020-09-20|magazine=TeslaMag|location=Germany|editor1-first=Sascha|editor1-last=Mattke|language=de|quote=Woche Evan Horetsky, bei Tesla verantwortlich für den Bau der deutschen Gigafactory … geht Tesla in Grünheide damit aber trotzdem: Auch der vordere Teil des Rahmens für das [[Tesla Model Y|Model Y]] werde dort im Guss-Verfahren entstehen, sagte Horetsky. … erklärte aber, der Front-Rahmen des deutschen Model Y werde wie bald das Heck in Fremont aus einem Stück gegossen. … eine oder maximal zwei der Giga-Pressen. Auf die Frage, warum dann in Grünheide gleich acht davon vorgesehen sind, sagte Horetsky, Tesla wolle dort eben sehr schnell sehr viele Teile gießen können.}}</ref>
}}

=== Fremont permits ===
{{reflist|group=f|liststyle=lower-alpha|refs=

<!-- F20-0048-A ? 
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2020-05639">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|number=BLD2020-05639|date=2020-05-05|title=Tesla F20-0048 - Castings {{abbr|Demo|Demolition}}|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=00CWW|quote=Remove [[car wash]] equipment including tank, filters, pumps with associate piping and accessories as well as associated electrical and civil components … $576 paid}}</ref>-->
<!--https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=00CWW-->

<!-- F20-0048-B ?
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2020-06008">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|number=BLD2020-06008|date=2020-05-20|title=({{abbr|Elec|Electrical}}) Tesla F20-0048 Casting Arch and associated {{abbr|MEP|mechanical, electrical, and plumbing}}|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=00DJS|quote=Architectural and [[mechanical, electrical, and plumbing|MEP]] for pre engineered metal canopy structure. … $6,843 paid}}</ref> -->
<!--https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=00DJS-->

<!-- F20-0048-C ? -->
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2020-06344">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|number=BLD2020-06344|date=2020-06-11|title=({{abbr|Elec|Electrical}}) Tesla F20-0048 {{abbr|DCM|Die-casting machine}} Foundations|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=00E4S|quote=Die cast machine support [[skid mount|skid]]. … $517.00 paid}}</ref>
<!--https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=00E4S-->

<!-- F20-0048-
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2020-06699">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|number=BLD2020-06699|date=2020-06-25|title=F20-0048-D TCO Platform & X-Platform|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|quote=Install TCO Platform and {{abbr|X Platform|Cross-Platform}} at the north end of site.|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=00ETL}}</ref> -->
<!--https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=00ETL-->

<!-- F20-0048-E ?
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00126">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|number=BLD2021-00126|date=2020-07-07|title=F20-0048 Drill & Tap {{abbr|Demo|Demolition}}|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=0006U|quote=prepare existing factory for new manufacturing line. … demolish existing lighting above and below the mezzanine. … relocate existing panels … transformers and [[intermediate distribution frame|IDF]] cabinets that are blocking future tools to new location. … relocate compressed air header – raise elevation approximately 6’-0” (must be done before tying in for {{abbr|DCM1|Die-casting machine #1}}) … reroute domestic water piping (that feeds maintenance shop)}}</ref> -->
<!--https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=0006U-->

<!-- F20-0048-F -->
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00297">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|number=BLD2021-00297|date=2020-07-09|access-date=2020-07-13|title=F20-0048-F {{abbr|DCM2|Die-Casting Machine #2}} Arch & {{abbr|MEP|Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing}}|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=000LI|quote=process cooling water & natural gas piping distribution design from existing ab utility mains to new casting area outside. … new trade waste piping from the tie point inside the building to {{abbr|DCM2|Die-Casting Machine #2}} area with pipes, pumps & accessories.}}</ref>
<!--https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=000LI-->

<!-- F20-0048-G ?? --
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00xxx">''(missing in sequence)''</ref>
-->
<!-- F20-0048-H ?? --
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00yyy">''(missing in sequence)''</ref>
-->

<!-- F20-0048-I 
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00447">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|number=BLD2021-00447|date=2020-07-14|title=F20-0048-I {{abbr|D&T|Drill and Tap}} Pit-Infill|quote=Structural: Pit infill and foundations for new manufacturing equipment.|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=000WT}}</ref> -->
<!-- https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=000WT -->

