Английская Википедия:Great Northern route
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox rail company Шаблон:First Capital Connect services The Great Northern route (formerly known as Great Northern Electrics) is the name given to suburban rail services run on the southern end of Britain's East Coast Main Line and its associated branches. Services operate to or from Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws in London. Destinations include Шаблон:Rws, Шаблон:Rws, Шаблон:Rws, and Шаблон:Rws, and in peak hours, additional services run to Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws. Services run through parts of Greater London, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and Norfolk.
The route forms a major commuter route into London from Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and eastern Bedfordshire: ridership has grown rapidly over recent years. In 2009, rolling stock was transferred from other lines to allow additional services and longer trains to be run. In early 2018, the line was connected to the Thameslink route via a junction just south of the High Speed 1 bridge, north of King's Cross, allowing through services to the south of London.
Since September 2014, the services have been operated by Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR). The Thameslink and Great Northern service brands were maintained and separated from each other.[1]
Route
The network consists of all local and semi-fast services on these lines:
Additionally, the main service on the Fen Line is provided as part of the route. All services are provided by EMUs.
At privatisation the services became part of West Anglia Great Northern, becoming their sole route in 2004 when the West Anglia services were transferred to 'one'. In April 2006 the services became the responsibility of First Capital Connect. In September 2014, the Department for Transport transferred the new Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise to Govia Thameslink Railway.[2] In 2018, with the completion of the Thameslink Programme, many services on the route became part of the Thameslink network, running through central London to destinations south of the River Thames.
History
The term Great Northern is related to the Great Northern Railway, the original builders of the line.
The July 1922 Bradshaw's Railway Guide stated a typical rail service on the Cambridge Line as follows:[3]
- Шаблон:Rws to Шаблон:Rws - Six stopping and two (three on Saturday) semi-fast services from Monday to Saturday, one northbound and two southbound stopping services on Sunday. The fastest service took about 1 hour 30 minutes.
- London King's Cross to Шаблон:Rws - Two (three on Wednesday) additional services from Monday to Saturday, one additional service on Sunday.
- London King's Cross to Шаблон:Rws - Seven additional services from Monday to Saturday.
- London King's Cross to Шаблон:Rws - Three additional services from Monday to Saturday. The last service on Wednesday ran past midnight into Thursday morning.
Since the 1960s, Great Northern has been used to describe the suburban part of the East Coast Main Line, south of Шаблон:Rws and south of Шаблон:Rws. The Great Northern Railway had proposed electrification of part of the line in 1903, but it was not until 1971 that a scheme to electrify the line from Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws was authorised.[4]
The Inner Suburban Lines to Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws were electrified in 1976 with Шаблон:Brc EMUs. In 1978 the electrification was complete to Royston with Шаблон:Brc EMUs providing the service. The route was then promoted as the Great Northern Electrics.[4] The route between Hertford and Langley Junction, south of Шаблон:Rws, was also electrified but not regularly used by electric trains until 1979, when one Moorgate - Hertford service per hour was extended to Шаблон:Rws; prior to this DMUs provided an infrequent service over this route, running between Hertford and Шаблон:Rws / Peterborough. From 1979 until 1987 DMUs provided the service between Hitchin and Huntingdon/Peterborough. DMUs also provided a shuttle service between Royston and Cambridge between 1978 and 1988, connecting with the electric trains and replacing the former through Cambridge buffet expresses between Kings Cross and the university city.
In 1982 Watton-at-Stone station was reopened between Hertford and Stevenage. A new station also opened at Шаблон:Rws in 1986.
With the further electrification of the East Coast Main Line between 1986 and 1988, electric services could be extended to Peterborough and the outer suburban service was changed from Шаблон:Brc to Шаблон:Brc, some of which were cascaded from the newly created Thameslink route, with the remainder newly built.
In 1984[5] it was decided to electrify the line between Royston and Shepreth Branch Junction, a junction on the West Anglia Main Line north of Шаблон:Rws, allowing the reinstatement of through services to Шаблон:Rws from London King's Cross via the East Coast Main Line, which was faster than the conventional route from Шаблон:Rws via the West Anglia Main Line. This electrification was completed in 1988. Later the track between these points was also upgraded with welded joint track instead of the jointed track that had existed, and the maximum line speed was raised to 90 mph.
