Английская Википедия:1874 United Kingdom general election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox election The 1874 United Kingdom general election saw the incumbent Liberals, led by William Gladstone, lose decisively, even though their party won a majority of the votes cast.[1] Benjamin Disraeli's Conservatives won the majority of seats in the House of Commons, largely because they won a number of uncontested seats. It was the first Conservative victory in a general election since 1841. Gladstone's decision to call an election surprised his colleagues, for they were aware of large sectors of discontent in their coalition. For example, the nonconformists were upset with education policies; many working-class people disliked the new trade union laws and the restrictions on drinking. The Conservatives were making gains in the middle-class, Gladstone wanted to abolish the income tax, but failed to carry his own cabinet. The result was a disaster for the Liberals, who went from 387 MPs to only 242. Conservatives jumped from 271 to 350. Gladstone himself noted: "We have been swept away in a torrent of gin and beer".[2]

The election saw the Irish of the Home Rule League become a significant third party in Parliament, with 60 of 101 of the seats for Ireland. This had been the first general election that used a secret ballot following the 1872 Secret Ballot Act. The Irish Nationalist gains could well be attributed to the effects of the Secret Ballot Act, as tenants faced less of a threat of eviction if they voted against the wishes of their landlords. Also in this election, the first two working-class MPs were elected: Alexander MacDonald and Thomas Burt, both members of the Miners' Union, were elected as Liberal-Labour (Lib–Lab) MPs in Stafford and Morpeth, respectively.[3] The 1867 Reform Act eroded the legislative power of the rural gentry. The 1874 election, especially in Ireland, saw great landowners losing their county seats to tenant farmers.[4]

This is the only time since the introduction of the secret ballot that a party has been defeated despite receiving an absolute majority of the popular vote. This was primarily because over 100 Conservative candidates were elected unopposed. This meant no votes were cast in those 100 places where the Conservative candidates were anticipated to be popular; in the seats where Liberal candidates did stand, they polled a high proportion of the vote on average.

The election saw 652 MPs elected, six fewer than at the previous election. Following allegations of corruption, the Conservative-held constituencies of Beverley and Sligo Borough, and the Liberal-held constituencies of Bridgwater and Cashel, had been abolished. Шаблон:UK general election navigation

Results

Файл:1874 UK parliament.svg

Шаблон:Election summary begin with candidates Шаблон:Election summary party with candidates Шаблон:Election summary party with candidates Шаблон:Election summary party with candidates Шаблон:Election summary with candidates |}

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Voting summary

Шаблон:Bar box

Seats summary

Шаблон:Bar box

Regional results

Great Britain

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 319 Шаблон:Increase85 1,000,006 44.6
Шаблон:Party name with colour 230 Шаблон:Decrease93 1,241,381 55.4
Шаблон:Party name with colour 2 Шаблон:Increase2
Шаблон:Party name with colour no link 0 2 0.0
Total 551 Шаблон:Decrease4 2,241,389 100
England
Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 280 Шаблон:Increase69 905,239 46.2
Шаблон:Party name with colour 171 Шаблон:Decrease75 1,035,268 53.8
Шаблон:Party name with colour 2 Шаблон:Increase2
Шаблон:Party name with colour no link 0 2 0.0
Total 451 Шаблон:Decrease4 1,940,509 100
Scotland
Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 40 Шаблон:Decrease11 148,345 68.4
Шаблон:Party name with colour 18 Шаблон:Increase11 63,193 31.6
Total 58 Шаблон:Steady 211,538 100
Wales
Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 19 Шаблон:Decrease4 57,768 60.9
Шаблон:Party name with colour 14 Шаблон:Increase4 31,574 39.1
Total 33 Шаблон:Steady 89,342 100

Ireland

Шаблон:Main

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 60 Шаблон:Increase60 90,234 39.6 Шаблон:New entry
Шаблон:Party name with colour 31 Шаблон:Decrease6 91,702 40.8 −1.1%
Шаблон:Party name with colour 10 Шаблон:Decrease56 39,778 18.4 −39.5%
Шаблон:Party name with colour no link 0 2,934 1.2
Total 101 Шаблон:Decrease2 224,648 100

Universities

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 7 Шаблон:Increase1
Шаблон:Party name with colour 2 Шаблон:Decrease1
Total 9 Шаблон:Steady 100

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See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References and further reading

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Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:British elections

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Разное

  1. ↑ William Henry Maehl, "Gladstone, the Liberals, and the Election of 1874", Historical Research (1963), 36#93: 53–69.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Harv.
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ David F. Krein, "The Great Landowners in the House of Commons, 1833–85." Parliamentary History 32.3 (2013): 460-476.
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