Английская Википедия:1822–23 United States Senate elections
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox election The 1822–23 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1822 and 1823, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.
The Democratic-Republican Party continued to maintain almost complete control of the Senate.
Factions
At the very end of the next Congress, the 1824 United States presidential election led to a contingency election, decided by the Congress. In that election, Senators split into factions in support of William H. Crawford, Andrew Jackson, or John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. Even though that election wasn't held until more than two years after the Senate elections in this article, those factions are noted below as "Crawford," "Jackson," or "Adams-Clay."
Results summary
Senate party division, 18th Congress (1823–1825)
- Majority party: Democratic-Republican (42–43)
- Minority parties: National Republican & Federalist (4–5)
- Total seats: 48
Change in composition
Before the elections
Composition after the January 24, 1822 Delaware special election.
Result of the regular elections
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Race summaries
Bold states link to specific election articles.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1822 or before March 4, 1823; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware (Class 1) |
Vacant | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Outerbridge Horsey (F) had resigned March 3, 1821. New senator elected January 24, 1822. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
| Ohio (Class 3) |
William A. Trimble | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent died December 13, 1821. New senator elected January 29, 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Massachusetts (Class 2) |
Harrison Gray Otis | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1816 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned May 30, 1822, to run for Mayor of Boston. New senator elected June 5, 1822. Successor was also elected to the next term, see below. Federalist hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Alabama (Class 3) |
John W. Walker | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned December 12, 1822, due to failing health. New senator elected December 12, 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Maryland (Class 1) |
William Pinkney | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1819 United States Senate special election in Maryland|1819 Шаблон:Small]] 1821 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent died February 25, 1822. New senator elected December 17, 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Virginia (Class 2) |
James Pleasants | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1819 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1819 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned December 15, 1822, to become Governor of Virginia. New senator elected December 18, 1822. Successor was later re-elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Races leading to the next Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1823; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | William R. King | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected December 12, 1822. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Delaware | Nicholas Van Dyke | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1817 | Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Legislature failed to elect. Federalist loss. Incumbent would later be re-elected late in 1824. |
Шаблон:Dm |
| Georgia | Nicholas Ware | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1821 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1821 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1822 or 1823. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Illinois | Jesse B. Thomas | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Kentucky | Richard Mentor Johnson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1819 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|1819 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Louisiana | Henry Johnson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1818 United States Senate special election in Louisiana|1818 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Maine | John Chandler | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Massachusetts | James Lloyd | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | [[1808 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1808 Шаблон:Small]] 1808 1813 Шаблон:Small [[1822 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1822 Шаблон:Small]] |
Incumbent re-elected as an Adams-Clay Federalist in 1822. Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Mississippi | Thomas Hill Williams | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| New Hampshire | David L. Morril | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1823. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| New Jersey | Mahlon Dickerson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| North Carolina | Montfort Stokes | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1816 United States Senate special election in North Carolina|1816 Шаблон:Small]] 1816 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Rhode Island | Nehemiah R. Knight | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1821 United States Senate special election in Rhode Island|1821 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| South Carolina | William Smith | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1810 United States Senate special election in South Carolina|1810 Шаблон:Small]] 1816 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1822. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Tennessee | John Williams | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1815 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1815 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected October 28, 1823.[2] Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Virginia | John Taylor of Caroline | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | [[1822 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1822 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1823. Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Special elections during the next Congress
In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1823 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
Samuel L. Southard | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | 1821 Шаблон:Small 1820 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned March 4, 1823, to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New senator elected November 12, 1823. Democratic Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Alabama
Alabama (regular)
Incumbent William R. King was first elected in 1819. He was reelected with the votes of over 41% of the legislators, defeating William Crawford, former agent to the Choctaw nation John McKee, and another candidate named William King. Шаблон:Infobox electionШаблон:Expand section
Alabama (special)
Incumbent John Williams Walker resigned on December 12, 1822, due to failing health. He would die in April of the following year. William Kelly was elected in his place with 56.65% of the votes of state legislators, defeating state representative John McKinley.
