Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Great Northern route

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Suburban rail service in Great Britain}}
{{About|the railway route|the current train operating company|Govia Thameslink Railway|the former train company|First Capital Connect}}
{{other uses|Great Northern (disambiguation){{!}}Great Northern|Great Northern Railway (disambiguation){{!}}Great Northern Railway}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox rail company
|name           = Great Northern
|logo_filename  = File:GreatNorthernLogo.svg
|image          = File:Great Northern Class 717 Desiro City at Bowes Park June 2019 No.2.jpg
|caption        = A [[British Rail Class 717|Class 717]] standing at {{rws|Bowes Park}} in 2019
|franchise      = {{unbulleted list|[[Thameslink (train operating company 1997–2006)|Thameslink]]<br />2 March 1997 – 31 March 2006|[[West Anglia Great Northern]]<br /> 5 January 1997 – 31 March 2004|Great Northern<br />1 April 2004 – 31 March 2006|Thameslink and Great Northern<br />1 April 2006 – 14 Sep 2014|Part of [[Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern]]<br />14 Sep 2014 – 1 April 2028<ref name = dft22 >{{Cite web |title=National Rail Contract Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern | url = https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1097662/govia-thameslink-railway-limited-2022-national-rail-contract.pdf | date = 24 March 2022 | access-date = 7 March 2023 | publisher = Department for Transport }}</ref>}}
|nameforarea    = region
|regions        = {{ubl|[[East of England]]|[[Greater London]]}}
|secregions     = 
|fleet          = {{plainlist|
*39 {{brc|387}} ''Electrostar'' sets
*25 {{brc|717}} ''Desiro City'' sets
}}
|abbr           = GN
|stations       = 54
|stationsop     = 
|routekm        = 
|parent_company = [[Govia Thameslink Railway]]
|website        = {{Official URL}}
|map            = [[File:Govia Thameslink Railway Map.svg|300px|Route map]]
|gauge          = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
|el             = {{ubl|[[25 kV AC|25 kV 50 Hz AC OHLE]]|750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct Current|DC]] [[third rail]]}}
}}
{{First Capital Connect services}}
The '''Great Northern''' route (formerly known as '''Great Northern Electrics''') is the name given to suburban rail services run on the southern end of Britain's [[East Coast Main Line]] and its associated branches. Services operate to or from {{rws|London King's Cross}} and {{rws|London Moorgate}} in London. Destinations include {{rws|Hertford North}}, {{rws|Welwyn Garden City}}, {{rws|Stevenage}}, and {{rws|Cambridge}}, and in peak hours, additional services run to {{rws|Peterborough}} and {{rws|King's Lynn}}. Services run through parts of [[Greater London]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[Bedfordshire]], [[Cambridgeshire]], and [[Norfolk]].

The route forms a major commuter route into London from Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and eastern Bedfordshire: ridership has grown rapidly over recent years. In 2009, rolling stock was transferred from other lines to allow additional services and longer trains to be run. In early 2018, the line was connected to the [[Thameslink]] route via a junction just south of the [[High Speed 1]] bridge, north of King's Cross, allowing through services to the south of London.

Since September 2014, the services have been operated by [[Govia Thameslink Railway]] (GTR). The Thameslink and Great Northern service brands were maintained and separated from each other.<ref>{{cite web|title=GTR (Govia Thameslink Railway) Presentation|url=http://assets.goaheadbus.com/media/cms_page_media/1256/GTR%20franchise%20presentation.pdf|access-date=10 July 2014|publisher=[[Govia]]}}</ref>

== Route ==
The network consists of all local and semi-fast services on these lines:
* [[East Coast Main Line]] south of [[Peterborough]]
* [[Northern City Line]]
* [[Hertford Loop Line]]
* [[Cambridge Line]]

Additionally, the main service on the [[Fen Line]] is provided as part of the route. All services are provided by [[Electric multiple unit|EMUs]].

