Английская Википедия:1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 5, 1876, and March 13, 1877. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 45th United States Congress convened on October 15, 1877. The size of the House increased to 293 seats with the addition of the new state of Colorado.
These elections coincided with the (heavily contested) election of President Rutherford B. Hayes and the United States Centennial. Hayes' Republican Party was able to recover from the Democratic Party many of the seats it had lost two years before as the economy improved slightly. However, the Democrats retained a majority and were able to use the disinterest of the people in Republican Reconstruction-led projects to help keep crucial seats. Republican congressional leadership had a difficult time distancing itself from the corruption of the Grant administration or the legislature's impact on the economy downturn.
Election summaries
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:53.58%" | 157 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:46.42%" | 136 |
| Democratic | Republican |
The previous election included 4 Independents, in Illinois and Massachusetts.
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Файл:45 us house changes.png
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Election dates
In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[1] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1876–77, there were still 8 states with earlier election dates, and 1 state with a later election date.
Elections before Election Day (United States):
- June 5: Oregon
- September 5: Vermont
- September 11: Maine
- October 4:Georgia
- October 10: Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, West Virginia
Standard Election Day:
- November 7, 1876
Election after Election Day:
- March 13, 1877: New Hampshire
Special elections
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Henry H. Starkweather | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1867 | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent died January 28, 1876. New member elected April 12, 1876. Republican hold. Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | William Henry Barnum | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1867 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent resigned May 18, 1876, when elected U.S. senator. New member elected November 7, 1876. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | James G. Blaine | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned July 10, 1876. New member elected September 11, 1876. Republican hold. Winner retired after serving out the remainder of the term. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Alabama
Alabama redistricted and eliminated its at-large seats, going from 6 districts and 2 at-large seats to 8 districts. The state also elected a full delegation of Democrats, voting out the two Republicans.
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Charles Hays
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1872
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | New district
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Jeremiah Norman Williams
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Jeremiah Haralson
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | New district
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! rowspan=2 | Шаблон:Ushr | Goldsmith W. Hewitt | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | rowspan=2 nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
| Burwell Boykin Lewis
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic loss.
|-
! rowspan=3 | Шаблон:Ushr
| William Henry Forney
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Incumbent re-elected.
| rowspan=3 nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
| Taul Bradford
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
|-
| John H. Caldwell
Шаблон:Small
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1872
| Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | New district
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Arkansas
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Lucien C. Gause | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William F. Slemons | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William W. Wilshire
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1872
1874 Шаблон:Small
1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Independent Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Thomas M. Gunter | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
California
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William Adam Piper
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1875
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Horace F. Page | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John K. Luttrell | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Peter D. Wigginton
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1875
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Colorado
There were two elections to the new state of Colorado.
44th Congress
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan=3 | New district
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | New seat.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
45th Congress
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| James B. Belford
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1876
| Incumbent re-elected.
Election was later successfully challenged by the challenger.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Connecticut
Connecticut had been electing is members late in the cycle, even after the terms had begun. But starting in 1876, the state joined the others in electing its members on the November 7, 1876 Election Day. The delegation remained 3 Democrats and 1 Republican.
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | George M. Landers | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1875 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | James Phelps | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1875 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John T. Wait | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1876 Connecticut's 3rd congressional district special election|1876 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William Henry Barnum
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1867
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent resigned May 18, 1876, when elected U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to finish the current next term.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Delaware
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | James Williams | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Florida
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William J. Purman
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1872
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Jesse J. Finley
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874Шаблон:Efn
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.Шаблон:Efn
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John H. Burleigh
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1872
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William P. Frye | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan="3"|Vacant
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Rep. James G. Blaine (R) resigned July 10, 1876.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Concurrent special election held to serve out the unexpired term, the winner of which did not stand for the regular election.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Harris M. Plaisted
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| [[1874-75 United States House of Representatives elections#Special elections|1875 Шаблон:Small]]
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Eugene Hale | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Maryland
Massachusetts
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William W. Crapo | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1875 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Benjamin W. Harris | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Henry L. Pierce
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Incumbent retired.
New member elected after initial result overturned.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Josiah Gardner Abbott
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Nathaniel P. Banks | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Charles Perkins Thompson
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John K. Tarbox
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John M. S. Williams
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| George F. Hoar
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1868
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Charles A. Stevens
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1875 (special)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Chester W. Chapin
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Lucius Q. C. Lamar
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1872
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| G. Wiley Wells
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Hernando Money | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Otho R. Singleton | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Charles E. Hooker | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John R. Lynch
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1872
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Missouri
Nebraska
Шаблон:See also
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Lorenzo Crounse
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1872
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Nevada
Шаблон:See alsoШаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William Woodburn
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Joseph Rainey | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1870 South Carolina's 1st congressional district special election|1870 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Edmund W. M. Mackey
| Шаблон:Party shading/Independent Republican | Independent
Republican
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Seat declared vacant July 19, 1876, due to contested election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Solomon L. Hoge
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Alexander S. Wallace
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1868
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Robert Smalls | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Tennessee
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William McFarland
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Jacob M. Thornburgh | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | George G. Dibrell | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Haywood Y. Riddle | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1875 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John M. Bright | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John F. House | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Washington C. Whitthorne | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John D. C. Atkins | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William P. Caldwell | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Texas
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Benjamin Wilson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Charles J. Faulkner
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Frank Hereford
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1870
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Wisconsin
Шаблон:See also Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 7, 1876.[2][3]
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Charles G. Williams | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Lucien B. Caswell | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Henry S. Magoon
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1870
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William Pitt Lynde | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Samuel D. Burchard
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Alanson M. Kimball
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Jeremiah McLain Rusk
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1870
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| George W. Cate
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1874
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Non-voting delegates
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Jefferson P. Kidder | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Stephen S. Fenn | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Martin Maginnis | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William R. Steele
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1872
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
Шаблон:United States House of Representatives elections Шаблон:Reconstruction Era
- ↑ Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite report
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- 1876 United States House of Representatives elections
- 1877 United States House of Representatives elections
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
