Английская Википедия:.357 SIG

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox firearm cartridge

The .357 SIG (designated as the 357 Sig by the SAAMI[1] and 357 SIG by the C.I.P.[2] or 9×22mm in unofficial metric notation) is a bottlenecked rimless centerfire handgun cartridge developed by the Swiss-German firearms manufacturer SIG Sauer, in cooperation with ammunition manufacturer Federal Premium. The cartridge is used by a number of law enforcement agencies.[3]

History

The .357 SIG is based on a necked-down 10mm Auto case, although the 10mm Auto case utilizes a large pistol primer, whereas the .357 SIG uses a small pistol primer as does the .40 S&W. Other than specialized competition cartridges like the 9×25mm Dillon (1988), which necked a 10mm Auto case down to a 9 mm bullet, the .357 SIG (1994) was the first modern bottleneck commercial handgun cartridge since the early 1960s, when Winchester introduced a .257 caliber round based on the .357 Magnum, the now obsolete .256 Winchester Magnum (1960). Then Remington introduced the unsuccessful .22 Remington Jet (1961), which necked a .357 Magnum case down to a .22 caliber bullet, and the .221 Remington Fireball (1963), a shortened version of their .222 Remington.

Due to its expense, as .357 SIG practice ammo is about twice the cost of 9mm and around 50% more than .40 S&W, .357 SIG never achieved widespread adoption like .40 S&W.[4][5][6]

Cartridge dimensions

The .357 SIG has 1.27 ml (19.5 grains H2O) cartridge case capacity.

Файл:357 SIG.svg

.357 SIG maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions.[2] All sizes in millimeters.

Several sources have published contradicting information regarding .357 SIG headspacing.[7] This is due to the cartridge having been originally designed as a .357 (9.02mm) round, but then rapidly adapted to the .355 (9mm) bullet. According to the official C.I.P. (Commission Internationale Permanente Pour L'Epreuve Des Armes A Feu Portatives) 2008 revised documents, the .357 SIG headspaces on the case mouth (H2).[8] Some US sources are in conflict with this standard.[9] However, the cartridge and chamber drawing in the ANSI/SAAMI American National Standards also clearly shows the cartridge headspacing on the case mouth.[10] Likewise, US reloading supplier Lyman has published that the .357 SIG headspaces on the case mouth.

According to the C.I.P. rulings the .357 SIG case can handle up to 305 MPa (44,236 psi) piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every pistol cartridge combo has to be proofed at 130% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.
The SAAMI pressure limit for the .357 SIG is set at 275.80 MPa (40,000 psi), piezo pressure.[11]

Conversions

Файл:357SIG ammo.jpg
Left to right: .357 SIG, 10mm Auto, .40 S&W

While it is based on a 10 mm case necked down to accept Шаблон:Convert bullets, the .357 SIG cartridge case is slightly longer than .40 S&W by Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert total. Most .40 S&W pistols can be converted to .357 SIG by replacing the barrel, but sometimes the recoil spring must also be changed. Pistols with especially strong recoil springs can accept either cartridge with a barrel change. Magazines will freely interchange between the two cartridges in most pistols. .357 SIG barrel kits have allowed this cartridge to gain in popularity among handgun owners.

Performance

The table below shows common performance parameters for several .357 SIG loads. Bullet weights ranging from Шаблон:Convert have been offered. Loads are available with energies from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert, and penetration depths from Шаблон:Convert to over Шаблон:Convert are available for various applications and risk assessments. Note: Underwood now also offers a standard pressure 65 gr .357 SIG Xtreme Defender (XD) round with a muzzle velocity of 2100 fps, muzzle energy of 636 ft. lbs. and a penetration depth of 17.5 inches.

Manufacturer Load Mass Velocity Energy Expansion[12] Penetration[12] PC[12] TSC[12]
Triton Quik-Shok Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert frag Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert (est)
Winchester Ranger T Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert (est)
Federal Premium JHP Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert (est)
Speer Gold Dot JHP Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert (est)
Remington JHP Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert (est)
Federal Premium JHP Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert (est)
Underwood Gold Dot JHP Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert (est)


Key:
Expansion – expanded bullet diameter (ballistic gelatin).
Penetration – penetration depth (ballistic gelatin).
PC – permanent cavity volume (ballistic gelatin, FBI method).
TSC – temporary stretch cavity volume (ballistic gelatin).