At privatisation the services became part of [[West Anglia Great Northern]], becoming their sole route in 2004 when the West Anglia services were transferred to [[National Express East Anglia|'one']]. In April 2006 the services became the responsibility of [[First Capital Connect]]. In September 2014, the [[Department for Transport]] transferred the new [[Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern]] franchise to [[Govia Thameslink Railway]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Department for Transport|author-link=Department for Transport|title=New rail franchising deal set to transform passenger services across London and south east|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-rail-franchising-deal-set-to-transform-passenger-services-across-london-and-south-east|access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> In 2018, with the completion of the [[Thameslink Programme]], many services on the route became part of the [[Thameslink]] network, running through central London to destinations south of the [[River Thames]].

== History ==
The term Great Northern is related to the [[Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)|Great Northern Railway]], the original builders of the line.

The July 1922 [[Bradshaw's Railway Guide]] stated a typical rail service on the [[Cambridge Line]] as follows:<ref>{{cite book|last=|title=Bradshaw's July 1922 Railway Guide|publisher=Henry Blacklock & Company|year=1922|location=Manchester}}</ref>

* {{rws|London King's Cross}} to {{rws|Cambridge}} - Six stopping and two (three on Saturday) semi-fast services from Monday to Saturday, one northbound and two southbound stopping services on Sunday. The fastest service took about 1 hour 30 minutes.
* London King's Cross to {{rws|Royston}} - Two (three on Wednesday) additional services from Monday to Saturday, one additional service on Sunday.
* London King's Cross to {{rws|Baldock}} - Seven additional services from Monday to Saturday.
* London King's Cross to {{rws|Letchworth}} - Three additional services from Monday to Saturday. The last service on Wednesday ran past midnight into Thursday morning.

Since the 1960s, Great Northern has been used to describe the suburban part of the [[East Coast Main Line]], south of {{rws|Peterborough}} and south of {{rws|Royston}}. The Great Northern Railway had proposed electrification of part of the line in 1903, but it was not until 1971 that a scheme to electrify the line from {{rws|London King's Cross}} and {{rws|Moorgate}} was authorised.<ref name="GNS">{{cite web|author=British Railways Board|author-link=British Railways Board|title=Your New Electric Railway: The Great Northern Suburban Electrification|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRE_GNElectric1973.pdf|access-date=15 April 2010}}</ref>

{{See also|Northern City Line}}

The Inner Suburban Lines to {{rws|Welwyn Garden City}} and {{rws|Hertford North}} were electrified in 1976 with {{brc|313}} EMUs. In 1978 the electrification was complete to Royston with {{brc|312}} EMUs providing the service. The route was then promoted as the '''Great Northern Electrics'''.<ref name=GNS /> The route between Hertford and Langley Junction, south of {{rws|Stevenage}}, was also electrified but not regularly used by electric trains until 1979, when one Moorgate - Hertford service per hour was extended to {{rws|Letchworth Garden City}}; prior to this [[Diesel multiple unit|DMUs]] provided an infrequent service over this route, running between Hertford and {{rws|Huntingdon}} / Peterborough. From 1979 until 1987 DMUs provided the service between Hitchin and Huntingdon/Peterborough. DMUs also provided a shuttle service between Royston and Cambridge between 1978 and 1988, connecting with the electric trains and replacing the former through Cambridge buffet expresses between Kings Cross and the university city.

In 1982 [[Watton-at-Stone railway station|Watton-at-Stone station]] was reopened between Hertford and Stevenage. A new station also opened at {{rws|Welham Green}} in 1986.

With the further electrification of the [[East Coast Main Line]] between 1986 and 1988, electric services could be extended to Peterborough and the outer suburban service was changed from {{brc|312}} to {{brc|317}}, some of which were cascaded from the newly created [[Thameslink]] route, with the remainder newly built.

In 1984<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times|title=Major rail closures ruled out|department=Home News|date=26 April 1984|page=4|issue=61815|column=}}</ref> it was decided to electrify the line between Royston and Shepreth Branch Junction, a junction on the [[West Anglia Main Line]] north of {{rws|Shelford}}, allowing the reinstatement of through services to {{rws|Cambridge}} from London King's Cross via the [[East Coast Main Line]], which was faster than the conventional route from {{rws|Liverpool Street}} via the [[West Anglia Main Line]]. This electrification was completed in 1988. Later the track between these points was also upgraded with [[Rail tracks#Continuous welded rail|welded joint track]] instead of the [[Rail tracks#Jointed track|jointed track]] that had existed, and the maximum line speed was raised to 90&nbsp;mph.

