Английская Википедия:(614689) 2020 XL5

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Шаблон:Short description

Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox planet

Шаблон:Mp is a near-Earth asteroid and Earth trojan discovered by the Pan-STARRS 1 survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii on 12 December 2020. It oscillates around the Sun–Earth Шаблон:L4 Lagrangian point (leading 60°), one of the dynamically stable locations where the combined gravitational force acts through the Sun's and Earth's barycenter. Analysis of Шаблон:Mp's trojan orbit stability suggests it will remain around Earth's Шаблон:L4 point for at least four thousand years until gravitational perturbations from repeated close encounters with Venus destabilize its trojan configuration. With a diameter about Шаблон:Cvt, Шаблон:Mp is the second Earth trojan discovered, after Шаблон:Mpl,[1][2] and is the largest of its kind known.

Discovery

Шаблон:Mp was discovered by the Pan-STARRS 1 survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii on 12 December 2020. It was first observed in the constellation Crater at an apparent magnitude of 21.4.[3] The asteroid was moving at an on-sky rate of 3.02 arcseconds per minute, from a distance of Шаблон:Convert from Earth.[4]

The asteroid was subsequently listed on the Minor Planet Center's Near-Earth Object Confirmation Page (NEOCP) as P11aRcq.[5] Over two days, follow-up observations were carried out by the Višnjan Observatory Шаблон:Small, ESA Optical Ground Station Шаблон:Small, and Cerro Tololo Observatory Шаблон:Small. The asteroid was identified in earlier Mount Lemmon Survey Шаблон:Small observations from 26 November 2020. The listing was confirmed and publicly announced as Шаблон:Mp on 14 December 2020.[3]

Name and numbering

This minor planet was given the permanent number 614689 by the Minor Planet Center on 28 March 2022 and is now eligible for naming.[6] In accordance with the International Astronomical Union's naming conventions for near-Earth objects, Шаблон:Mp will be given a mythological name.[7]

Orbit and classification

Файл:2020 XL5 orbit.jpg
Heliocentric orbit diagram of Шаблон:Mp along with the inner planets

The orbit of Шаблон:Mp is well known with an uncertainty parameter of 0 and a long observation arc over 8 years. The asteroid has been identified in several precovery observations by various sky surveys, including Pan-STARRS, from dates as far back as December 2012.[8][1]

Шаблон:Mp orbits the Sun at an average distance of 1.001 AU once every Шаблон:Val days, or approximately 1 Earth year. Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.388 and an inclination of 13.8° with respect to the ecliptic plane. Over the course of its orbit, its distance from the Sun ranges from 0.61 AU at perihelion to 1.39 AU at aphelion, crossing the orbits of Venus and Earth. Since its orbit crosses that of Earth's while having a semi-major axis greater than 1 AU (by a small margin), Шаблон:Mp is classified as an Apollo asteroid.[8]

Trojan orbit

Файл:Lagrange points2.svg
Effective potential plot showing Earth's Lagrangian points (not to scale); contours around Шаблон:L4 and Шаблон:L5 represent tadpole loop paths
Файл:Animation of 2020 XL5's orbit - rotating frame.gif
Animation of Шаблон:Mp's orbit from 1600 to 2500 - relative to Sun and Earth Шаблон:Legend2Шаблон:·Шаблон:Legend2Шаблон:·Шаблон:Legend2

Trojan objects are most easily conceived as orbiting at a Lagrangian point, a dynamically stable location (where the combined gravitational force acts through the Sun's and Earth's barycenter) 60 degrees ahead of (Шаблон:L4) or behind (Шаблон:L5) a massive orbiting body, in a type of 1:1 orbital resonance. In reality, they oscillate around such a point.[9]

On 26 January 2021, amateur astronomer Tony Dunn reported that Шаблон:Mp's nominal trajectory appears to be librating about Earth's leading Шаблон:L4 Lagrangian point, suspecting it to be an Earth trojan.[9] Subsequent analysis confirmed modeling stability for at least several thousand years into the future based on existing orbital parameters.[10][11] This would make Шаблон:Mp more stable than the prototype Шаблон:L4 Earth trojan Шаблон:Mpl, which is potentially unstable on timescales of less than 2,000 years.[12] Additional follow-up observations and precoveries confirmed Шаблон:Mp's trojan nature, and showed that it will leave trojan orbit at least 4,000 years into the future.[13][1] Numerical simulations indicate that Шаблон:Mp was likely captured into the Шаблон:L4 Langrangian point since the 15th century.[13]

Шаблон:Mp's high orbital eccentricity results in wide, tadpole-shaped oscillation paths in a corotating reference frame with Earth and its Lagrangian points. Although the asteroid crosses Venus's orbit with a minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) of Шаблон:Convert,[14] perturbations by the planet are currently negligible since its nominal orbit brings it either too high or too low from the plane of Venus's orbit.[15] Venus's influence on Шаблон:Mp's orbit will become greater over time as their longitudes of the ascending node precess over hundreds of years, lowering Шаблон:Mp's Venus MOID and eventually destabilizing its trojan orbit by sending it to Earth's Шаблон:L3 point in several thousand years.[15]

Physical characteristics

Photometric measurements of optical observations from 2020 to 2021 show that Шаблон:Mp exhibits a color resembling that of carbonaceous C-type asteroids. Assuming that Шаблон:Mp's phase curve behaves similarly to those of C-type asteroids, the absolute magnitude (H) of the asteroid is 18.6, which corresponds to a mean diameter about Шаблон:Cvt for a typical C-type asteroid's geometric albedo of 0.06.[1] This makes Шаблон:Mp the largest Earth trojan asteroid known to date, being up to three times as large as the Шаблон:Cvt-sized Шаблон:Mp.[1]

Because Шаблон:Mp is only visible at low altitudes in the sky during twilight, atmospheric distortions and scattered light from the Sun hinder accurate photometry of the asteroid's light curve, thus information about its rotation could not be determined.[1]

Exploration

Due to Шаблон:Mp's high orbital inclination, a rendezvous mission to the asteroid from low Earth orbit (LEO) would require a minimum total delta-v of Шаблон:Cvt—too high to be considered an ideal target for a low-energy trajectory. On the other hand, a flyby trajectory to Шаблон:Mp from LEO could be more feasible with a minimum total delta-v of Шаблон:Cvt.[1]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:2020 in space Шаблон:Small Solar System bodies Шаблон:Minor planets navigator Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Santana-Ros2022 не указан текст
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MPEC-2020-X171 не указан текст
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок NEODyS-Eph-Dis не указан текст
  5. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок PseudoMPEC не указан текст
  6. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MPC139917 не указан текст
  7. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок IAUName не указан текст
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок jpldata не указан текст
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Hecht2021 не указан текст
  10. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Vitagliano не указан текст
  11. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок de la Fuente Marcos-2021 не указан текст
  12. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Connors2011 не указан текст
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Hui2021 не указан текст
  14. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MPC-object не указан текст
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Dunn не указан текст
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