Английская Википедия:112th United States Congress

House of Representatives member pin for the 112th U.S. Congress

^[1]The 112th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2011, until January 3, 2013. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2011, and ended on January 3, 2013, 17 days before the end of the presidential term to which Barack Obama was elected in 2008. Senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress. This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from congressional districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census.^[2]^[3]

In the 2010 midterm elections, the Republican Party won the majority in the House of Representatives. While the Democrats kept their Senate majority, it was reduced from the previous Congress.^[4]

This was the first Congress in which the House and Senate were controlled by different parties since the 107th Congress (2001–2003), and the first Congress to begin that way since the 99th Congress (1985–1987).Шаблон:Citation needed It was also the first Congress since the 36th Congress, over 150 years, in which the Republican Party held the House but not the Senate. In this Congress, the House of Representatives had the largest number of Republican members, 242, since the 80th Congress (1947–1949).^[5] This was the only Congress between the 79th (1945–1947) and the 117th (2021–2023) that did not include a member of the Kennedy family.

As of 2022, this is the most recent Congress in which Democrats held a Senate seat in Nebraska or a House seat in Arkansas, the last in which Republicans held both Senate seats in Maine, and the last in which Democrats did not hold all seats in Connecticut.

Шаблон:TOC limit

Major events

Файл:2011 State of the Union.jpg

President Obama delivered the 2011 State of the Union Address on January 25, 2011

Файл:Barack Obama with Gabrielle Giffords at the 2012 State of the Union 01-24-12.jpg

After delivering the 2012 State of the Union Address on January 24, 2012, President Obama embraces Representative Gabby Giffords, who had been shot the previous year.

Шаблон:Main

January 6, 2011: On the second day of the 112th Congress, the House of Representatives read a modified version of the U.S. Constitution, a first.^[6]
January 8, 2011: 2011 Tucson shooting: Representative Gabby Giffords and nineteen other people were shot by a gunman in Tucson, Arizona. Six of them, including a federal judge and a congressional aide, died. Votes on the House floor were suspended for one week.
January 25, 2011: 2011 State of the Union Address
March 19, 2011: The United States initiated Operation Odyssey Dawn as part of the international military intervention in the Libyan Civil War.^[7] The intervention continued under the auspices of NATO as Operation Unified Protector until the end of military operations in October 2011.
May 2, 2011: Navy SEALs killed al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden in Operation Neptune Spear.
April 9, 2011: A last-minute deal between both parties averts a partial shutdown of the federal government.
August 2, 2011: The 2011 debt-ceiling crisis ends with the Budget Control Act of 2011.
December 18, 2011: The United States completed its withdrawal of troops from Iraq, formally ending the Iraq War.^[8]
January 24, 2012: 2012 State of the Union Address
June 28, 2012: In National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, the Supreme Court upheld the Affordable Care Act's constitutionality but found the expansion of Medicaid unconstitutionally coercive on the states.
November 6, 2012: 2012 general elections, including:
- 2012 United States House of Representatives elections, in which Democrats gained eight seats, but not enough to retake the majority
- 2012 United States Senate elections, in which Democrats gained two seats in their majority
- 2012 United States presidential election, in which Barack Obama was re-elected to a second term
December 14, 2012: The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting leaves 28 dead, and prompts debate on gun control in the United States.^[9]
January 1, 2013: United States fiscal cliff avoided. (See American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012)

Potential government shutdown

Шаблон:Wikinews A failure to pass a 2011 federal budget nearly led to a shutdown of non-essential government services on April 9, 2011, with the furlough of 800,000 government employees appearing imminent.^[10] President Obama met Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and House Speaker John Boehner in the days preceding the deadline but was unable to come to an agreement to pass a budget.Шаблон:Citation needed A one-week budget was proposed to avoid a government shutdown and allow more time for negotiations; however, proposals from both parties could not be accommodated.Шаблон:Citation needed Obama said he would veto a proposed Republican budget over Republican social spending cuts.Шаблон:Citation needed This was also backed by Senate Democrats who objected to such cuts as that of Planned Parenthood.^[11]^[12]^[13] However, an agreement was reached between the two parties for a one-week budget to allow for more time to negotiate after Republicans dropped their stance on the Planned Parenthood issue.^[12] The two parties ultimately agreed on a 2011 federal budget the following week.Шаблон:Citation needed

There were many reactions to the possible shutdown with some saying the economy could be hurt during a fragile recovery^[14] and others saying the lack of an unnecessary bureaucracy would not be noticed.^[15] There was also criticism that while senators and representatives would continue to get paid others such as the police and military personnel would either not be paid for their work or have their payments deferred.^[16]

Debt limit crisis

Файл:President Obama & John Boehner debt ceiling negotiations.jpg

Speaker Boehner meeting with President Obama at the White House during the 2011 debt ceiling crisis

Шаблон:Wikinews Шаблон:Main On August 2, 2011, the United States public debt was projected to reach its statutory maximum. Without an increase in that limit the U.S. Treasury would be unable to borrow money to pay its bills. Although previous statutory increases have been routine, conservative members of the House refused to allow an increase without drastically reducing government spending. Over several weeks and months, negotiators from both parties, both houses, and the White House worked to forge a compromise. The compromise bill, the Budget Control Act of 2011, was enacted on August 2.

