Английская Википедия:1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1866, and September 6, 1867. They occurred during President Andrew Johnson's term just one year after the American Civil War ended when the Union defeated the Confederacy. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. Members were elected before or after the first session of the 40th United States Congress convened on March 4, 1867, including the at-large seat from the new state of Nebraska. Ten secessionist states still had not yet been readmitted, and therefore were not seated.
The 1866 elections were a decisive event in the early Reconstruction era, in which President Johnson faced off against the Radical Republicans in a bitter dispute over whether Reconstruction should be lenient or harsh toward the vanquished white South.
Most of the congressmen from the former Confederate states were either prevented from leaving the state or were arrested on the way to the capital. A Congress consisting of mostly Radical Republicans sat early in the Capitol and aside from the delegation from Tennessee who were allowed in, the few Southern Congressmen who arrived were not seated.
Background
Johnson, a War Democrat, had been elected Vice President in the 1864 presidential election as the running mate of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican. (The Republicans had chosen not to re-nominate Hannibal Hamlin for a second term as vice president).
Lincoln and Johnson ran together under the banner of the National Union Party, which brought together Republicans (with the exception of some hard-line abolitionist Radical Republicans who backed John C. Frémont, who eventually dropped out of the race after brokering a deal with Lincoln) and the War Democrats (the minority of Democrats who backed Lincoln's prosecution of the war, as opposed to the Peace Democrats, or Copperheads, who favored a negotiated settlement with the Confederates).
After the assassination of Lincoln, Johnson became president. He immediately became embroiled in a dispute with the Radical Republicans over the conditions of Reconstruction; Johnson favored a lenient Reconstruction, while Radical Republicans wanted to continue the military occupation of the South and force Southern states to give freedmen (the newly freed slaves) civil rights (and the right to vote).
Campaign and results
Johnson stumped the country in a public speaking tour known as the Swing Around the Circle; he generally supported Democrats but his speeches were poorly received.
The Republicans won in a landslide, capturing enough seats to override Johnson's vetoes. Only the border states of Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky voted for Democrats. Recently Reconstructed Tennessee sent a Republican delegation. The other 10 ex-Confederate states did not vote. As a percentage of the total number of seats available in the House of Representatives, the Republican majority attained in the election of 1866 has never been exceeded in any subsequent Congress. The Democratic Party was able to achieve similar success only in the political environment of the era of the Great Depression in the 1930s.
Election summaries
Seven secessionist states were readmitted during this Congress, filling 32 vacancies, but are not included in this table if they were not elected within 1866 through 1867.[1]
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:22.8%" | 44 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:0.5%" | 4 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:76.2%" | 147 |
| Democratic | Шаблон:Efn | Republican |
Шаблон:Bar boxШаблон:Bar boxThe party affiliations of the 4 Representatives elected in Texas's rejected elections are unknown.
Special elections
39th Congress
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Lovell Rousseau
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unionist/Hold | Incumbent resigned July 21, 1866 following his assault of Josiah Grinnell.
Incumbent re-elected September 15, 1866.
Unconditional Unionist hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Green C. Smith
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist
| 1861
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent resigned July 13, 1866 to become Governor of Montana Territory.
New member elected September 15, 1866.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Henry Grider
| Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Democratic
| 1861
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died September 7, 1866.
New member elected October 6, 1866.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| James Humphrey
| Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Republican
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent died June 16, 1866.
New member elected November 6, 1866.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
40th Congress
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Elijah Hise
| Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Democratic
| [[1866 Kentucky's 3rd congressional district special election|1866 Шаблон:Small]]
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died May 6, 1867.
New member elected August 5, 1867.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Rutherford B. Hayes
| Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Republican
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Independent Republican | Incumbent resigned July 20, 1867 to run for Governor of Ohio.
New member elected October 8, 1867.
Independent Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Charles Denison
| Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Democratic
| 1862
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died June 27, 1867.
New member elected October 8, 1867.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Thomas E. Noell
| Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Democratic
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died October 3, 1867.
New member elected November 5, 1867.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Roscoe Conkling
| Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Republican
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1867 when elected U.S. senator.
New member elected November 5, 1867.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
California
Шаблон:Infobox election Шаблон:Main Шаблон:See also
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Donald C. McRuer
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William Higby | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John Bidwell
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Colorado Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Connecticut
Dakota Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Delaware
Idaho Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Thomas D. Eliot | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Oakes Ames | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Alexander H. Rice
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Шаблон:Party shading/Hold |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Samuel Hooper | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1861 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John B. Alley
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Шаблон:Party shading/Hold |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Nathaniel P. Banks | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1865 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | George S. Boutwell | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist |- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John D. Baldwin | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William B. Washburn | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Henry Laurens Dawes | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Montana Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Nebraska
There were two elections in the new state of Nebraska in 1866: on June 6 for the remainder of the current term, and October 9 for the next term.
39th Congress
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | New state
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | New seat.
Republican gain.
New member seated March 2, 1867.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
40th Congress
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Turner M. Marquett
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1866
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
New York
Ohio
Шаблон:See also Democrats gained one seat this election in Ohio. It was later contested and awarded to the Republican for a net gain of zero.
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Benjamin Eggleston | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Rutherford B. Hayes | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Robert C. Schenck | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William Lawrence | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Francis C. Le Blond
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1862
| Шаблон:Party shading/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Reader W. Clarke | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Samuel Shellabarger | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| James Randolph Hubbell
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Ralph P. Buckland | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | James M. Ashley | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Hezekiah S. Bundy
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William E. Finck
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1862
| Шаблон:Party shading/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Columbus Delano
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election
New member elected.
Democratic gain.Шаблон:Efn
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Martin Welker | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Tobias A. Plants | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John Bingham | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Ephraim R. Eckley | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Rufus P. Spalding | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | James A. Garfield | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Шаблон:See also Elections held late, on August 1, 1867.
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Nathaniel G. Taylor
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Horace Maynard
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent re-elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William B. Stokes
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent re-elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Edmund Cooper
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William B. Campbell
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Samuel M. Arnell
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent re-elected.
Republican gain.
| Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Isaac R. Hawkins
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent re-elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John W. Leftwich
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Utah Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Vermont
Washington Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
West Virginia
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Chester D. Hubbard
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent re-elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| George R. Latham
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Kellian Whaley
| Шаблон:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist
| 1863
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Wisconsin
Шаблон:See also Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1866.[2]
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Halbert E. Paine
| Шаблон:Party shading/National Union | National
Union
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent won re-election as a Republican.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Ithamar Sloan
| Шаблон:Party shading/National Union | National
Union
| 1862
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent was not a candidate for re-election.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Amasa Cobb
| Шаблон:Party shading/National Union | National
Union
| 1862
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent won re-election as a Republican.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Charles A. Eldredge | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Philetus Sawyer
| Шаблон:Party shading/National Union | National
Union
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent won re-election as a Republican.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Walter D. McIndoe
| Шаблон:Party shading/National Union | National
Union
| [[1862 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin|1862 Шаблон:Small]]
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent was not a candidate for re-election.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Non-voting delegates
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Edward D. Holbrook | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Samuel McLean
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1864
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|}
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Party stripeШаблон:Cite book, large collection of speeches and primary documents, 1865–1870, complete text online (the copyright has expired)
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite web
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
Шаблон:United States House of Representatives elections Шаблон:Reconstruction Era Шаблон:Andrew Johnson
- ↑ Martis, pp. 120–121; Dubin, p. 209.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- 1866 United States House of Representatives elections
- 1867 United States House of Representatives elections
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
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