Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Chinese high-speed rail corridor}}
{{Infobox rail line
 | box_width   =
 | name        = [[Beijing–Harbin high-speed railway]]
----
Harbin–Dalian Section
 |native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|京哈高速铁路哈大段}}}}
 | color       = {{rcr|CRH}}
 | logo        = CRH-logo.svg
 | logo_width  = 40px
 | logo_alt    =
 | image       = File:CRH380BG 20151103.JPG
 | image_width = 200px
 | image_alt   = 
 | caption     =
 | type        = [[High-speed rail]]
 | system      = {{rint|cn|crh}} [[China Railway High-speed]]
 | status      = Operational
 | locale      = {{plainlist|
*[[Heilongjiang province]]
*[[Jilin province]]
*[[Liaoning province]]
}}
 | start       = [[Harbin West railway station|Harbin West]]
 | end         = [[Dalian North railway station|Dalian North]]
 | stations    = 23<ref name=lr20121125/>
 | routes      =
 | daily_ridership = 
 | ridership2  =
 | open        = {{start date and age|2012|12|01}}
 | close       =
 | owner       = {{rint|cn|rail}} [[China Railway]]
 | operator    = {{plainlist|
*{{rint|cn|rail}} [[China Railway Harbin Group|CR Harbin]]
*{{rint|cn|rail}} [[China Railway Shenyang Group|CR Shenyang]]
}}
 | character   =
 | depot       =
 | stock       = [[China Railways CRH3|CRH380BG]]
 | linelength  = {{convert|904|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
 | tracklength =
 | tracks = 2 ([[Double-track railway|Double-track]])
 | gauge       = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
 | old_gauge =
 | load_gauge = 
 | minradius   = {{cvt|7000|m|ft|abbr=on}}
 | maxincline  =
 | racksystem  =
 | routenumber =
 | electrification = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} ([[Overhead line]])
 | speed       = {{plainlist|
*{{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} (summer)
*{{convert|250|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} (winter)<ref name=lr20121125/>
}}
 | elevation   =
 | website     =
 | map         = [[File:Harbin-Dalian Railroad.svg|300px]]<br/>{{Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway RDT}}
 | map_state   = collapsed
}}
The '''Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway''' or '''Hada High-Speed Railway''' ({{zh|s=哈大高速铁路|p=Hādà Gāosù Tiělù}}) is a [[high-speed rail]] line connecting [[Harbin]], [[Heilongjiang]] and [[Dalian]], [[Liaoning]]. Construction work began on August 23, 2007 and the first commercial services began operating in December 1, 2012,<ref name=xinhuatwelve>{{Cite web | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/video/2012-12/01/c_132012027.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205080141/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/video/2012-12/01/c_132012027.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 5, 2012 |title = Harbin-Dalian high-speed train begins operation| publisher= Xinhua | date=2012-12-01 |access-date=2013-08-23}}</ref> nearly one year behind schedule.<ref name=xinhuaten>{{Cite web | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-12/28/c_13668193.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103034208/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-12/28/c_13668193.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 3, 2011 |title = First high speed railway in northeast China to open in 2011 | publisher= Xinhua | date=2010-12-28 |access-date=2012-09-27}}</ref><ref name=daliannews>{{Cite web | url=http://www.daliannews.com/2012-02/16/content_4162750.htm | title=Ha'erbin-Dalian high-speed railway to be open to traffic | publisher=DalianNews | date=2012-02-16 | access-date=2012-09-27 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927210844/http://www.daliannews.com/2012-02/16/content_4162750.htm | archive-date=2013-09-27 }}</ref> The line is the world's first alpine high-speed railway operating at high latitudes and low temperatures in winter.<ref name=cctv>{{Cite web|title=Harbin-Dalian High-speed train begins operation|url=http://english.cntv.cn/program/newshour/20121201/102886.shtml|publisher=CCTV|date=2012-12-01|access-date=2013-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014402/http://english.cntv.cn/program/newshour/20121201/102886.shtml|archive-date=2013-12-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> The trains can continue operating even with snow on the line and the tracks are fitted with de-icing technology. The project cost [[Renminbi|CN¥]]95 billion, which was 25% more than the original budget.<ref name=morningpost>{{Cite web | url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1198216/speed-increase-harbin-dalian-rail-line-delayed |title = Speed increase on Harbin to Dalian rail line delayed| publisher= Southern China Morning Post | date=2013-03-24 |access-date=2013-08-23}}</ref>

