Английская Википедия:*Walhaz
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Italic title Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates
*Walhaz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic word meaning 'foreigner',[1][2] or more specifically 'Roman', 'Romance-speaker' or '(romanized) Celt', and survives in the English words of 'Wales/Welsh'[1][3] and 'Cornwall.'[4] The term was used by the ancient Germanic peoples to describe inhabitants of the former Roman Empire, who were largely romanised and spoke Latin languages (cf. Valland in Old Norse).[1][3] The adjectival form is attested in Old Norse Шаблон:Lang, meaning 'French'; Old High German Шаблон:Lang, meaning 'Romance'; New High German Шаблон:Lang, used in Switzerland and South Tyrol for Romance speakers; Dutch Шаблон:Lang 'Walloon'; Old English Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, meaning 'Brythonic'. The forms of these words imply that they are descended from a Proto-Germanic form *walhiska-.[3]
From *Walhaz to welsch
Шаблон:Lang is a loanword derived from the name of the Celtic tribe which was known to the Romans as Volcae (in the writings of Julius Caesar) and to the Greeks as Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang (Strabo and Ptolemy).[2][5] The Volcae tribe occupied territory neighbouring that of the Germanic people and seem to have been referred to by the proto-Germanic name Шаблон:Lang (plural Шаблон:Lang, adjectival form Шаблон:Lang). It is assumed that this term specifically referred to the Volcae, because application of Grimm's law to that word produces the form Шаблон:Lang. Subsequently, this term Шаблон:Lang was applied rather indiscriminately to the southern neighbours of the Germanic people, as evidenced in geographic names such as Walchgau and Walchensee in Bavaria.[3] Place names containing the element *walbaz denote communities or enclaves in the Germanic-speaking world where Romance was spoken.[1]
From *Walhaz to Vlach
Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Wiktionary In Old English, *:walbaz developed into wealh, retaining the inherited meaning ‘a foreigner, more particularly a pre-Anglo-Saxon inhabitant of Britain who spoke Celtic or Latin or both’. It also came to imply the 'social position of the British natives that in the West Saxon dialect of Old English' came to mean ‘(British) slave’. The old feminine derivative of *walhaz, Old English wiln < *wielen < * wealh-in-, even exclusively means ‘a female slave’ and is likewise concentrated in the Saxon south of England.[1]
From the Slavs the term passed to other peoples, such as the Hungarians (Шаблон:Lang, referring to Vlachs, more specifically Romanians, Шаблон:Lang, referring to Italians), Turks (Шаблон:Lang) and Byzantines (Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang) and was used for all Latin people of the Balkans.[6]
See also
- Vlachs, also known as Wallachs
- Theodiscus
- Names of the Celts
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ringe, Don. "Inheritance versus lexical borrowing: a case with decisive sound-change evidence." Language Log, January 2009.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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