Английская Википедия:(231937) 2001 FO32

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Шаблон:Mp is a near-Earth asteroid classified as a potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. With an estimated diameter around Шаблон:Cvt, it was discovered by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research at Socorro, New Mexico on 23 March 2001. The asteroid safely passed by Earth on 21 March 2021 16:03 UTC from a closest approach distance of Шаблон:Convert, or 5.25 lunar distances (LD). During the day before closest approach, Шаблон:Mp reached a peak apparent magnitude of 11.7 and was visible to ground-based observers with telescope apertures of at least Шаблон:Cvt. It is the largest and one of the fastest asteroids to approach Earth within Шаблон:Convert in 2021.

With an observation arc of 20 years, Шаблон:Mp has a well-determined orbit, and its trajectory is well known through the year 2196. The asteroid's orbit is only potentially hazardous on a time scale of thousands of years.

Discovery

Шаблон:Mp was discovered on 23 March 2001 by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site in Socorro, New Mexico. The asteroid was first observed in the constellation Hydra at an apparent magnitude of 15.6. Shortly after discovery, follow-up observations were carried out by four other observatories until the asteroid's subsequent confirmation by the Minor Planet Center on 24 March 2003. The asteroid was given the provisional designation Шаблон:Mp and was recognized as a potentially hazardous asteroid. The accredited LINEAR observers are M. Blythe, F. Shelly, M. Bezpalko, R. Huber, L. Manguso, and S. Adams.

Orbit and classification

Файл:2001 FO32 asteroid.png

Orbit diagram illustrating Шаблон:Mp's close approach to Earth in 2021

Шаблон:Mp is a member of the dynamical Apollo group of Earth-crossing near-Earth asteroids with orbital semi-major axes greater than 1 astronomical unit (AU). It follows a highly elongated orbit around the Sun at a distance of 0.3–3.1 AU once every 2.22 years (810 days; semi-major axis of 1.7 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.83 and an inclination of 39° with respect to the ecliptic. With its highly eccentric orbit, it crosses the orbits of all four inner planets of the Solar System.

Having a long observation arc nearly 20 years, the orbit of Шаблон:Mp is well-defined with a condition code of 0. Although it is classified as a potentially hazardous asteroid due to its large size combined with its small minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) of Шаблон:Convert from Earth's orbital path, the asteroid will not make any close approaches within Шаблон:Cvt over the next 200 years. The asteroid's orbit is only potentially hazardous on a time scale of thousands of years.

Close approaches

Over the course of its highly eccentric orbit, Шаблон:Mp makes numerous close encounters with the inner planets—most often Mercury, Venus, and Earth. Its MOIDs from Mercury and Venus are Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert, respectively. Шаблон:Mp's most recent close encounter with either one of those planets was on 16 January 2008, when it passed by Mercury from a distance of Шаблон:Convert.

On 21 March 2021, Шаблон:Mp passed by Earth from a distance of Шаблон:Convert or 5.25 LD and made its closest approach at 16:03 UTC. During the few days leading up to closest approach, Шаблон:Mp steadily became brighter and peaked at apparent magnitude 11.7 on 21 March 2021 2:00 UTC. Although its maximum brightness was too faint to be seen with the naked eye, it was visible to observers using telescopes with apertures of at least Шаблон:Cvt. Due to its highly inclined and eccentric orbit, its relative velocity to Earth during the close approach is Шаблон:Cvt, making it one of the fastest asteroids to pass by Earth in 2021. By the time Шаблон:Mp makes its closest approach to Earth, its solar elongation (angular separation from the Sun) would be 64°, too small to be observable from Earth.

In the next 100 years, Шаблон:Mp will not make any close approaches to Earth closer than the 21 March 2021 encounter. It will make a similarly close approach to Earth on 22 March 2052 18:57±00:03 UTC, from a slightly farther nominal distance of Шаблон:Convert or 7.37 LD.

Observations

Preliminary observations by NEOWISE show that Шаблон:Mp appears to be faint in infrared wavelengths of light, indicating that the asteroid is likely less than 1 kilometer in diameter. Based on this, the diameter is estimated around Шаблон:Cvt. Near-infrared spectral data obtained by NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility in 2018 suggests that Шаблон:Mp is a stony asteroid classified under the Sr spectral class.

Шаблон:Mp was first observed with radar on 21 March 2021 at Canberra, Australia and Narrabri, New South Wales, which provided refinement of its orbit. One day after its closest approach, bistatic radar observations were carried out by NASA's Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in California and Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia. The radar images revealed that the asteroid has a bilobate shape.

February 2021 observations of Шаблон:Mp by the La Silla Observatory show that it displays a light curve amplitude of 0.9 magnitudes. The preliminary photometry indicates that the body is tumbling with a long main rotation period of Шаблон:Val hours.

External links

• Goldstone Radar Observations of Asteroid 2001 FO32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5 April 2021
• Asteroid 2001 FO32 Will Safely Pass by Earth March 21, Tony Greicius, NASA, 11 March 2021
• Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Шаблон:Webarchive)
• Шаблон:NeoDys
• Шаблон:ESA-SSA
• Шаблон:JPL small body