Английская Википедия:1838–39 United States Senate elections
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox election The 1838–39 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1838 and 1839, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The Democratic Party lost seven seats, but still retained a majority.
Results summary
Senate party division, 26th Congress (1839–1841)
- Majority party: Democratic (28–29)
- Minority party: Whig (19–23)
- Total seats: 52
Change in composition
Before the elections
After the January 4, 1838 special election in Maryland.
Result of the elections
Beginning of the next term
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Race summaries
Special elections during the 25th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1838 or before March 4, 1839; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Maryland (Class 1) |
Joseph Kent | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Whig | 1833 | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig/Hold | Incumbent died November 24, 1837. New senator elected January 4, 1838. Whig hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
Felix Grundy | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1829 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1829 Шаблон:Small]] 1833 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Incumbent resigned July 4, 1838 to become U.S. Attorney General. New senator elected September 17, 1838. Whig gain. Winner was also elected to the next term (see below), but declined. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Mississippi (Class 1) |
Thomas H. Williams | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1838 Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Party shading/Hold | Interim appointee elected January 30, 1839. Democratic hold. Successor was not elected to the next term, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Races leading to the 26th Congress
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1839; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | John Niles | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1835 United States Senate special election in Connecticut|1835 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1838 or 1839. Whig gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Delaware | Richard H. Bayard | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Whig | [[1836 United States Senate special election in Delaware|1836 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1838 or 1839. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Indiana | John Tipton | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1832 United States Senate special election in Indiana|1832 Шаблон:Small]] 1832 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1838. Whig gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Maine | Reuel Williams | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1837 United States Senate special election in Maine|1837 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1838 or 1839. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Maryland | William Merrick | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Whig | [[1838 United States Senate special election in Maryland|1838 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1839. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Massachusetts | Daniel Webster | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Whig | [[1827 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|1827 Шаблон:Small]] 1833 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1839. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Michigan | Lucius Lyon | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1835 | Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect until 1840. Democratic loss. |
Шаблон:Dm |
| Mississippi | Thomas H. Williams | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1838 Шаблон:Small [[1839 United States Senate special election in Mississippi|1839 Шаблон:Small]] |
Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. Winner elected in 1838. Whig gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Missouri | Thomas H. Benton | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1821 1827 1833 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1839. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| New Jersey | Samuel L. Southard | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Whig | 1821 Шаблон:Small 1820 1823 Шаблон:Small 1833 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1839. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| New York | Nathaniel P. Tallmadge | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1833 | Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent ran for re-election as a Whig. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Ohio | Thomas Morris | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1833 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1838. Democratic hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Pennsylvania | Samuel McKean | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1833 | Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. Legislature failed to elect until 1840 after the election in December 1838 was postponed due to the Buckshot War. Democratic loss. |
None. |
| Rhode Island | Asher Robbins | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Whig | [[1835 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|1835 Шаблон:Small]] 1827 1833 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Whig/Hold | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. Winner elected November 3, 1838. Whig hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Tennessee | Ephraim H. Foster | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Whig | [[1838 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1838 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent then declined the seat. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Vermont | Benjamin Swift | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Whig | 1833 | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig/Hold | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1839. Whig hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Virginia | William C. Rives | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1832 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1832 Шаблон:Small]] 1834 Шаблон:Small [[1836 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1836 Шаблон:Small]] |
Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. Legislature failed to elect until 1841. Democratic loss. |
Шаблон:Dm |
Special election during the 26th Congress
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1839 after March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
Ephraim H. Foster | Шаблон:Party shading/Whig | Whig | 1838 Шаблон:Small 1838 or 1839 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent had been elected to the next term (see above), but resigned at the end of the term. Winner elected November 19, 1839. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Connecticut
Delaware
Indiana
Maine
Maryland
Maryland (special)
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section Шаблон:Infobox election
William Duhurst Merrick won election over to fill the seat vacated by Joseph Kent by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.[2]
Maryland (regular)
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section Шаблон:Infobox election
William Duhurst Merrick won election to a full term by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.[3]
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mississippi
Mississippi (regular)
Mississippi (special)
Missouri
New Jersey
New York
Шаблон:Main Шаблон:See also The New York election was held February 5, 1839 by the New York State Legislature. Nathaniel P. Tallmadge had been elected as a Jacksonian Democratic in 1833 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1839.
On February 4, 1839, the State Legislature elected on joint ballot Spencer, Cooke, Hall and Haight to the offices they were nominated for, but on the next day they could not agree on a U.S. Senator.
The Assembly nominated Nathaniel P. Tallmadge "by the votes of all the Whig members." (see Hammond, page 512)
Although the Democratic State Senate majority did not object to be outvoted on joint ballot for the election of Whigs to State offices, they rejected the idea of electing a renegade Democratic to the U.S. Senate, and took refuge to the only means to defeat Tallmadge: They did not nominate anybody, following the precedents of 1819–1820 and 1825–1826, so that a joint ballot could not be held. On the first ballot, Tallmadge received 13 votes out of 31 cast, all Whigs.Шаблон:Efn The Democratic vote was scattered among many men, nobody receiving more than 2. Four more ballots were held with a similar result.Шаблон:Efn On the sixth ballot, all Whigs and two Democrats voted for Samuel Beardsley, who received 16 votes, one short of the necessary number for a nomination. The Democrats then abandoned further balloting, fearing that the Whigs would vote for anybody who received by chance three Democratic votes, just to force any nomination, thus enabling the Legislature to proceed to the joint ballot.
| Candidate | Party | New York Senate (32 members) |
Assembly (128 members) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First ballot |
Second ballot |
Third ballot |
Fourth ballot |
Fifth ballot |
Sixth ballot |
First ballot | ||
| Nathaniel P. Tallmadge | Whig | 13 | 13 | 13 | Шаблон:Aye 82 | |||
| Samuel Nelson | Democratic | 2 | ||||||
| Samuel Beardsley | Democratic | 1 | 2 | 2 | 16 | |||
| William C. Bouck | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Churchill C. Cambreleng | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Hiram Denio | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| John A. Dix | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Charles E. Dudley | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Azariah C. Flagg | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Freeborn G. Jewett | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Ebenezer Mack | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Charles McVean | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Joseph D. Monell | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| John Savage | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Jacob Sutherland | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| John Tracy | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Greene C. Bronson | Democratic | 1 | ||||||
| Reuben H. Walworth | Democratic | 1 | ||||||
| Levi Beardsley | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Benjamin F. Butler | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Abijah Mann Jr. | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
No further action was taken by this Legislature, and the seat became vacant on March 4, 1839. Tallmadge would later be elected in 1840.
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Шаблон:See also There were three elections to the same seat due to the July 4, 1838 resignation of Democrat Felix Grundy to become U.S. Attorney General.
Tennessee (special, 1838)
Whig Ephraim H. Foster was elected September 17, 1838 to finish the term.
Tennessee (regular)
Foster was also elected to the next term, but Foster declined the seat, refusing to take the Tennessee General Assembly's instructions on how to vote, so he left office March 3, 1839 and the seat was vacant when the term began.
Tennessee (special, 1839)
The legislature then elected Grundy back to the seat November 19, 1839, but he died a year later.
Vermont
Virginia
See also
Notes
References
Sources
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789–Present, via Senate.gov
Шаблон:United States Senate elections Шаблон:1838 United States elections Шаблон:1839 United States elections
