Английская Википедия:.gov

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox Top level domain The domain name gov is a sponsored top-level domain (sTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. The name is derived from the word government, indicating its restricted use by government entities. The TLD is administered by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), a component of the United States Department of Homeland Security.

.gov is one of the original six top-level domains, defined in RFC 920. Though "originally intended for any kind of government office or agency", only U.S.-based government entities may register .gov domain names, a result of the Internet originating as a U.S. government-sponsored research network.

Other countries typically delegate a second-level domain for government operations on their country-code top-level domain (ccTLD); for example, .gov.uk is the domain for the Government of the United Kingdom, and .gc.ca is the domain for the Government of Canada. The United States is the only country that has a government-specific top-level domain in addition to its ccTLD (.us).

.gov domains are registered at get.gov.

History

Шаблон:Mono is one of the original top-level domains created in 1984 (the other five being Шаблон:Mono, Шаблон:Mono, Шаблон:Mono, Шаблон:Mono, and Шаблон:Mono). The first site registered was Шаблон:Mono in June 1985.

Beginning in 1997, the General Services Administration (GSA) began administering .gov. In February 2011, the GSA selected Verisign to manage the registry services, replacing Native Technologies, Inc.

Responsibility for the TLD was transferred to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) under the DOTGOV Online Trust in Government Act of 2020, part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021.

In January 2023, CISA selected Cloudflare to replace Verisign in providing registry services. Cloudflare will also provide authoritative DNS services for the .gov domain.

Use

Many governments in the United States use a .gov domain, though most use .us (e.g., leg.state.nv.us), .com (e.g., myflorida.com), .org (e.g., lacity.org), or other TLDs (e.g., senate.mn). The full list of registered .gov domains is published at get.gov/data.

During GSA's administration of .gov, registration and annual renewal fees peaked at $400 per year. When CISA began managing the TLD in April 2021, all fees were removed.

Federal Executive branch policy requires the use of .gov for civilian agencies, but some U.S. government-related websites use non-.gov domain names, including the United States Postal Service (e.g., usps.com) and various recruiting websites for armed services (e.g., goarmy.com). The United States Department of Defense and its subsidiary organizations typically use the .mil sTLD instead of .gov.

Eligibility

U.S.-based government organizations and publicly controlled entities are eligible to obtain a .gov domain. This includes federal, state, local, or territorial government, as well as any tribal government recognized by the federal government or a state government.

To register a .gov domain, an authorization letter must be submitted to CISA. The signer of the letter differs by entity type, but it is typically an agency's head, chief information officer (CIO), or highest-ranking or elected official.

Historically, only U.S. federal government agencies were allowed to register a .gov domain. In May 2002, GSA proposed a change that would open registration to state, local, and tribal governments in the U.S., a change that went into effect in March 2003.

In November 2019, before the transfer of .gov to CISA, GSA's authorization process was shown to be weak after someone impersonated the mayor of Exeter, Rhode Island in an authorization letter and successfully gained control of exeterri.gov. In response, GSA said it had implemented additional fraud prevention controls, and CISA advocated for transferring the TLD from GSA.

Policy

The DOTGOV Act requires that CISA maintain requirements that “minimize the risk of .gov internet domains whose names could mislead or confuse users”. These include:

• Requested names must correspond with the requesting entity's organization's name or services.
• Generic terms are reserved for federal agencies, though generic words can be combined with state or local municipality names.
• Most non-federal domain types require a two-letter United States postal abbreviations or state name equivalent, though exceptions are made. Rules have been established for municipalities whose names are unique, who are well-known, or that are among the most populous cities and counties in the nation.

The Act also requires that .gov domains not be used for political campaign or commercial purposes, and that domains are registered only by authorized individuals.

.gov has been used to serve certain policy goals. As an action following Executive Order 13571, President Barack Obama restricted executive branch agencies from registering new .gov domains in an attempt to eliminate unnecessary, redundant, or outdated sites. US government agencies used the .gov registrar to make it easy for new registrants to opt-in to HTTPS preloading and to make it easier for the public to report potential security issues.

Use by states and territories

Шаблон:As of, all states, the District of Columbia, and all territories except for the Northern Mariana Islands have operational domains in gov:

State or territory	Domain
Alabama	al.gov and alabama.gov
Alaska	ak.gov and alaska.gov
American Samoa	as.gov and americansamoa.gov
Arizona	az.gov and arizona.gov
Arkansas	ar.gov and arkansas.gov
California	ca.gov and california.gov
Colorado	co.gov and colorado.gov
Connecticut	ct.gov
Delaware	de.gov and delaware.gov
District of Columbia	dc.gov
Florida	florida.gov and fl.gov (redirects to myflorida.com)
Georgia	ga.gov and georgia.gov
Guam	guam.gov
Hawaii	hawaii.gov ehawaii.gov and hi.gov
Idaho	id.gov and idaho.gov
Illinois	il.gov and illinois.gov
Indiana	in.gov and indiana.gov
Iowa	ia.gov and iowa.gov
Kansas	ks.gov and kansas.gov
Kentucky	ky.gov and kentucky.gov
Louisiana	la.gov and louisiana.gov
Maine	me.gov and maine.gov
Maryland	md.gov and maryland.gov
Massachusetts	ma.gov mass.gov and massachusetts.gov
Michigan	mi.gov and michigan.gov
Minnesota	mn.gov and minnesota.gov
Mississippi	ms.gov and mississippi.gov
Missouri	mo.gov and missouri.gov
Montana	mt.gov and montana.gov
Nebraska	ne.gov and nebraska.gov
Nevada	nv.gov and nevada.gov
New Hampshire	nh.gov and newhampshire.gov
New Jersey	nj.gov and newjersey.gov
New Mexico	nm.gov and newmexico.gov
New York	ny.gov
North Carolina	nc.gov and northcarolina.gov
North Dakota	nd.gov and northdakota.gov
Ohio	oh.gov and ohio.gov
Oklahoma	ok.gov and oklahoma.gov
Oregon	oregon.gov
Pennsylvania	pa.gov and pennsylvania.gov
Puerto Rico	pr.gov
Rhode Island	ri.gov and rhodeisland.gov
South Carolina	sc.gov and southcarolina.gov
South Dakota	sd.gov
Tennessee	tn.gov and tennessee.gov
Texas	tx.gov and texas.gov
Utah	utah.gov
Vermont	vt.gov and vermont.gov
Virgin Islands	vi.gov
Virginia	virginia.gov
Washington	wa.gov and washington.gov
West Virginia	wv.gov
Wisconsin	wi.gov and wisconsin.gov
Wyoming	wy.gov and wyoming.gov