Rapid growth on the route, especially on the [[Cambridge Line]] resulted in consultation on a new service pattern,<ref>{{cite web|last=|title=Cambridge Capacity Study|url=http://www.firstcapitalconnect.co.uk/Main.php?iCmsPageId=321|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402195524/http://www.firstcapitalconnect.co.uk/Main.php?iCmsPageId=321|archive-date=2 April 2010|access-date=14 March 2010|publisher=[[First Capital Connect]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref> which was then implemented at the timetable change in Spring 2009. During the peak hours, the route is now [[East Coast Main Line#Capacity problems|saturated]] and can support no further service improvements.

=== Hitchin Flyover ===
{{main|Hitchin Flyover}}

Together with the two-track [[Digswell Viaduct]] (Welwyn Viaduct) some ten miles to the south, the flat junction just north of {{rws|Hitchin}} was a major [[traffic bottleneck|bottleneck]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orr.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/5751/its_uleeds_app2.pdf|title=APPENDIX 2: Issues in defining and measuring railway capacity|date=13 February 2006|access-date=28 February 2014|page=2|publisher=[[Office of Rail Regulation]]}}</ref> as northbound trains diverging from the [[East Coast Main Line]] towards Letchworth and thence to Cambridge had to cross one northbound (fast) line and two southbound (fast and slow) lines to access the Cambridge Line. Proposals as part of the original electrification work envisaged a new underpass here and land was set aside for its construction. However, budgetary constraints forced this part of the programme to be abandoned. The land stood empty for many years, but has since been used to provide new housing.

A new plan<ref>{{cite web|author=Network Rail|author-link=Network Rail|title=Hitchin Flyover|url=http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/6397.aspx|access-date=28 February 2014}}</ref> and subsequent application for an order<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.networkrail.co.uk/documents/Consultation/Hitchin/6428_Hitchin%20-%20Statement%20of%20Case.pdf |author=Network Rail |author-link=Network Rail |access-date=15 April 2010 |title=The Network Rail Hitchin (Cambridge Junction) Order |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607023551/http://www.networkrail.co.uk/documents/Consultation/Hitchin/6428_Hitchin%20-%20Statement%20of%20Case.pdf |archive-date=7 June 2011 }}</ref> to build a flyover was approved, and construction was completed in June 2013. The scheme has created a new single-track line that diverges from the northbound slow line at a new junction just beyond Hitchin station, using a short embankment section of the former [[Bedford to Hitchin Line]], a section of which was cleared of vegetation and made progressively higher, to form a short ramp. The track is carried over the [[East Coast Main Line]] on a newly constructed viaduct and onto a new embankment to join the present [[Cambridge Line]] at the newly created Hitchin East Junction, closer to Letchworth. Although this takes trains over a longer distance, it removes the need for them to dwell at Hitchin &ndash; sometimes for several minutes &ndash; awaiting a path across the tracks of the main London-Peterborough route, thus decreasing the overall journey time to Cambridge in many instances. The scheme improves the punctuality and reliability of both the London-Cambridge and London-Peterborough routes, because Peterborough-bound stopping trains are no longer delayed if running closely behind a Cambridge service being held at Hitchin waiting to cross the flat junction.

===Thameslink programme===
{{main|Thameslink Programme}}
As part of the Thameslink Programme,<ref>{{cite web|author=First Capital Connect|author-link=First Capital Connect|title=2016 (Thameslink & Great Northern routes)|url=http://www.thameslinkprogramme.co.uk/cms/pages/view/31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402080415/http://www.thameslinkprogramme.co.uk/cms/pages/view/31|archive-date=2 April 2010|access-date=15 April 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> the Great Northern Route has been connected to the existing [[Thameslink]] route via a new junction at Belle Isle<ref>{{cite book |author=Network Rail |author-link=Network Rail |title=London North Eastern Sectional Appendix |volume=Module LNE |date=December 2006 |id=NR30018/02 |page=12 LOR LN101 Seq002}}</ref> (south of the [[High Speed 1]] flyover, just north of London King's Cross). Two single-bore tunnels (known as the [[Canal Tunnels]]) were driven from here to the low-level platforms at {{rws|St Pancras}} during the 'St Pancras Box' phase of the redevelopment works that created St Pancras International station. Trains diverging from the Great Northern Route at Belle Isle will join the 'core' St Pancras - {{rws|Farringdon}} - {{rws|City Thameslink}} - {{rws|Blackfriars}} section of the existing Thameslink route and then serve stations across [[Surrey]], [[East Sussex]], [[Kent]], and [[West Sussex]].

