Английская Википедия:152 mm SpGH DANA

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox weapon

The DANA (Dělo automobilní nabíjené automaticky (gun on truck loaded automatically) is a wheeled self-propelled artillery piece. It is also known as the Samohybná Kanónová Húfnica vzor 77 (ShKH vz. 77; self-propelled gun howitzer model 77). It was designed by Konštrukta Trenčín and built by ZTS Dubnica nad Váhom in the former Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia). Introduced in the 1970s, it was the first wheeled 152 mm self-propelled artillery gun to enter service. It is based on a modified eight-wheel drive (8×8) Tatra 815 chassis with excellent cross-country mobility. Currently it is in service with the Czech Republic, Libya, Poland, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Slovakia, and Ukraine.

Compared to tracked vehicles, wheeled vehicles have the advantages of being cheaper to build and easier to maintain with greater mobility. Tire pressure can be regulated to allow good mobility off-road and there is power-assisted steering on the front four wheels. It lowers 3 hydraulic stabilizers into the ground before firing, and has a roof mounted crane to assist with ammunition loading.

The crew of the DANA consists of the driver (operates the hydraulic stabilizers) and commander sitting in the front cabin, the gunner (aims the gun and opens fire) and loader operator (selects the appropriate amount of powder charges) are on the left side of the turret, the ammo handler (sets the shells' primers) is on the right side of the turret.

Original Dana had manual fire control and automatic reloader. Latest version Dana M2 has also computerized automatic fire control, allowing reduction of crew to as few as only 2 persons.

Development

The DANA was designed in the late 1970s by Konštrukta Trenčín to provide the Czechoslovak People's Army with an indigenous self-propelled indirect fire support weapon without having to resort to purchasing the Soviet 2S3 Akatsiya SPG. Design work was completed in 1976 and the DANA project was handed off to production at ZTS Dubnica nad Váhom. It was accepted into service in 1981, and by 1994 over 750 units had been built. The DANA was also exported to Poland and Libya.

Design

The DANA was a significant departure from contemporary self-propelled guns as it used a wheeled chassis and featured an innovative automated loading system which was the first of its kind at the time of its introduction to service. The vehicle has a driving cabin at the front, an open-topped fighting compartment at mid-length and the engine compartment in the rear. The front crew cabin seats both the driver/mechanic and vehicle commander. The armoured turret is installed on a traversable mount adapted to the Tatra 815 wheeled chassis (8x8) and is divided into two halves, divided by the howitzer's recoil mechanism and a pathway for the reciprocating action during firing. The left half of the turret is occupied by the gunner and first loader and houses the various fire control optics, electro-mechanical gun laying controls, the automatic propellant charge feeding device, and an auxiliary ammunition magazine. The right side of the turret contains a mechanized projectile delivery system which is operated by a second loader at this position.

The DANA's primary weapon is a 152 mm howitzer with a monolithic barrel (with a fixed rifling pitch) equipped with one expansion chamber. The howitzer has a semi-automatic, vertically-sliding-wedge-type breech which opens to the left side. The recoil assembly consists of a hydraulic buffer, two pneumatic return cylinders and a controlling plunger which governs the displacement of the buffering system. The gun laying is carried out by an electro-hydraulic drive system or an emergency manual control.

DANA's unique feature is that its autoloader is able to load a shell and a cartridge in any elevation of the barrel.

As there is no gyroscopic or similar system for independent, automated and autonomous gun laying in the DANA, the gunner of howitzer uses a ZZ-73 panoramic telescope with a PG1-M-D collimator for indirect gun laying. This sight has a horizontal scale used to set the appropriate horizontal laying via aiming at reference points. This means that the DANA is not an autonomous system there needs to be an additional device to assist in gun laying (in fact, the firing positions of such artillery systems are usually prepared before the guns are positioned there). For direct fire engagements, the gunner uses an OP5-38-D telescopic sight.

Ammunition

As of 2014, there are three main shell types used by Czech Army:

  1. 152-EOF, which means "high-explosive" with a maximum range of Шаблон:Convert
  2. 152-EOFd, which means "high-explosive long-range" with a maximum range of Шаблон:Convert
  3. 152-EPrSv, which means "high-explosive anti-tank" used for direct-fire at armored targets

General characteristics

  • Length: Шаблон:Convert
  • Width: 2.8 m (9 ft)
  • Height: 2.6 m (8.53 ft)
  • Weight: 23,000 kg (50,706 lbs)
  • Performance:
    • Maximum Road Speed: 80 km/h (50 mph)
    • Range: 600 km (373 mi)
    • Rate of Fire: 3 rpm for 30 minutes
    • Maximum Gun Range: 28 km (17 mi)
    • Fording: 1.4 m (4.59 ft)
    • Vertical Obstacle: 1.5 m (5 ft)
    • Trench: 1.4 m (4.59 ft)
  • Crew: 4 to 5
  • Armament:
  • Elevation: -4° to +70°
  • Traverse: ±45°
  • Powerplant: one V-12 air cooled diesel Tatra T2-939-34 engine delivering 345 horsepower (257.27 kW)

