Английская Википедия:1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with the re-election of United States President Ulysses S. Grant. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1870 United States census increased the number of House seats to 292.
Grant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the opposition Democratic Party and partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The pro-industry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the Industrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with Civil War victory as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.
Election summaries
Following the 1870 census, the House was reapportioned, initially adding 40 seats,[1] followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states,[2] resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the three-fifths compromise by the 14th Amendment.
This would prove the last time until 1966 that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.[3]
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:30.48%" | 89 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:69.52%" | 203 |
| Democratic | Republican |
Election dates
In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[4] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:
- Early elections (1872):
- June 4 Oregon
- August 1 North Carolina
- August 27 West Virginia
- September 3 Vermont
- September 9 Maine
- October 8 Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania
- Late elections (1873):
- March 11, 1873 New Hampshire
- April 7, 1873 Connecticut
Special elections
- Шаблон:Ushr: 1872
- Шаблон:Ushr: 1873
- Шаблон:Ushr: 1872
- Шаблон:Ushr: 1873
- Шаблон:Ushr: 1873
- Шаблон:Ushr: 1873
- Шаблон:Ushr: 1872
Alabama
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Arkansas
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
California
A new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | None (new district) | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | New district. New member elected. Republican gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist | ||
| Шаблон:Ushr | Aaron Augustus Sargent | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1868 | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | John M. Coghlan | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1871 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Sherman O. Houghton Шаблон:Small |
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1871 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Connecticut
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Delaware
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Florida
Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr Шаблон:Small |
Josiah T. Walls | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| None Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
Georgia
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Illinois
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Indiana
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Iowa
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Kansas
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Kentucky
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Louisiana
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
In the newly formed Шаблон:Ushr, George A. Sheridan (Liberal Republican) beat P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican), the first black Governor of Louisiana.[5] Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.
Maine
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Maryland
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Massachusetts
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Michigan
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Minnesota
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Mississippi
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| George E. Harris
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1869
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Joseph L. Morphis
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1869
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Henry W. Barry | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | None (new district)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | New district.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! rowspan=2 | Шаблон:Ushr
| Legrand W. Perce
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1869
| Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
| nowrap rowspan=2 | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
| George C. McKee
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1869
| Incumbent re-elected.
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | None (new district)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | New district.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Missouri
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Nebraska
Шаблон:See also
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John Taffe
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1866
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Nevada
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
New Hampshire
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
New Jersey
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
New York
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
North Carolina
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Ohio
Шаблон:See also After redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.
Oregon
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Pennsylvania
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Rhode Island
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
South Carolina
Шаблон:Main Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Tennessee
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Horace Maynard
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1865
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | New district.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Roderick R. Butler | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1867 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Abraham E. Garrett
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1870
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | None (new district)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | New district.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John M. Bright | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Edward I. Golladay
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1870
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Washington C. Whitthorne | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Robert P. Caldwell
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1870
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold |Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William W. Vaughan
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1870
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | None (new district)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |New district.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Texas
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Vermont
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
Virginia
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Empty section
West Virginia
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John J. Davis
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1870
| Шаблон:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Incumbent re-elected.
Independent Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| James McGrew
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1868
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Frank Hereford | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Wisconsin
Шаблон:See also Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.[7][8]
Non-voting delegates
Colorado Territory
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Jerome B. Chaffee | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Dakota Territory
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Moses K. Armstrong | Шаблон:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Independent Democratic | 1870 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent re-elected. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Idaho Territory
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Samuel A. Merritt | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1870 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Montana Territory
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | William H. Clagett | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1871 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Wyoming Territory
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | William T. Jones | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1870 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
Шаблон:1872 United States elections Шаблон:1873 United States elections Шаблон:United States House of Representatives elections Шаблон:Reconstruction Era
- ↑ Шаблон:USStat
- ↑ Шаблон:USStat
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:USStat: 28th Congress, 2nd Sess., Ch. 1, enacted January 23, 1845
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite report
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