Английская Википедия:1-Propanol
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Chembox
1-Propanol (also propan-1-ol, propanol, n-propyl alcohol) is a primary alcohol with the formula Шаблон:Chem2 and sometimes represented as PrOH or n-PrOH. It is a colourless liquid and an isomer of 2-propanol. It is formed naturally in small amounts during many fermentation processes and used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly for resins and cellulose esters, and, sometimes, as a disinfecting agent.
Chemical properties
1-Propanol shows the normal reactions of a primary alcohol. Thus it can be converted to alkyl halides; for example red phosphorus and iodine produce n-propyl iodide in 80% yield, while [[phosphorus trichloride|Шаблон:Chem2]] with catalytic [[Zinc chloride|Шаблон:Chem2]] gives n-propyl chloride. Reaction with acetic acid in the presence of an [[sulfuric acid|Шаблон:Chem2]] catalyst under Fischer esterification conditions gives propyl acetate, while refluxing propanol overnight with formic acid alone can produce propyl formate in 65% yield. Oxidation of 1-propanol with [[Sodium dichromate|Шаблон:Chem2]] and Шаблон:Chem2 gives a 36% yield of propionaldehyde, and therefore for this type of reaction higher yielding methods using PCC or the Swern oxidation are recommended. Oxidation with chromic acid yields propionic acid.
Preparation
1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. Propionaldehyde is produced via the oxo process by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as cobalt octacarbonyl or a rhodium complex.[1]
A traditional laboratory preparation of 1-propanol involves treating n-propyl iodide with moist [[silver(I) oxide|Шаблон:Chem2]].
Safety
1-Propanol is thought to be similar to ethanol in its effects on the human body, but 2–4 times more potent according to a study conducted on rabbits. Many toxicology studies find oral acute LD50 ranging from 1.9 g/kg to 6.5 g/kg (compared to 7.06 g/kg for ethanol). It is metabolized into propionic acid. Effects include alcoholic intoxication and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. As of 2011, one case of lethal poisoning was reported following oral ingestion of 500mL of 1-propanol.[2] Due to lack of long term data, the carcinogenicity of 1-propanol in human beings is unknown.
1-Propanol as fuel
1-Propanol has high octane number and is suitable for engine fuel usage. However, propanol is too expensive to use as a motor fuel. The research octane number (RON) of propanol is 118, and anti-knock index (AKI) is 108.[3]
References
Further reading
External links
Шаблон:Alcohols Шаблон:Antiseptics and disinfectants Шаблон:Sedatives Шаблон:GABAAR PAMs
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