Rapid growth on the route, especially on the Cambridge Line resulted in consultation on a new service pattern,[6] which was then implemented at the timetable change in Spring 2009. During the peak hours, the route is now saturated and can support no further service improvements.
Hitchin Flyover
Together with the two-track Digswell Viaduct (Welwyn Viaduct) some ten miles to the south, the flat junction just north of Шаблон:Rws was a major bottleneck,[7] as northbound trains diverging from the East Coast Main Line towards Letchworth and thence to Cambridge had to cross one northbound (fast) line and two southbound (fast and slow) lines to access the Cambridge Line. Proposals as part of the original electrification work envisaged a new underpass here and land was set aside for its construction. However, budgetary constraints forced this part of the programme to be abandoned. The land stood empty for many years, but has since been used to provide new housing.
A new plan[8] and subsequent application for an order[9] to build a flyover was approved, and construction was completed in June 2013. The scheme has created a new single-track line that diverges from the northbound slow line at a new junction just beyond Hitchin station, using a short embankment section of the former Bedford to Hitchin Line, a section of which was cleared of vegetation and made progressively higher, to form a short ramp. The track is carried over the East Coast Main Line on a newly constructed viaduct and onto a new embankment to join the present Cambridge Line at the newly created Hitchin East Junction, closer to Letchworth. Although this takes trains over a longer distance, it removes the need for them to dwell at Hitchin – sometimes for several minutes – awaiting a path across the tracks of the main London-Peterborough route, thus decreasing the overall journey time to Cambridge in many instances. The scheme improves the punctuality and reliability of both the London-Cambridge and London-Peterborough routes, because Peterborough-bound stopping trains are no longer delayed if running closely behind a Cambridge service being held at Hitchin waiting to cross the flat junction.
Thameslink programme
Шаблон:Main As part of the Thameslink Programme,[10] the Great Northern Route has been connected to the existing Thameslink route via a new junction at Belle Isle[11] (south of the High Speed 1 flyover, just north of London King's Cross). Two single-bore tunnels (known as the Canal Tunnels) were driven from here to the low-level platforms at Шаблон:Rws during the 'St Pancras Box' phase of the redevelopment works that created St Pancras International station. Trains diverging from the Great Northern Route at Belle Isle will join the 'core' St Pancras - Шаблон:Rws - Шаблон:Rws - Шаблон:Rws section of the existing Thameslink route and then serve stations across Surrey, East Sussex, Kent, and West Sussex.
On 6 November 2017 the first Thameslink Programme units entered service on the Great Northern route.[12] 700128 worked the 0656 Peterborough - London King's Cross and 1812 return, while 700125 worked the 0733 Peterborough - London King's Cross and 1742 return. Eventually 75% of the GN fleet will be Class 700 units.[12]
Services
<section begin="service-table"/> The Great Northern off-peak service pattern, as of May 2023, with frequencies in trains per hour (tph), consists of the following:[13][14]
| Route | Шаблон:Abbr | Calling at |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Rws to Шаблон:Rws | 1 | Шаблон:Cslist |
| London King's Cross to Шаблон:Rws | 1 | Шаблон:Cslist |
| London King's Cross to Letchworth Garden City | 1 | Finsbury Park, Alexandra Palace, Potters Bar, Hatfield, Welwyn Garden City, Welwyn North, Knebworth, Stevenage, Hitchin |
| London King's Cross to Cambridge | 1 | Finsbury Park, Alexandra Palace, Potters Bar, Hatfield, Welwyn Garden City, Welwyn North, Knebworth, Stevenage, Hitchin, Letchworth Garden City, Baldock, Royston, Meldreth, Shepreth, Foxton |
| Шаблон:Stn to Welwyn Garden City | 2 | Шаблон:Cslist |
| Moorgate to Stevenage via Шаблон:Rws | 2 | Шаблон:Cslist |
<section end="service-table"/>
In addition, Great Northern also runs 3 peak hour extras in each direction between Шаблон:Rws and King's Cross every day.
Rolling stock
As of 2021, the Great Northern fleet consists of Шаблон:BRC and Шаблон:BRC, the former operating services from London King's Cross and the latter from Moorgate. Шаблон:BRC also operate on the route on Thameslink services.