On 6 November 2017 the first Thameslink Programme units entered service on the Great Northern route.<ref name="railmag">{{cite web| title = Class 700s make Great Northern debut| url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/class-700s-make-great-northern-debut| publisher= railmagazine.com| access-date =2017-11-20}}</ref> 700128 worked the 0656 Peterborough - London King's Cross and 1812 return, while 700125 worked the 0733 Peterborough - London King's Cross and 1742 return. Eventually 75% of the GN fleet will be [[British Rail Class 700|Class 700]] units.<ref name="railmag"/>
{{Clear}}

==Services==
<section begin="service-table"/>
The Great Northern off-peak service pattern, as of May 2023, with frequencies in ''trains per hour'' (tph), consists of the following:<ref name="tt024">{{NRtimes|May 2020|24}}</ref><ref name="tt025">{{NRtimes|May 2020|25}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! width="250px" | '''Route''' || '''{{abbr|tph|trains per hour}}''' || '''Calling at'''
|-
| {{rws|London King's Cross}} to {{rws|Ely}} || 1 || {{cslist|{{rws|Cambridge}}, {{rws|Cambridge North}}, {{rws|Waterbeach}}}}
|-
| London King's Cross to {{rws|King's Lynn}} || 1 || {{cslist|Cambridge, Cambridge North, {{rws|Waterbeach}}, Ely, {{rws|Littleport}}, {{rws|Downham Market}}, {{rws|Watlington}}}}
|-
|London King's Cross to [[Letchworth Garden City railway station|Letchworth Garden City]]
|1
|[[Finsbury Park station|Finsbury Park]], [[Alexandra Palace railway station|Alexandra Palace]], [[Potters Bar railway station|Potters Bar]], [[Hatfield railway station|Hatfield]], [[Welwyn Garden City railway station|Welwyn Garden City]], [[Welwyn North railway station|Welwyn North]], [[Knebworth railway station|Knebworth]], [[Stevenage railway station|Stevenage]], [[Hitchin railway station|Hitchin]]
|-
|London King's Cross to Cambridge
|1
|Finsbury Park, Alexandra Palace, Potters Bar, Hatfield, Welwyn Garden City, Welwyn North, Knebworth, Stevenage, Hitchin, Letchworth Garden City, [[Baldock railway station|Baldock]], [[Royston railway station|Royston]], [[Meldreth railway station|Meldreth]], [[Shepreth railway station|Shepreth]], [[Foxton railway station|Foxton]]
|-
| {{stn|Moorgate}} to Welwyn Garden City || 2 || {{cslist|{{stn|Old Street}}, {{rws|Essex Road}}, {{stn|Highbury & Islington}}, {{rws|Drayton Park}}, Finsbury Park, {{rws|Harringay}}, {{rws|Hornsey}}, Alexandra Palace, {{rws|New Southgate}}, {{rws|Oakleigh Park}}, {{rws|New Barnet}}, {{rws|Hadley Wood}}, Potters Bar, {{rws|Brookmans Park}}, {{rws|Welham Green}}, Hatfield}}

|-
| Moorgate to Stevenage via {{rws|Hertford North}} || 2 || {{cslist|Old Street, Essex Road, Highbury & Islington, Drayton Park, Finsbury Park, Harringay, Hornsey, Alexandra Palace, {{rws|Bowes Park}}, {{rws|Palmers Green}}, {{rws|Winchmore Hill}}, {{rws|Grange Park}}, {{rws|Enfield Chase}}, {{rws|Gordon Hill}}, {{rws|Crews Hill}}, {{rws|Cuffley}}, {{rws|Bayford}}, {{rws|Hertford North}},  {{rws|Watton-at-Stone}}}}
|}
<section end="service-table"/>

In addition, Great Northern also runs 3 peak hour extras in each direction between {{rws|Peterborough}} and King's Cross every day.

