Английская Википедия:1815 in Germany
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Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Year in Germany Events from the year 1815 in Germany.
Incumbents
Kingdoms
- Kingdom of Prussia
- Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)[1]
- Kingdom of Bavaria
- Maximilian I (1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825)
- Kingdom of Saxony
- Frederick Augustus I (20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827)
- Kingdom of Hanover
- George III (25 October 1760 –29 January 1820)
- Kingdom of Württemberg
- Frederick I (22 December 1797 – 30 October 1816)
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden
- Grand Duke of Hesse
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Frederick Francis I– (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)[3]
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)[4]
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- Karl August (1809–1815)
Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe
- George William (13 February 1787 - 1860)
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Friedrich Günther (28 April 1807 - 28 June 1867)[6]
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 - 19 August 1835)
- Principality of Lippe
- Leopold II (5 November 1802 - 1 January 1851)[7]
- Principality of Reuss-Greiz
- Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800-29 January 1817)
- Waldeck and Pyrmont
- George II (9 September 1813 - 15 May 1845)
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
- Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)[8]
- Duke of Brunswick
- Frederick William (16 October 1806 – 16 June 1815)[9]
- Charles II (16 June 1815 – 9 September 1830)[9]
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick[3]
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
- Bernhard II (24 December 1803–20 September 1866)[11]
- Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
- Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)[12]
Events
- 3 January – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.
- 9 June – The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna is signed: A new European political situation is set. The German Confederation and Congress Poland are created, and the neutrality of Switzerland is guaranteed. Also, Luxembourg declares independence from the French Empire.
- 16 June-Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Ligny: Napoleon defeats a Prussian army under Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.
- 2 August – Napoleonic Wars: Representatives of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia sign a convention at Paris, declaring that Napoleon Bonaparte is "their prisoner" and that "His safekeeping is entrusted to the British Government."[13]
- 26 September – Austria, Prussia and Russia sign a Holy Alliance, to uphold the European status quo.[14]
- 20 November – The Napoleonic Wars come to an end after 12 years, with the British government restoring the status quo of France, prior to when the French Revolution began in 1789.
Births
- 15 January – Bertha Wehnert-Beckmann, German photographer (d. 1901)
- 11 March – Anna Bochkoltz, German operatic soprano, voice teacher and composer (d. 1879)[15]
- 1 April- Otto von Bismarck, German statesman (d. 1898)
- 6 April – Robert Volkmann, German composer (d. 1883)
- 18 June – Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen, Bavarian general (d. 1881)
- 26 July – Robert Remak, German embryologist, physiologist and neurologist (d. 1865)
- 31 October – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (d. 1897)
- 8 December – Adolph Menzel, German artist, painter (d. 1905)
Deaths
- 5 March – Franz Mesmer, German developer of animal magnetism (b. 1734)
- 11 May – Aletta Haniel, German business person (b. 1742)
- 16 June – Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German noble, general (killed in battle) (b. 1771)
- 3 July – Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden, German pioneer in mining and metallurgy (b. 1752)
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Gerhard Schildt: Von der Restauration zur Reichsgründungszeit, in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite EB1911
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Charles Jean Tristan, Count Montholon, History of the Captivity of Napoleon at St. Helen (E. Ferrett & Company, 1846) p83
- ↑ Tim Chapman, The Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 (Routledge, 2006) p60
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
