Английская Википедия:129 (barge)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Coord Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Use mdy dates

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

129 (also known as Barge 129, or No.129) was an American whaleback barge in service between 1893 and 1902. She was built between December 1892 and May 1893, in Superior, Wisconsin, (or West Superior, Wisconsin), by Alexander McDougall's American Steel Barge Company, for McDougall's fleet of the same name, based in Buffalo, New York. She was one of a class of distinctive and experimental ships designed and built by McDougall. The whalebacks were designed to be more stable in high seas. They had rounded decks, and lacked the normal straight sides seen on traditional lake freighters. 129 entered service on May 22, hauling wheat from Superior. She was sold to the Bessemer Steamship Company of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1900. In 1901, she became owned by the Pittsburgh Steamship Company of Duluth, Minnesota, when the Bessemer fleet merged into it.

On October 13, 1902, 129 was downbound, loaded with iron ore, in tow of the bulk freighter Maunaloa. The two vessels encountered rough seas while about Шаблон:Convert northwest of Vermilion Point. 129 broke away, Maunaloa turned around, and attempted to retrieve 129. However, the heavy seas pushed Maunaloa against 129; her port anchor sliced into 129Шаблон:'s starboard side. 129 took on water and sank fast. All of her crew were rescued by Maunaloa.

In October 2022, the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society announced the discovery of 129Шаблон:'s wreck, which was found in Шаблон:Convert off Vermilion Point in Шаблон:Convert of water.

History

Background

Файл:Barge 129 (1).jpg
Stern view of 129

Шаблон:Main 129 was a whaleback, an innovative but unpopular ship design of the late 1880s, designed by Alexander McDougall. A Scottish immigrant, Great Lakes captain, inventor and entrepreneur, McDougall developed the idea of the whaleback as a way to improve the ability of barges to follow a towing vessel in heavy seas.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Whalebacks were characterized by distinctive hull shapes with rounded tops, lacking conventional vertical sides, and conoidal ends.Шаблон:Sfnp Their rounded hulls enabled water to easily slide off their decks, minimising friction, and letting them sail quickly and smoothly through the water.Шаблон:Sfnp Their superstructure was located on turrets mounted on the main deck.Шаблон:Sfnp The rounded contours of whalebacks gave them an unconventional appearance,Шаблон:Sfnp and McDougall's ship and barge designs were received with considerable skepticism, resistance, and derision.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp As they had porcine-looking snouts for bows, some observers called them "pig boats".Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp

After McDougall was unable to persuade existing shipbuilders to try his designs, he founded the American Steel Barge Company in Superior, Wisconsin in 1888 and built them himself. McDougall actively promoted his design and company by sending the steamer Charles W. Wetmore to London and starting another shipyard in Everett, Washington, which built the steamer City of Everett.Шаблон:Sfnp Despite McDougall's further efforts to promote the design with the excursion liner Christopher Columbus, whalebacks never caught on, with only 44 of them being built.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp

Design and construction

Файл:Barge 129 (2).jpg
129, with the whaleback steamer Christopher Columbus visible on the right

129 (also known as Barge 129Шаблон:Sfnp or No.129Шаблон:Sfnp) was constructed between 1892 and 1893 in Superior, Wisconsin, (or West Superior, WisconsinШаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp), by the American Steel Barge Company.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Her first hull frames were laid down on December 5, 1892. She was launched on May 13, 1893.Шаблон:Sfnp 129 was the first of six identical whaleback barges launched in spring and summer of 1893. 129 and her sister ships (130,Шаблон:Sfnp 131,Шаблон:Sfnp 132,Шаблон:Sfnp 133Шаблон:Sfnp and 134Шаблон:Sfnp) were the only whalebacks built by the American Steel Barge Company in 1893.Шаблон:Sfnp She had an overall length Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Sfnp (Шаблон:Convert between perpendicularsШаблон:Sfnp), a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a depth of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfnp She had a gross tonnage of 1,310 (or 1,311Шаблон:Sfnp) tons and a net tonnage of 1,265 (or 1,266Шаблон:Sfnp) tons.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp She was an unrigged barge and was towed by a steam-powered ship.Шаблон:Sfnp

Service history

129 was built by the American Steel Barge Company for the fleet of the same name based in Buffalo, New York.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp She was given a temporary enrollment in Marquette, Michigan on May 12, 1893, and was given the US official number 53276. She received a permanent enrollment on June 3 in Buffalo, her home port.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp 129 entered service on May 22, carrying wheat from Superior, Wisconsin.Шаблон:Sfnp

129 had no recountable incidents during her career.Шаблон:Sfnp In 1895, management of the American Steel Barge Company fleet was taken over by Pickands Mather & Company of Cleveland, Ohio.Шаблон:Sfnp In 1900, 129 and the entire American Steel Barge Company fleet was sold to the Bessemer Steamship Company of Cleveland. When sold, 129Шаблон:'s home port was changed to Duluth, Minnesota.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp 129 and the Bessemer Steamship Company fleet merged into the Pittsburgh Steamship Company of Duluth, managed by Augustus B. Wolvin.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp

Файл:Maunaloa.jpg
Maunaloa

Final voyage

On October 13, 1902, while in tow of the Шаблон:Convert steel bulk freighter Maunaloa, 129 was downbound, with 2,300 tons of iron ore in her cargo hold.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Maunaloa and 129 encountered rough seas while about Шаблон:Convert northwest of Vermilion Point on Lake Superior.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp In the gale, the towline between 129 and Maunaloa was severed.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Maunaloa turned around and attempted to retrieve 129. However, the heavy seas pushed Maunaloa against 129; her port anchor sliced into 129Шаблон:'s starboard side.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp 129 took on water quickly and rapidly sank. There was no loss of life, as Captain Bailey and his crew were picked up by Maunaloa.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Maunaloa sustained no major damage in the collision.Шаблон:Sfnp 129 was a total loss, being valued at $60,000, while her cargo was valued at $10,000.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Her enrollment surrendered on March 25, 1903, in Duluth, Minnesota.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp She was the fourth whaleback to be lost on the Great Lakes.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Efn-ua

129 wreck

Файл:To illustrate the postition of a shipwreck on the lake bottom.jpg
Sonar image of 129Шаблон:'s wreck

On October 12, 2022 the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society announced that after a lengthy search, they had located 129Шаблон:'s wreck Шаблон:Convert off Vermilion Point in Шаблон:Convert of water.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp 129, one of eight wrecks located in 2021 by the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society using side-scan sonar, was positively identified in August 2022.Шаблон:Sfnp She was the last whaleback lost on the Great Lakes to be located.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp The wreck is in four to five large pieces, with several smaller pieces of wreckage also scattered on the lake bottom.Шаблон:Sfnp 129 hit the bottom with such force that her bow sheared off, while the rest of her hull folded in on itself in the middle.Шаблон:Sfnp The tow line is still attached at the bow.Шаблон:Sfnp Darryl Ertel Jr., director of marine operations at the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society described her wreck: "It's totally destroyed on the bottom. It's nowhere near intact. It's at least four to five big pieces and thousands of little pieces. It's just disintegrated."Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp 129Шаблон:'s wreck was explored during the summer of 2022 using a remotely operated vehicle.Шаблон:Sfnp Maritime historian and author Cris Kohl had previously described her as one of the "100 most hunted Great Lakes shipwrecks".Шаблон:Sfnp

See also

Notes

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References

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Sources

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Шаблон:1902 shipwrecks

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