Delaware
Delaware (regular)
The Delaware General Assembly did not elect a candidate to the United States Senate. Шаблон:Expand section
Delaware (special)
Federalist incumbent Outerbridge Horsey retired in the 1820/1821 Senate elections. The Delaware General Assembly failed to elect a successor. Caesar Augustus Rodney, the U.S. representative for Delaware's at-large congressional district and a nephew of founding father Caesar Rodney, was elected late. Шаблон:Expand section
Georgia
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Democratic-Republican Nicholas Ware was reelected in 1823. Шаблон:Expand section
Illinois
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Democratic-Republican Jesse B. Thomas was reelected in 1823.Шаблон:Expand section
Kentucky
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Richard Mentor Johnson was reelected in 1823.Шаблон:Expand section
Louisiana
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Democratic-Republican Henry S. Johnson was reelected in 1823Шаблон:Expand section
Maine
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Democratic-Republican John Chandler was reelected in 1823.Шаблон:Expand section
Maryland (special)
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section Шаблон:Infobox election
Incumbent Democratic-Republican William Pinkney died on February 25, 1822. Congressman Samuel Smith, a Democratic-Republican, was elected to the seat on December 17, 1822.[3]
Massachusetts
Massachusetts (regular)
Incumbent Federalist James Lloyd was reelected in 1822 after being first elected in a special election (see below). Шаблон:Expand section
Massachusetts (special)
Incumbent Senator Harrison Gray Otis resigned on May 30, 1822, to run for Mayor of Boston. Former senator James Lloyd, a Federalist was elected on June 5, 1822. Шаблон:Expand section
Mississippi
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Democratic-Republican Thomas Hill Williams was reelected in 1823.Шаблон:Expand section
New Hampshire
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Democratic-Republican David L. Morril retired. Governor of New Hampshire Samuel Bell was elected as a Democratic-Republican.Шаблон:Expand section
New Jersey
New Jersey (regular)
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Mahlon Dickerson was reelected in 1823. Шаблон:Expand section
New Jersey (special)
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Samuel L. Southard resigned on March 3, 1823, to become the U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Democratic-Republican Joseph McIlvaine was elected to finish his term on November 12, 1823. Шаблон:Expand section
North Carolina
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Democratic-Republican Montfort Stokes was defeated for reelection by John Branch, a fellow Democratic-Republican, in 1822.Шаблон:Expand section
Ohio (special)
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Jeffersonian Republican William A. Trimble died on December 13, 1821, at the age of 35. Governor of Ohio, Ethan Allen Brown, was elected to finish Trimble's term. Шаблон:Expand section
Rhode Island
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Democratic-Republican Nehemiah R. Knight was reelected in 1823.Шаблон:Expand section
South Carolina
Шаблон:See alsoIncumbent Democratic-Republican William Smith lost reelection to Democratic-Republican Robert Y. Hayne.Шаблон:Expand section
Tennessee
Шаблон:See alsoFormer senator and general Andrew Jackson defeated incumbent John Williams in the election for Senate. Jackson was put up as the Jacksonian candidate after Williams decided to support William H. Crawford in the 1824 Presidential Election.[4] Williams was endorsed by Davy Crockett.[5] Jackson's return to the senate after nearly 25 years out of office marks the second longest gap in service in U.S. Senate history. Jackson would resign two years later in 1825, and eventually be elected president in 1828. Шаблон:Infobox electionШаблон:Expand section
Virginia
Virginia (regular)
After being elected in the special election (see below), incumbent John Taylor was reelected in 1823. Шаблон:Expand section
Virginia (special)
Incumbent James Pleasants resigned on December 15, 1822, to become Governor of Virginia. Former senator John Taylor, a Democratic-Republican, was elected with 51.8% of the votes of legislators over former congressmen Henry St. George Tucker and John Tyler, both Democratic-Republicans. Шаблон:Infobox electionШаблон:Expand section
See also
References
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
Шаблон:United States Senate elections
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