International equivalents

While the use of gov as a top-level domain is restricted to the United States, several other countries have second-level domains of the same name or similar semantics for governmental purposes, including:

Country or Territory	Domain	Notes
Afghanistan	gov.af
Albania	gov.al
Algeria	gov.dz
Andorra	gov.ad
Angola	gov.ao
Anguilla	gov.ai	British overseas territory
Armenia	gov.am
Aruba	gov.aw	Part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Argentina	gob.ar
Austria	gv.at
Australia	gov.au
Åland	gov.ax	Part of Finland
Azerbaijan	gov.az
Bahamas	gov.bs
Bangladesh	gov.bd
Barbados	gov.bb
Belarus	gov.by
Belgium	gov.be	gov.be is for national matters, the Belgian Federal Government is using fgov.be and belgium.be
Bulgaria	gov.bg	Only the Council of Ministers uses this site.
Brazil	gov.br
Chile	gob.cl or gov.cl
Canada	gc.ca	All other provinces and territories of Canada: gov.{xx}.ca where '{xx}' is the applicable province or territory's postal abbreviation, except Quebec, which uses gouv.qc.ca, and New Brunswick, which uses gnb.ca
Шаблон:SpaceQuebec	gouv.qc.ca	Part of Canada
China	gov.cn
Шаблон:SpaceHong Kong	gov.hk	Part of China
Шаблон:SpaceMacau	gov.mo	Part of China
Colombia	gov.co
Croatia	gov.hr
Cyprus	gov.cy
Czechia	gov.cz
Egypt	gov.eg
El Salvador	gob.sv
Greece	gov.gr
Finland	gov.fi
France	gouv.fr	Stands for the French word gouvernement
Hungary	gov.hu
India	gov.in
Indonesia	go.id
Iran	gov.ir
Iraq	gov.iq
Шаблон:SpaceKurdistan Regional Government	gov.krd	Part of Iraq
Ireland	gov.ie
Israel	gov.il
Italy	gov.it
Japan	go.jp
Kazakhstan	gov.kz
Kenya	go.ke
Latvia	gov.lv
Lebanon	gov.lb
Lithuania	gov.lt
Malaysia	gov.my
Malta	gov.mt
Mexico	gob.mx
Morocco	gov.ma
Myanmar (Burma)	gov.mm
Nepal	gov.np
New Caledonia	gouv.nc	Part of French overseas
New Zealand	govt.nz
Nigeria	gov.ng
North Korea	gov.kp
Paraguay	gov.py
Peru	gob.pe
Pakistan	gov.pk
Philippines	gov.ph
Poland	gov.pl
Portugal	gov.pt
Romania	gov.ro
Russia	gov.ru
Singapore	gov.sg
Slovakia	gov.sk
Slovenia	gov.si
South Africa	gov.za
South Korea	go.kr
Spain	gob.es
Sri Lanka	gov.lk
Sweden	gov.se
Switzerland	admin.ch
Taiwan (Republic of China)	gov.tw
Thailand	go.th
Trinidad and Tobago	gov.tt
Turkey	gov.tr
Ukraine	gov.ua
United Kingdom	gov.uk
Шаблон:SpaceScotland	gov.scot	Part of the United Kingdom
Шаблон:SpaceWales	gov.wales	Part of the United Kingdom
Шаблон:SpaceGuernsey	gov.gg	British Crown dependency
Шаблон:SpaceJersey	gov.je	British Crown dependency
Шаблон:SpaceIsle of Man	gov.im	British Crown dependency
Шаблон:SpaceBermuda	gov.bm	British Overseas Territory
Шаблон:SpaceBritish Virgin Islands	gov.vg	British Overseas Territory
Шаблон:SpaceCayman Islands	gov.ky	British Overseas Territory
Шаблон:SpaceFalkland Islands	gov.fk	British Overseas Territory
Шаблон:SpacePitcairn Islands	government.pn	British Overseas Territory
Шаблон:SpaceTurks & Caicos Islands	gov.tc	British Overseas Territory
Uruguay	gub.uy
Venezuela	gob.ve
Vietnam	gov.vn

See also

• usa.gov
• .us

External links

• Official .gov registration site
• IANA gov whois information
• Шаблон:IETF RFC Domain Requirements (defined .com and the other original top-level domains)
• Шаблон:IETF RFC U.S. Government Internet Domain Names
• Complete list of .gov domains