Prior to the introduction of Class 387s and Class 717s in 2016 and 2019 respectively, Шаблон:BRC, Шаблон:BRC, Шаблон:BRC, and Шаблон:BRC were used. Of these, Class 365s lasted until 15 May 2021,[15] at which point they were replaced by Gatwick Express Class 387/2 units which were being used by Southern while the service was suspended.
Current fleet
| Family | Class | Image | Type | Top speed | Number | Carriages | Routes operated | Built | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mph | km/h | ||||||||
| Bombardier Electrostar | 387 | Файл:387115 Shepreth Branch Junc 210619.jpg | EMU | 110 | 177 | 39 | 4[16] | Great Northern express services between London King's Cross & Ely / King's Lynn / Peterborough and Great Northern semi-fast services between London King's Cross & Letchworth Garden City / Cambridge | 2014Шаблон:Ndash2017 |
| Файл:Great Northern Class 387-1.png | |||||||||
| Siemens Desiro | 717 Desiro City[17] | Файл:717009 OKL.jpg | 85 | 137 | 25 | 6 | Northern City Line services between Moorgate & Welwyn Garden City / Stevenage via Hertford North | 2018 | |
| Файл:Great Northern Class 717.png | |||||||||
Future fleet
Govia Thameslink Railway issued a tender in April 2023 for between 21 and 30 four-coach Шаблон:Cvt trains, with an estimated value of £48.6Шаблон:Nbspmillion.[18]
On 12 March 2024 it was announced that Great northern would acquire 30 Class 379 units.[19]
Past fleet
Trains formerly used on the Great Northern Route include, but are not limited to, the following:
| Family | Class | Image | Type | Top speed | Cars | Number | Routes operated | Built | Withdrawn | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mph | km/h | ||||||||||
| BREL 1972 | 313 | Файл:313057 AAP.jpg | EMU | 75 | 120 | 3 | 44 | Northern City Line: Services between Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws / Шаблон:Rws / Шаблон:Rws | Шаблон:Nowrap | 2019 | Replaced by Class 717 |
| Файл:313 First Capital Connect and Great Northern.png | |||||||||||
| BR Second Generation (Mark 3) | 317 | Файл:Stevenage railway station MMB 02 317345.jpg | 100 | 160 | 4 | 12 | Semi-Fast and Express services between Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws / Шаблон:Rws | 1981Шаблон:Ndash1982 | 2017 | Replaced by Class 387 | |
| Файл:Class 317 Great Northern Diagram.png | |||||||||||
| 321 | Файл:Great Northern 321418, King's Cross (16475785242).jpg | 100 | 160 | 4 | 13 | Semi-Fast and Express services between London King's Cross and Peterborough / Cambridge | 1989Шаблон:Ndash1990 | 2016 | Replaced by Class 387 | ||
| Файл:Class 321 Great Northern .png | |||||||||||
| Networker | 365 Networker Express | Файл:Class 365 Networker Express in Great Northern livery by Hugh Llewelyn.jpg | 100 | 160 | 4 | 40 | Semi-fast services between London King's Cross and Ely / Peterborough | 1994Шаблон:Ndash1995 | 2021 | Replaced by Class 387 | |
| Файл:Great Northern Class 365.png | |||||||||||
| Bombardier Electrostar | 387/2 | Файл:387204 Gatwick Airport.jpg | 110 | 177 | 4 | 8 | Semi-fast services between London King's Cross & Ely / Peterborough | 2016Шаблон:Ndash2017 | 2022 | Replaced by Class 387/3 | |
| Файл:Gatwick Express Class 387-2.png | |||||||||||
Future developments
East-West (Varsity) line
The Varsity Line connected Шаблон:Rws with Шаблон:Rws via Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws ("Varsity" being slang for "University", those termini being major university towns). It was closed in 1968 but there are now plans to restore this route.
References
Further reading
External links
Шаблон:Current rail infrastructure projects in the United Kingdom Шаблон:UK TOCs
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:NRtimes
- ↑ Шаблон:NRtimes
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://www.find-tender.service.gov.uk/Notice/007878-2024
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