At the time of completion, the railway was the northernmost high-speed line in China. The climate of [[northeast China]] poses a challenge to the design; parts of the line had to be rebuilt before the opening due to deformation caused by [[frost heaving]].<ref name=peopledaily>{{Cite web | url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90882/7934747.html| title =High speed rail may need to be rebuilt |last = Bai | first = Tiantian | date=2012-09-04 | publisher=People's Daily Online | access-date=2012-09-27}}</ref> Eventually, it was decided that the route could be opened for commercial services on December 1, 2012; however, during winters (December through March) it operates a winter timetable, with the maximum running speed of {{convert|250|km/h|abbr=on}}. In summer, the service runs an expanded timetable with services running at a higher speed of up to {{convert|350|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name=morningpost/> However, the line has a design speed of up to {{convert|350|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name=lr20121125>{{Cite web | url=http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-11/201211259574615.htm| script-title=zh:哈大高铁12月1日开通运营(图) | date=2012-11-25 | publisher=Huochepiao | access-date=2013-08-24|language=zh}}</ref> The summer high-speed services also have higher ticket prices than the slower winter service; however, some trains continue to run all year at the {{convert|250|km/h|abbr=on}} speed and lower price, giving travellers a choice of speed versus ticket price.

Under the winter timetable, the {{convert|921|km|abbr=on}} journey from Dalian to Harbin takes five hours eighteen minutes. In summer, the higher speeds reduce the journey time to just three and a half hours.<ref name=xinhuaphoto>{{Cite web | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2013-04/21/c_132327435.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424183651/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2013-04/21/c_132327435.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=April 24, 2013| title =Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway starts summer schedule | date=2013-04-21 | publisher=Xinhua | access-date=2013-08-24}}</ref>

Test runs along the entire railway started on October 8, 2012.<ref name=sohu>{{Cite web | url=http://roll.sohu.com/20121120/n358078665.shtml| script-title=zh:哈大高铁预计本月25日开通(组图) | date=2012-11-20 | publisher=Suhu | access-date=2013-08-24|language=zh}}</ref> These were restricted to the winter service speed of {{convert|250|km/h|abbr=on}}. The first commercial passenger services started on December 1, 2012 with two trains leaving simultaneously, one from Dalian and the other from the new Harbin West station. During the first 52 days of operation, the line transported 2.856 million passengers.<ref name=ifeng>{{Cite web | url=http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2013_01/24/21541269_0.shtml| script-title=zh:沈阳铁路局党委书记：京沈高铁有望年内正式开工 |last = Liu | first = Tongyang | date=2013-01-24 | publisher=Fenghuang Wang | access-date=2013-08-24|language=zh}}</ref> By the end of March, there had been 9.4 million passenger trips on the line, an average of 78,000 per day. During the four weeks of the Chinese spring festival, passengers reached peaks of 164,000 per day.<ref name=chinadaily>{{Cite web | url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013-04/11/content_16391578.htm| title =Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail to reach 300 km/h | date=2013-04-11 | publisher=China Daily | access-date=2013-08-24}}</ref>

Testing of services at the increased summer speed of {{convert|350|km/h|abbr=on}} began in April 2013 after a delay of one month.<ref name=chinadaily/> Commercial services on the summer schedule began on the April 21st, 2013.<ref name=xinhuaphoto/>
The line operates 67 pairs of [[China Railways CRH3|CRH380BG]] type alpine EMU trains.<ref name=sohu/> These have been specially modified for the Hada railway which must cope with temperatures as low as {{convert|−40|°C}} in winter. Extra insulation has been added within the skin of the carriages and even the vacuum toilets have been modified to operate in this extreme cold.