==Rolling stock==
As of 2021, the Great Northern fleet consists of {{BRC|387|cs}} and {{BRC|717|cs}}, the former operating services from London King's Cross and the latter from Moorgate. {{BRC|700|cs}} also operate on the route on Thameslink services.

Prior to the introduction of Class 387s and Class 717s in 2016 and 2019 respectively, {{BRC|313|cs}}, {{BRC|317|cs}}, {{BRC|321|cs}}, and {{BRC|365|cs}} were used. Of these, Class 365s lasted until 15 May 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|title=👋 Today we bid farewell to our Class 365s.|url=https://twitter.com/gnrailuk/status/1393464112722624512|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-15|publisher=[[Govia Thameslink Railway|Great Northern]]|archive-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519185546/https://twitter.com/GNRailUK/status/1393464112722624512}}</ref> at which point they were replaced by [[Gatwick Express]] Class 387/2 units which were being used by [[Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)|Southern]] while the service was suspended.

===Current fleet===
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#f9f9f9"
! rowspan="2" |Family
! rowspan="2" |Class
! rowspan="2" |Image
! rowspan="2" |Type
! colspan="2" |Top speed
! rowspan="2" |Number
! rowspan="2" |Carriages
! rowspan="2" |Routes operated
! rowspan="2" |Built
|- bgcolor="#f9f9f9"
!mph
!km/h
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Bombardier Electrostar]]
| rowspan="2" |[[British Rail Class 387|387]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:387115_Shepreth_Branch_Junc_210619.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Electric multiple unit|EMU]]
| rowspan="2" |110
| rowspan="2" |177
|39
|4<ref name="RailExpressNovember20222">{{cite magazine |date=November 2022 |title=Units |magazine=Rail Express |issue=318 |page=27}}</ref>
|Great Northern express services between [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]] & [[Ely railway station|Ely]] / [[King's Lynn railway station|King's Lynn]] / [[Peterborough railway station|Peterborough]] and Great Northern semi-fast services between [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]] & [[Letchworth Garden City railway station|Letchworth Garden City]] / [[Cambridge railway station|Cambridge]]
|2014{{ndash}}2017
|-
| colspan="4" |[[File:Great_Northern_Class_387-1.png|alt=|676x676px]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Siemens Desiro]]
| rowspan="2" |[[British Rail Class 717|717 ''Desiro City'']]<ref name="Rail7172">{{cite magazine |last=Clinnick |first=Richard |title=New Govia Thameslink Railway trains to be Class 717s |url=http://www.railmagazine.com/news/fleet/2016/06/08/new-govia-thameslink-railway-trains-to-be-class-717s |magazine=Rail |access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:717009_OKL.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |85
| rowspan="2" |137
|25
|6
|[[Northern City Line]] services between [[Moorgate station|Moorgate]] & [[Welwyn Garden City railway station|Welwyn Garden City]] / [[Stevenage railway station|Stevenage]] via [[Hertford North railway station|Hertford North]]
|2018
|-
| colspan="4" |[[File:Great_Northern_Class_717.png|676x676px]]
|}

===Future fleet===
Govia Thameslink Railway issued a tender in April 2023 for between 21 and 30 four-coach {{cvt|100|mph}} trains, with an estimated value of £48.6{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.delta-esourcing.com/delta/respondToList.html;jsessionid=ED4AA4A5CB38596F97120B5F345FD0F2?noticeId=777675000 | title = Govia Thameslink Rail (GTR): Provision of a fleet of up to 30 x 4-car EMUs | publisher = Delta Sourcing | date = 25 April 2023 | access-date = 30 April 2023}}</ref>

On 12 March 2024 it was announced that Great northern would acquire 30 [[British Rail Class 379|Class 379]] units.<ref> https://www.find-tender.service.gov.uk/Notice/007878-2024</ref>

===Past fleet===
Trains formerly used on the Great Northern Route include, but are not limited to, the following:<!-- 64? Class 313s were originally introduced, and there's the Class 312 to also consider even if one limits the extent to post-electrification. -->