Variants

Variant Image Year Crew Calibre Maximum range Rate of fire Chassis Users Notes
Czechoslovak variants
DANA Файл:BAHNA 2018 - 366.jpg 1979 5 Шаблон:Convert
37 calibers
Шаблон:Convert
Шаблон:Convert (DN1CZ shells)
5 rounds per minute
2 rounds per minute in manual mode
36 rounds carried in autoloader, up to 60 in total
Tatra 815 8x8
V12 engine Tatra T2-930-34 Шаблон:Convert
Шаблон:CZE
Шаблон:GEO
Шаблон:POL
Шаблон:UKR
Former operators:
Шаблон:CSK
Шаблон:SVK
Шаблон:Flaglist
Шаблон:USSR
ONDAVA Файл:Lešany, Vojenské muzeum, bojová technika IV.JPG Late 1980s 4 Шаблон:Convert
47 calibers
Шаблон:Convert 6 rounds per minute
2 rounds per minute in manual mode
36 rounds carried in autoloader, 40 in total
Tatra 815 8x8
V12 engine Tatra T3-930-52 Шаблон:Convert
Prototype only. [1]
Slovak development
MODAN 1999 4 Шаблон:Convert
42 calibers
Шаблон:Convert 5 rounds per minute
2 rounds per minute in manual mode
36 rounds carried in autoloader, 60 in total
Tatra 815 8x8
V12 engine Tatra T3-930-52 Шаблон:Convert
Former:
Шаблон:SVK
[2]
M2000 Zuzana Файл:155mm Skh Zuzana.jpg 1998 4 Шаблон:Convert
45 calibers
Шаблон:Convert 5 rounds per minute
2 rounds per minute in manual mode
36 rounds carried in autoloader, 40 in total
Tatra 815 8x8
V12 engine Tatra T3-930-52 Шаблон:Convert
Шаблон:SVK
Шаблон:CYP
[3]
A40 Himalaya 4 Шаблон:Convert
45 calibers
Шаблон:Convert 5 rounds per minute
2 rounds per minute in manual mode
36 rounds carried in autoloader, 40 in total
T-72 tank chassis
V-46 engine Шаблон:Convert
Prototype only [4]
Zuzana 2 Файл:Slovak Ground Forces Zuzana 2 first time outside Slovakia (1) (cropped).jpg 2019 4 Шаблон:Convert
52,9 calibers
Шаблон:Convert
Шаблон:Convert (VLAP shells)
5 rounds per minute
2 rounds per minute in manual mode
40 rounds carried
Tatra 817 8x8
V8 engine Tatra T3D-928-70 Шаблон:Convert
Шаблон:SVK
Шаблон:UKR
[5]
Czech development
DANA M1 Файл:Military parade in Baku June 26, 2018 (3).jpg 2011 5 Шаблон:Convert
37 calibers
Шаблон:Convert
Шаблон:Convert (DN1CZ shells)
5 rounds per minute
2 rounds per minute in manual mode
36 rounds carried in autoloaderl, up to 60 in total
Tatra 815 8x8
V12 engine Tatra T3-930-52M Шаблон:Convert
Шаблон:AZE [6]
DANA M2 Файл:Dana SPG, Kyiv 2019, 02.jpg 2018 2 minimum (+1) Шаблон:Convert
37 calibers
Шаблон:Convert
Шаблон:Convert (DN1CZ shells)
5 rounds per minute
2 rounds per minute in manual mode
36 rounds carried in autoloader, up to 60 in total
Tatra 815 8x8
V12 engine Tatra T3-930-52M Шаблон:Convert
Шаблон:POL
Шаблон:UKR
[7]
DITA 2021 2 minimum (+1) Шаблон:Convert
45 calibers
Шаблон:Convert (HE BB shell) 6 rounds per minute
40 rounds carried in autoloader
Tatra 817 8x8
V8 engine Tatra T3D-928-90 Шаблон:Convert
Prototype only. [8]
MORANA 2022 3 Шаблон:Convert
52 calibers
Indirect fire: Шаблон:Convert (HE BB shell)
Direct fire: Шаблон:Convert[9]
6 rounds per minute (including Multiple round simultaneous impact)[9]
45 rounds carried in autoloader
Tatra 817 8x8
I6 engine Cummins ISX Шаблон:Convert
STANAG Level 2 Armor protection[9]
Prototype only. [10] [11]

Combat history

Файл:Samobieżna armatohaubica wzór 1977 Dana self-propelled howitzer in Afghanistan.jpg
Polish artillery supporting Polish, U.S. and Afghan forces in Afghanistan

Used by Georgia against Russia during the Russo-Georgian War. Two Georgian DANAs were destroyed and two captured in 2008.Шаблон:Sfn

Used by Poland during the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). Five Polish DANAs had been used in Afghanistan in Ghazni Province since 2008.

Used by Azerbaijan in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war against Armenia.[12]

Used by Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. An unknown number of 152 mm ShKH DANA M2 and 152 mm ShKH DANA vz. 77 were supplied by the Czech Republic in 2022.[13][14]

Operators

Файл:SpGH DANA operators.png
Шаблон:LegendШаблон:LegendШаблон:Legend

Current operators

Former operators

Comparable weapons

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Cite web

Шаблон:ModernPOLAFVsNav Шаблон:Tatra models