The track has been specially designed to cope with extremes in temperature. In winter, the temperatures on the route can fall to {{convert|−40|°C}} while in summer they can reach {{convert|40|°C}}. Heavy snowfall in the area is also common during winter. This large change in temperature can cause [[frost heaving|frost heave]]. As the water in the ground freezes in winter, it expands. In summer the ice melts and water drains causing shrinkage. This creates distortion on the ground surface that ordinary high speed railway lines could not cope with. To combat frost heave, 70% of the line is constructed above the ground surface on viaducts. During construction, about 20 percent of the track that had been built directly on the ground had to be redesigned and rebuilt due to frost damage. This delayed the opening of the line by about a year.<ref name=peopledaily/>
==Stations==
{| class="wikitable"
<!--! colspan="2"|Route-->
<!--! Station<br>№-->
! Station Name
! Chinese
<!--! colspan="2"| Distance<br>{{small|km}}-->
<!--! [[China Railway]]<br>transfers/connections-->
! [[Rapid transit in the People's Republic of China|Metro]]<br>transfers/connections
<!--! colspan="2"| Location-->
|- style = "background:#{{rcr|CR|passenger}}; height: 2pt"
| colspan = "11" |
|-
|[[Harbin railway station|Harbin]]
|
|{{rint|harbin|metro}} {{rint|harbin|1}}
|-
|[[Harbin West railway station|Harbin West]]
|
|{{rint|harbin|metro}} {{rint|harbin|3}}
|-
|[[Shuangcheng North railway station|Shuangcheng North]]
|-
|[[Fuyu North railway station|Fuyu North]]
|-
|[[Dehui West railway station|Dehui West]]
|-
|[[Changchun West railway station|Changchun West]]
|
|{{rint|changchun|subway}} {{rint|changchun|2}}
|-
|[[Gongzhuling South railway station|Gongzhuling South]]
|-
|[[Siping East railway station|Siping East]]
|-
|[[Changtu West railway station|Changtu West]]
|-
|[[Kaiyuan West railway station|Kaiyuan West]]
|-
|[[Tieling West railway station|Tieling West]]
|-
|[[Shenyang North railway station|Shenyang North]]
|
|{{rint|shenyang|metro}} {{rint|shenyang|2}}
|-
|[[Shenyang railway station|Shenyang]]
|
|{{rint|shenyang|metro}} {{rint|shenyang|1}}
|-
|[[Shenyang South railway station|Shenyang South]]
|
|
|-
|[[Liaoyang railway station|Liaoyang]]
|-
|[[Anshan West railway station|Anshan West]]
|-
|[[Haicheng West railway station|Haicheng West]]
|-
|[[Yingkou East railway station|Yingkou East]]
|-
|[[Gaizhou West railway station|Gaizhou West]]
|-
|[[Bayuquan railway station|Bayuquan]]
|-
|[[Wafangdian West railway station|Wafangdian West]]
|-
|[[Jinpu railway station|Jinpu]]
|-
|[[Dalian North railway station|Dalian North]]
|
|{{rint|dalian|metro}} {{rint|dalian|1}}
|-
|[[Dalian railway station|Dalian]]
|
|{{rint|dalian|metro}} {{rint|dalian|3}}
|}

==See also==
* [[Asia Express]]
* [[South Manchuria Railway]], about the early history of the railways in the same corridor
* [[Beijing–Harbin high-speed railway]]
* [[Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway]]
* [[Panjin–Yingkou high-speed railway]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Hada Passenger Railway}}
{{Coastal corridor}}
{{High-speed rail in the People's Republic of China}}
{{High-speed railway lines}}
{{Jilin transit}}
{{Liaoning transit}}
{{Heilongjiang transit}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harbin-Dalian High-Speed Railway}}
[[Category:High-speed railway lines in China]]
[[Category:Standard gauge railways in China]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Heilongjiang]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jilin]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Liaoning]]
[[Category:Stations on the Beijing–Harbin High-Speed Railway|*2]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2012]]
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