Английская Википедия:1861 Italian general election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox election

General elections were held in Italy on 27 January 1861, with a second round on 3 February.[1] The newly elected Parliament first convened in Turin on 4 March 1861, where, thirteen days later, it declared the unification of the country as the Kingdom of Italy.[2]

The elections were carried out according to the 1848 electoral law of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in which only literate men over the age of 25 and paying a certain level of taxation were allowed to vote.[1] Candidates were elected in single member constituencies, with a second round required in cases when no candidates received over 50% of the vote or the equivalent of one-third of the registered voters in the constituency.[3] The Pope demanded that Catholics did not take part in the elections.[3]

Campaign

The Historical Right was led by the former Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, a long-time statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification.

On the other hand, the bloc of the Historical Left was led by Urbano Rattazzi, a liberal politician who was among the founders of the Italian left-wing parliamentary group.

In opposition to the two main blocs there were a third party known as The Extreme, a far-left coalition, under the leadership of Giuseppe Mazzini, an Italian revolutionary and a key figure of the Unification.

Only 418,696 men of a total population of around 22 million were entitled to vote.[4]

Parties and leaders

Party Ideology Leader
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | Historical Right Conservatism Camillo Benso di Cavour
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | Historical Left Liberalism Urbano Rattazzi
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | Historical Far Left Radicalism Giuseppe Mazzini

Results

Файл:Il fischietto, 13 luglio 1861, Camera dei Deputati.jpg
Composition of the Chamber of Deputies in 1861

Right-wing candidates emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament with around 43% of the 443 seats.[5] They were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending.[6] The right-wing leader Camillo Benso di Cavour was elected as the first Prime Minister in the history of Italy.

Шаблон:Election results

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Italian elections

  1. 1,0 1,1 Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p. 1047 Шаблон:ISBN
  2. Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1027
  3. 3,0 3,1 Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1039
  4. Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1049
  5. Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1082
  6. Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1028