<!-- F20-0048-J -->
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00494">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|number=BLD2021-00494|date=2020-07-16|title=F20-0048-J Foundations #2|quote=Foundations for #2|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=000Z3}}</ref>
<!-- https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=000Z3 -->

<!-- F20-0048-K 
<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00496">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|number=BLD2021-00496|date=2020-07-16|title=F20-0048-K Canopy Design and Foundations|quote=Canopy and foundation design|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=000Z6}}</ref> -->
<!-- https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=000Z6 -->

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<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00493">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|number=BLD2021-00493|date=2020-07-16|title=F20-0048-L Furnace Platform|quote=Install TCU-Platform and {{abbr|X-|Cross-}}Platform|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=000Z2}}</ref> -->
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<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00972">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|number=BLD2021-00972|date=2020-08-03|title=F20-0048-M {{abbr|DCM|Die-Casting Machine}} Tool Anchorage|quote=F20-0048-M {{abbr|DCM1|Die-Casting Machine #1}} Tool Anchorage|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=001XY}}</ref>
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<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-00971">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|number=BLD2021-00971|date=2020-08-03|title=F20-0048-N {{abbr|D&T|Drill and Tap}} Utilities|quote=F20-0048-N Castings D&T Utilities|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=001XX}}</ref> -->
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<ref group="f" name="permit-BLD2021-01626">{{cite news|first=Robert|last=Molinar|author2=Tesla|publisher=[[Fremont, California|City of Fremont]]|department=Permitting|type=building permit application|number=BLD2021-01626|date=2020-08-28|title=Tesla - F20-0048 Test Lab IFP|quote=F20-0048 Test Lab IFP Facility Improvements|url=https://aca-prod.accela.com/COF/Cap/CapDetail.aspx?Module=Building&capID1=20CAP&capID2=00000&capID3=003BB}}</ref>-->
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}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{GeoGroup}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.idragroup.com/en/gigapress|title=Gigapress die-casting machine|work=Idra}}
* {{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn5SR-j-tHw&t=17s|title=Idra Introduces Idra OL 5500 CS|series=Intro Idra Group|date=2019-06-24|access-date=2020-04-24|via=Youtube|publisher=[[Idra Group]]|type=stock footage|quote=Idra Introduces Idra OL 5500 CS … perfect die casting machine for structure parts … think big … first production Giga Press sold … welcome to the future … welcome to the Giga Press}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dH8f08NorOA|title=IDRA Giga Press #3|type=factory assembly timelapse|via=Youtube|date=October 2020}}
* {{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6T9xIeZTds&t=1h20m13s|date=2020-09-22|title=Model Y Giga Casting|type=offset 1:20:53<!--was: 1:45:53 (and 2:26:53) before video was edited, then edited again!-->|work=2020 Annual Shareholder Meeting and Battery Day|publisher=[[Tesla, Inc.]]|via=Youtube|first1=Elon|last1=Musk|authorlink1=Elon Musk|first2=Drew|last2=Baglino|authorlink2=Drew Baglino|quote=[Elon Musk] single-piece casting for the front body and the rear body … we commissioned the largest casting machine that has ever been made, and it's currently working just over the road at our [[Tesla Factory|Fremont plant]] … our own alloy, because we wanted a high-strength casting alloy that did not require coatings or heat treatment. … interfaces to what we call the "structural battery" … filler that is a structural adhesive, as well as flame retardant, it effectively glues the cells to the upper and lower sheet … [[sandwich-structured composite|honeycomb sandwich with two basesheets]] … [Drew Baglino] worth another 7% dollars-per-kilowatt∙hour level reduction at the battery pack level}}
* {{cite twitter|number=1357503277722718212|author=Tesla|user=tesla|author-link=Tesla, Inc.|date=2021-02-05|access-date=2021-02-05|title=World's biggest die casting machine … It can cast front & rear vehicle underbodies in a single piece each — down from 70+ parts for same sections previously|type=Tweet with video}}
{{refend}}

{{Tesla, Inc.}}

[[Category:Giga Press| Giga Press]]
[[Category:Casting (manufacturing)]]
[[Category:Tesla, Inc.]]
[[Category:Press tools]]
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