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#f9f9f9"
! rowspan="2" |Family
! rowspan="2" |Class
! rowspan="2" |Image
! rowspan="2" |Type
! colspan="2" |Top speed
! rowspan="2" |Cars
! rowspan="2" |Number
! rowspan="2" |Routes operated
! rowspan="2" |Built
! rowspan="2" |Withdrawn
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|- bgcolor="#f9f9f9"
!mph
!km/h
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[British Rail Classes 445 and 446|BREL 1972]]
| rowspan="2" |[[British Rail Class 313|313]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[File:313057 AAP.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="10" align="center" |[[Electric multiple unit|EMU]]
| align="center" |75
| align="center" |120
| align="center" |3
| align="center" |44
|[[Northern City Line]]: Services between {{rws|London Moorgate}} and {{rws|Welwyn Garden City}} / {{rws|Hertford North}} / {{rws|Watton-at-Stone}}
| align="center" |{{nowrap|1976{{ndash}}1977}}
| align="center" |2019
|Replaced by Class 717
|-
| colspan="8" |[[File:313_First_Capital_Connect_and_Great_Northern.png|375px]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |BR Second Generation ([[British Rail Mark 3|Mark 3]])
| rowspan="2" |[[British Rail Class 317|317]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[File:Stevenage railway station MMB 02 317345.jpg|120x120px]]
| align="center" |100
| align="center" |160
| align="center" |4
| align="center" |12
|Semi-Fast and Express services between {{rws|London King's Cross}} and {{rws|Peterborough}} / {{rws|Cambridge}}
| align="center" |1981{{ndash}}1982
| align="center" |2017
|Replaced by Class 387
|-
| colspan="8" |[[File:Class 317 Great Northern Diagram.png|500px]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[British Rail Class 321|321]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[File:Great Northern 321418, King's Cross (16475785242).jpg|120x120px]]
| align="center" |100
| align="center" |160
| align="center" |4
| align="center" |13
| Semi-Fast and Express services between London King's Cross and Peterborough / Cambridge
| align="center" |1989{{ndash}}1990
| align="center" |2016
|Replaced by Class 387
|-
| colspan="8" |[[File:Class 321 Great Northern .png|frameless|502x502px]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Networker (train)|Networker]]
| rowspan="2" |[[British Rail Class 365|365 ''Networker Express'']]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Class_365_Networker_Express_in_Great_Northern_livery_by_Hugh_Llewelyn.jpg|120px]]
| align="center" |100
| align="center" |160
| align="center" |4
| align="center" |40
| Semi-fast services between London King's Cross and Ely / Peterborough
| align="center" |1994{{ndash}}1995
| align="center" |2021
|Replaced by Class 387
|-
| colspan="8" |[[File:Great Northern Class 365.png|500px]]
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Bombardier Electrostar]]
|rowspan="2" |[[British Rail Class 387|387/2]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:387204 Gatwick Airport.jpg|120x120px]]
| align="center" |110
| align="center" |177
| align="center" |4
| align="center" |8
|Semi-fast services between London King's Cross & Ely / Peterborough
| align="center" |2016{{ndash}}2017
|2022
|Replaced by Class 387/3
|-
| colspan="8" |[[File:Gatwick Express Class 387-2.png|500px]]
|}

==Future developments==
===East-West (Varsity) line===
{{main|East West Rail}}

The [[Varsity Line]] connected {{rws|Cambridge}} with {{rws|Oxford}} via {{rws|Sandy}} and {{rws|Bedford}} ("Varsity" being slang for "University", those termini being major university towns). It was closed in 1968 but there are now plans to restore this route.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite magazine|title=Great Northern reliability|first=Brian|last=Perren|pages=24–27|issue=110|date=30 November – 13 December 1989|magazine=[[RAIL (magazine)|RAIL]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}

{{Current rail infrastructure projects in the United Kingdom}}
{{UK TOCs}}

[[Category:Railway lines in the East of England]]
[[Category:Railway lines in London]]
[[Category:Transport in Hertfordshire]]
[[Category:Transport in Bedfordshire]]
[[Category:Transport in Cambridgeshire]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Norfolk]]
[[Category:Standard gauge railways in England]]
[[Category:Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Cambridge]]
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