Английская Википедия:Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox rail line The Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway or Hada High-Speed Railway (Шаблон:Zh) is a high-speed rail line connecting Harbin, Heilongjiang and Dalian, Liaoning. Construction work began on August 23, 2007 and the first commercial services began operating in December 1, 2012,[1] nearly one year behind schedule.[2][3] The line is the world's first alpine high-speed railway operating at high latitudes and low temperatures in winter.[4] The trains can continue operating even with snow on the line and the tracks are fitted with de-icing technology. The project cost CN¥95 billion, which was 25% more than the original budget.[5]
At the time of completion, the railway was the northernmost high-speed line in China. The climate of northeast China poses a challenge to the design; parts of the line had to be rebuilt before the opening due to deformation caused by frost heaving.[6] Eventually, it was decided that the route could be opened for commercial services on December 1, 2012; however, during winters (December through March) it operates a winter timetable, with the maximum running speed of Шаблон:Convert. In summer, the service runs an expanded timetable with services running at a higher speed of up to Шаблон:Convert.[5] However, the line has a design speed of up to Шаблон:Convert.[7] The summer high-speed services also have higher ticket prices than the slower winter service; however, some trains continue to run all year at the Шаблон:Convert speed and lower price, giving travellers a choice of speed versus ticket price.
Under the winter timetable, the Шаблон:Convert journey from Dalian to Harbin takes five hours eighteen minutes. In summer, the higher speeds reduce the journey time to just three and a half hours.[8]
Test runs along the entire railway started on October 8, 2012.[9] These were restricted to the winter service speed of Шаблон:Convert. The first commercial passenger services started on December 1, 2012 with two trains leaving simultaneously, one from Dalian and the other from the new Harbin West station. During the first 52 days of operation, the line transported 2.856 million passengers.[10] By the end of March, there had been 9.4 million passenger trips on the line, an average of 78,000 per day. During the four weeks of the Chinese spring festival, passengers reached peaks of 164,000 per day.[11]
Testing of services at the increased summer speed of Шаблон:Convert began in April 2013 after a delay of one month.[11] Commercial services on the summer schedule began on the April 21st, 2013.[8] The line operates 67 pairs of CRH380BG type alpine EMU trains.[9] These have been specially modified for the Hada railway which must cope with temperatures as low as Шаблон:Convert in winter. Extra insulation has been added within the skin of the carriages and even the vacuum toilets have been modified to operate in this extreme cold.
The track has been specially designed to cope with extremes in temperature. In winter, the temperatures on the route can fall to Шаблон:Convert while in summer they can reach Шаблон:Convert. Heavy snowfall in the area is also common during winter. This large change in temperature can cause frost heave. As the water in the ground freezes in winter, it expands. In summer the ice melts and water drains causing shrinkage. This creates distortion on the ground surface that ordinary high speed railway lines could not cope with. To combat frost heave, 70% of the line is constructed above the ground surface on viaducts. During construction, about 20 percent of the track that had been built directly on the ground had to be redesigned and rebuilt due to frost damage. This delayed the opening of the line by about a year.[6]
Stations
See also
- Asia Express
- South Manchuria Railway, about the early history of the railways in the same corridor
- Beijing–Harbin high-speed railway
- Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway
- Panjin–Yingkou high-speed railway
References
Шаблон:Hada Passenger Railway Шаблон:Coastal corridor Шаблон:High-speed rail in the People's Republic of China Шаблон:High-speed railway lines Шаблон:Jilin transit Шаблон:Liaoning transit Шаблон:Heilongjiang transit
- Английская Википедия
- High-speed railway lines in China
- Standard gauge railways in China
- Rail transport in Heilongjiang
- Rail transport in Jilin
- Rail transport in Liaoning
- Stations on the Beijing–Harbin High-Speed Railway
- Railway lines opened in 2012
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