Major legislation

Enacted

Шаблон:Main

April 15, 2011: 2011 United States federal budget (as Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011), Шаблон:Uspl
August 2, 2011: Budget Control Act of 2011, Шаблон:USPL
September 16, 2011: Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, Шаблон:USPL
October 21, 2011: United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, Шаблон:USPL
October 21, 2011: United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, Шаблон:USPL
October 21, 2011: United States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, Шаблон:USPL
December 20, 2011: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, Pub.L. 112-74
December 31, 2011: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, Шаблон:USPL
February 22, 2012: Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, Шаблон:USPL
March 8, 2012: Federal Restricted Buildings and Grounds Improvement Act of 2011, Шаблон:USPL
April 4, 2012: Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (STOCK Act), Шаблон:USPL
April 5, 2012: Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act), Шаблон:USPL
May 30, 2012: Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2012, Pub.L. 112-122
July 6, 2012: Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21 Act), Шаблон:USPL
July 9, 2012: Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA), Шаблон:USPL
September 28, 2012: Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013, Шаблон:USPL
November 27, 2012: Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012, Шаблон:USPL
November 27, 2012: European Union Emissions Trading Scheme Prohibition Act, Pub.L. 112-200
December 14, 2012: Magnitsky Act, Шаблон:USPL
January 2, 2013: American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, Шаблон:USPL
January 10, 2013: Katie Sepich Enhanced DNA Collection Act of 2012 (Katie's Law), Pub.L. 111-253

Proposed

See also: Active Legislation, 112th Congress, via senate.gov

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section, below.

Senate

Файл:112USSenateStructure.svg

Final Senate Membership
Шаблон:Legend0 Шаблон:Right
Шаблон:Center

	Party (shading indicates majority caucus)			Total	Vacant
	style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" \|	style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" \|	style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" \|
	Democratic	Independent (caucusing with Democrats)	Republican
End of previous Congress	Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| 56	Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| 2	42	100	0

Begin	rowspan=3 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| 51	rowspan=7 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| 2	47	100	0
May 3, 2011	46	99	1
May 9, 2011	47	100	0
December 17, 2012		Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| 50	99	1
December 26, 2012		rowspan=3 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| 51	100	0
January 1, 2013	46	99	1
January 2, 2013	47	100	0
Final voting share	colspan=2 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| Шаблон:Percentage	Шаблон:Percentage

Beginning of the next Congress	Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| 53	Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| 2	45	100	0

House of Representatives

Файл:112thHouseofReps.svg

Final House Membership
Шаблон:Legend0 Шаблон:Right
Шаблон:Center

	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)		Total	Vacant
	style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" \|	style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" \|
	Democratic	Republican
End of previous Congress	Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic \| 255	179	434	1

Begin	193	Шаблон:Party shading/Republican \| 242	435	0
February 9, 2011	193	Шаблон:Party shading/Republican rowspan=2 \| 241	434	1
February 28, 2011	192	433	2
May 9, 2011	192	rowspan=5 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican \| 240	432	3
May 24, 2011	193	433	2
June 21, 2011	192	432	3
July 12, 2011	193	433	2
August 3, 2011	192	432	3
September 13, 2011	192	rowspan=6 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican \| 242	434	1
January 25, 2012	191	433	2
January 31, 2012	192	434	1
March 6, 2012	191	433	2
March 20, 2012	190	432	3
June 12, 2012	191	433	2
July 7, 2012		Шаблон:Party shading/Republican\| 241	432	3
July 31, 2012		rowspan=2 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican \| 240	431	4
August 15, 2012	190	430	5
November 13, 2012	192	rowspan=4 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican \| 241	433	2
November 15, 2012	193	434	1
November 21, 2012	192	433	2
December 3, 2012	191	432	3
January 2, 2013	191	Шаблон:Party shading/Republican \| 240	431	4
Final voting share	Шаблон:Percentage	Шаблон:Party shading/Republican \| Шаблон:Percentage
Non-voting members	6	0	6	0

Beginning of next Congress	200	Шаблон:Party shading/Republican \| 233	433	2

Leadership

Шаблон:Congress leadership TOC

Senate

Шаблон:Multiple image Шаблон:Multiple image

President: Joe Biden (D)
President pro tempore: Daniel Inouye (D), until December 17, 2012
- Patrick Leahy (D), from December 17, 2012

Members

For the first time in the history of Congress, over half its members were millionaires as of 2012; Democrats had a median net worth of $1.04 million, while the Republicans median was "almost exactly" $1.00 million.^[22]^[23] In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2012; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2014; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2016.

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Английская Википедия:112th United States Congress

Major events

Potential government shutdown

Debt limit crisis

Major legislation

Enacted

Proposed

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Members

Senate

House of Representatives

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

Senate

House of Representatives

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint appointments

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Elections

Membership lists

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Навигация

Поиск