Английская Википедия:1880 United Kingdom general election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox election The 1880 United Kingdom general election was a general election in the United Kingdom held from 31 March to 27 April 1880.

Its intense rhetoric was led by the Midlothian campaign of the Liberals, particularly the fierce oratory of Liberal leader William Gladstone.Шаблон:Sfn He vehemently attacked the foreign policy of the government of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, as utterly immoral.

Liberals secured one of their largest-ever majorities, leaving the Conservatives a distant second. As a result of the campaign, the Liberal Commons leader, Spencer Cavendish and that in the Lords, Lord Granville, stood back in favour of Gladstone, who thus became Prime Minister a second time. It was the last general election in which any party other than the Conservatives won a majority of the votes (rather than a plurality). Шаблон:UK general election navigation

Issues

Файл:The Guildhall on Election Night, 1880.jpg
A painting by Alfred George Palmer of election night outside Exeter Guildhall in the collection of the Royal Albert Memorial Museum (333/1997).

The Conservative government was doomed by the poor condition of the British economy and the vulnerability of its foreign policy to moralistic attacks by the Liberals. William Gladstone, appealing to moralistic evangelicals, led the attack on the foreign policy of Benjamin Disraeli (now known as Lord Beaconsfield) as immoral.Шаблон:Sfn Historian Paul Smith paraphrases the rhetorical tone which focused on attacking "Beaconsfieldism" (in Smith's words) as a:Шаблон:Blockquote

Smith notes that there was indeed some substance to the allegations, but: "Most of this was partisan extravaganza, worthy of its target's own excursions against the Whigs."Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Leeds Town Hall, General Election results.jpg
Crowds wait outside Leeds Town Hall to hear the result

Disraeli himself was now the Earl of Beaconsfield in the House of Lords, and custom did not allow peers to campaign. His party was unable to deal effectively with the rhetorical onslaught. Although he had improved the organisation of the Conservative Party, Disraeli was firmly based in the rural gentry, and had little contact with or understanding of the urban middle class that was increasingly dominating his party.

Besides their trouble with foreign policy issues, it was even more important that the Conservatives were unable to effectively defend their economic record on the home front. The 1870s coincided with a long-term global depression caused by the collapse of the worldwide railway boom of the 1870s which previously had been so profitable to Britain. The stress was growing by the late 1870s; prices fell, profits fell, employment fell, and there was downward pressure on wage rates that caused much hardship among the industrial working class. The free trade system supported by both parties made Britain defenceless against the flood of cheap wheat from North America, which was exacerbated by the worst harvest of the century in Britain in 1879. The party in power got the blame, and Liberals repeatedly emphasised the growing budget deficit as a measure of bad stewardship. In the election itself, Disraeli's party lost heavily up and down the line, especially in Scotland and Ireland, and in the urban boroughs. His Conservative strength fell from 351 to 238, while the Liberals jumped from 250 to 353. Disraeli resigned on 21 April 1880.Шаблон:Sfnm

Results

Файл:1880 UK parliament.svg

Шаблон:Election summary begin with candidates Шаблон:Election summary party with candidates Шаблон:Election summary party with candidates Шаблон:Election summary party with candidates Шаблон:Election summary party with candidates |}

Шаблон:Hatnote

Voting summary

Шаблон:Bar box

Seats summary

Шаблон:Bar box

Regional results

Great Britain

Шаблон:Plain image with caption

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 334 Шаблон:Increase104 1,780,171 57.3 Шаблон:Increase1.9
Шаблон:Party name with colour 3 Шаблон:Increase1
Шаблон:Party name with colour 214 Шаблон:Decrease105 1,326,744 42.7 Шаблон:Decrease1.9
Шаблон:Party name with colour no link 0 Шаблон:Same position 1,107 0.04 Шаблон:Increase0.04
Total 551 Шаблон:Same position 3,108,022 100

England

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 251 Шаблон:Increase82 1,519,576 56.2 Шаблон:Increase2.4
Шаблон:Party name with colour 3 Шаблон:Increase1
Шаблон:Party name with colour 197 Шаблон:Decrease83 1,205,990 43.7 Шаблон:Decrease2.5
Шаблон:Party name with colour no link 0 Шаблон:Same position 1,107 0.1 Шаблон:Increase0.1
Total 451 2,726,673 100

Scotland

Шаблон:Main

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 52 Шаблон:Increase12 195,517 70.1 Шаблон:Increase1.7
Шаблон:Party name with colour 6 Шаблон:Decrease12 74,145 29.9 Шаблон:Decrease1.7
Total 58 269,662 100

Wales

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 29 Шаблон:Increase10 50,403 58.8 Шаблон:Decrease2.1
Шаблон:Party name with colour 4 Шаблон:Decrease10 41,106 41.2 Шаблон:Increase2.1
Total 33 100,509 100

Ireland

Шаблон:Main

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 63 Шаблон:Increase3 95,535 37.5 Шаблон:Decrease2.1%
Шаблон:Party name with colour 23 Шаблон:Decrease8 99,607 39.8 Шаблон:Decrease1.0%
Шаблон:Party name with colour 15 Шаблон:Increase5 56,252 22.7 Шаблон:Increase4.3%
Total 101 251,394 100

Universities

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % change
Шаблон:Party name with colour 7 5,503 49.2
Шаблон:Party name with colour 2 5,675 50.8
Total 9 11,178 100

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources and further reading

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:British elections

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