Because of its relatively high velocity[13] for a handgun round, the .357 SIG has an unusually flat trajectory, extending the effective range. However, it does not quite reach the performance of the .357 Magnum with bullets heavier than Шаблон:Convert. Offsetting this general slight disadvantage in performance is that semi-automatic pistols tend to carry considerably more ammunition than revolvers.

The Virginia State Police has reported that attacking dogs have been stopped dead in their tracks by a single shot, whereas the former 147 grain 9 mm duty rounds would require multiple shots to incapacitate the animals.[14] Proponents of the hydrostatic shock theory contend that the energy available in the .357 SIG is sufficient for imparting hydrostatic shock with well-designed bullets.[15][16][17] Users have commented, "We're really impressed with the stopping power of the .357 SIG round."[3]

The bottleneck shape of the .357 SIG cartridge makes feeding problems almost non-existent.[18]

The "Accurate Powder" reloading manual claims that it is "without a doubt the most ballistically consistent handgun cartridge we have ever worked with."[11]

Characteristics

Файл:9mm 7,62mm 357sig 10mm 45SW 45GAP 50AE 002.jpg
From left to right: 9mm, 7.62×25mm Tokarev, .357 SIG, 10mm Auto, .40 S&W, .45 GAP, .50 AE.

The goal of the .357 SIG project was to offer a level of performance equal to the highly effective Шаблон:Convert .357 Magnum load.[19][20] Measurements of standard factory .357 SIG cartridges loaded with Шаблон:Convert bullets showed approximate muzzle velocities of Шаблон:Convert out of a Шаблон:Convert barrel, which is essentially identical to the .357 Magnum with the same bullet weight and barrel length.[21][22] These measurements were performed with a Thompson Center Encore 1842 break-action, single-shot pistol/rifle, preventing differing barrel length definitions between semi-automatic pistols and revolvers giving revolvers a potential muzzle velocity advantage.[23]

With a simplistic approach to physics, recoil being directly proportional to "muzzle velocity × bullet mass" (due to conservation of momentum), the recoil of the .357 SIG is equal to or slightly less than that of the .40 S&W, and less than that of the full-power 10mm Auto loads or the original .357 Magnum,[24] This simple approach to recoil is incomplete since the properties of the bullet alone do not determine the felt recoil, but also the rocket-like blast of propellant gases coming out of the barrel after the bullet leaves the muzzle.[25] A more accurate view on recoil is that it is proportional to the mass of all ejecta × velocity of ejecta.[26]

In comparing the energy levels of premium self-defense ammunition, the muzzle energy of Шаблон:Convert of the Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert .357 SIG load is greater than either the Шаблон:Convert generated by a Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Speer GoldDot .40 S&W load or the Шаблон:Convert generated by a Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Speer GoldDot .40 S&W load.[27]

Implementation

Файл:357 SIG - FMJ - SB - 3.jpg
Oblique view of a .357 SIG FMJ cartridge.

In 1994, Sig released the P229 pistol, the first production handgun introduced that was chambered in .357 SIG and specifically designed to handle the higher pressures of that round.[28]

However, in 2013 the Texas DPS decided to replace their .357 SIG handguns with 9mm handguns.[29] The ability to carry more rounds per magazine (9mm vs. .357 SIG) in a lighter gun were among the stated reasons for the change.[30] That transition was suspended after recruits in the A-2014 class, the first to train with the new S&W M&P 9mm polymer handguns, experienced numerous malfunctions with those weapons.[31]

The newer SIG Sauer P229 in .357 SIG has been adopted for use by agents and officers of the following national and state law enforcement organizations (LEO):

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:30Remington

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 The Gun Digest Book of Sig-Sauer: a complete look at Sig-Sauer pistols. Massad Ayoob. 2004. pp. 51–53.
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 Marshall and Sanow, Stopping Power, Paladin 2001, p. 75.
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Ayoob, Massad. (2002). The Gun Digest Book of Combat Handgunnery, 5th edition: Krause Publications. Шаблон:ISBN
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite arXiv
  16. ↑ Sturtevant B, Shock Wave Effects in Biomechanics, Sadhana, 23: 579–596, 1998.
  17. ↑ Courtney A, Courtney M: Links between traumatic brain injury and ballistic pressure waves originating in the thoracic cavity and extremities. Brain Injury 21(7): 657–662, 2007.
  18. ↑ Gun Digest Buyer's Guide to Concealed-Carry Handguns By Jerry Ahern. 2010. p. 35.
  19. ↑ recorded results in Street Stoppers pg 173 .357 Magnum and Handgun Stopping Power by Marshall & Sanow
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite arXiv
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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