Английская Википедия:1-Methylnicotinamide

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1-Methylnicotinamide (trigonellamide) is a prototypic organic cation.[1] 1-Methylnicotinamide is the methylated amide of Nicotinamide (niacinamide, vitamin B3).

1-Methylnicotinamide is an endogenic substance that is produced in the liver when Nicotinamide is metabolized. It is a typical substance secreted in the kidney.

Occurrence

The highest natural concentration of 1-methylnicotinamide found so far is in the alga Undaria pinnatifida.[2] 1-Methylnicotinamide is also present in the Judas' ear fungus and in green tea.[2]

Extraction and production

1-Methylnicotinamide can be produced in the liver by nicotinamide N-methyltransferase. The reaction takes place during the metabolism of NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NNMT gene.[3] NNMT catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide and similar compounds using the methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e) to produce [[S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine|S-adenosyl-Шаблон:Sc-homocysteine]] (SAH) and 1-methylnicotinamide.[4] NNMT is highly expressed in the human liver.[4]

Use

For a long time, 1-methylnicotinamide was considered a biologically inactive metabolite of nicotinamide. However, various studies show antithrombotic,[5] anti-inflammatory,[6] gastroprotective[7] and vasoprotective[7] properties.

1-Methylnicotinamide is an endogenous activator of prostacyclin synthesis and can therefore regulate thrombolyticШаблон:Typo help inline and inflammatory processes in the cardiovascular system.[8] It inhibits platelet-dependent thrombosis through a mechanism involving[9] cyclooxygenase-2 and prostacyclin and increases nitric oxide bioavailability in the endothelium.[7][4]

Animal experiments with diabetic rats have shown that 1-methylnicotinamide has a positive effect on degenerative changes in the brain and cognitive performance can be thus longer maintained.[10]

Experiments with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans showed that the addition of 1-methylnicotinamide can extend their lifespan. This may possibly be attributed to increased free radical binding and the resulting reduced oxidative stress.[11]

1-Methylnicotinamide is used in cosmetic products such as hair- and skincare products and as a dietary supplement.[12]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Renal physiology