Английская Википедия:1889 women's tennis season
Шаблон:Infobox tennis circuit season The 1889 Women's tennis season was a tennis circuit composed of 63 national, regional, county, and regular tournaments. The season began in January in Madras, India, and ended in December in Dunedin, New Zealand.[1]
Summary of season
From 1888 until 1912 Britain's Lawn Tennis Association (LTA), grew in status and influence to become the de facto international tennis governing body before the proper International Lawn Tennis Federation commenced operations.[2] Despite the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) forming in 1881 a good seven years before the LTA, it was the British body that set laws, settled disputes and organized the increasingly complicated tournament calendar before the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) formed in March, 1913.[3]
After the formation of the ILTF the world tennis circuit going forward was a highly organised and structured network of national and international tournaments.[4] Most tennis tournaments were usually mixed events for men and women, and the women's international tennis circuit certainly up to 1923 was composed mainly of tournaments on the British and European Circuits.[5] After the USNLTA joined the ILTF this would later change with more and more tournaments being staged globally. Women tennis players on the world circuit up to the open era were funded by their national associations enabling them to travel and take part in international tournaments.[6]
1889 sees a slight decrease in the number women's singles events being held as the tennis circuit continues to form.[7] The 1889 women's tennis season began on 8 January with the first Southern India Championships staged at Madras, India.[1] In May 1889 at the first major event of the year the Irish Championships[8] played at the Fitzwilliam Lawn Tennis Club in Dublin, Ireland. Ireland's Louisa Martin wins the singles title beating defending champion Blanche Hillyard, she also picks up the ladies doubles event is won patnered with Florence Stanuell. In the mixed doubles Lena Rice and Willoughby Hamilton defeat Blanche Hillyard and Harold Stone. In terms of draw size the South of England Championships was the largest tournament of the year with a draw of 30 across two events.
In mid June 1889 the change in scheduling is continued when the U.S. National Championships are held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club, PA, Bertha Townsend successfully defends her title in the challenge round by defeating Lida Voorhees in straight sets.[9]
Later the same month at the third major tournament of the year the Northern Championships played at the Northern Lawn Tennis Club in Manchester, England Lottie Dod successfully defends her title beating Blanche Hillyard in three sets, in the women's doubles final sisters Bertha Steedman and Mary Steedman defeat another sister pairing Ann and Lottie Dod in straight sets, and the All England Mixed Doubles Championship event,[1] is won by Lottie Dod and John Charles Kay who defeat Blanche Hillyard and Ernest Renshaw in the final.[1]
In July at the fourth and final major event of the season the 1889 Wimbledon Championships the world's first major tennis tournament, Blanche Bingley takes the title, when she defeats upcoming Irish player Lena Rice in three very close sets to win her third major title.[10][11] The season ended on 30 December 1889 at the New Zealand Championships, held in Dunedin, New Zealand that was played on grass.[1]
Season results
Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 the Wimbledon Championships, the U.S. National Championships, the Irish Lawn Tennis Championships and the Northern Championships were considered by players and historians as the four most important tennis tournaments to win,[12][13][14] and together effectively making an early incarnation of the Grand Slam events we know today.[15]
Key
| Important.[16][17][18][19] |
| National |
| Provincial/State/Regional |
| County |
| Regular |
January
| Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semifinalist | Quarterfinalist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Jan | Southern India Championships Madras Gymkhana Club Madras, India Clay Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Nicholas 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Edith Morgan | ||
| Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Clarke Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Nicholas 6–5, 6–3 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs Smart Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs Swinton |
February
| Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semi finalist | Quarter finalist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Feb.[1] | Cannes Beau Site Hotel Tournament Beau Site Hotel Cannes, France Clay Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Constance Bryan def. |
Шаблон:Flagicon Elsie Lane | Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Maguire | |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Elsie Lane Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Maguire won |
? | ||||
| 12 Feb. | Otago LTA Tournament Carisbrook Club Ground Dunedin, New Zealand Grass Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Ruth Orbell 8–3 |
Шаблон:Flagicon L. Mackerras | ||
| 20 Feb. | Pau International Tournament (later Pau Championships) Pau France Clay Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs Bruce-Johnston def. |
Шаблон:Flagicon Miss MacFarlane | ||
March
| Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semifinalist | Quarterfinalist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 Mar | Championships of Bermuda Hamilton, Bermuda Grass Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Mabel Grant 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Grace Roosevelt | ||
| Шаблон:Flagicon Ellen Roosevelt Шаблон:Flagicon Grace Roosevelt 2–1 sets |
Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs Erkine Шаблон:Flagicon Mary G. Gray | ||||
April
| Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semifinalist | Quarterfinalist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Apr. | Singapore Ladies LTC Spring Tournament[20] Singapore, Straits Settlement Grass Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs. Rowell 6–2, 6–2 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs. Dare | ||
| 24 Apr | Geelong Easter Tournament[21] Geelong LTC Geelong, Australia Asphalt Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Ellen M Mayne 3–6, 6–5, 6–3 |
Шаблон:Flagicon A. Chenery | Шаблон:Flagicon Miss McKenzie |
May
June
July
August
September
October
| Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semifinalist | Quarterfinalist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 Oct | Scheveningen International Tournament HLTC Leimonias De Bataaf The Hague, Netherlands Cement Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Mev. van de Poll def. |
Шаблон:Flagicon M. Bol | ||
| 12 Oct | Queensland Championships Greet Sports Ground Brisbane, Australia Grass Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs. Quinnell 6–1, 6–0 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Miss. Earle | ||
| Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Lee Шаблон:Flagicon Mr. Haughton 6–3, 6–1 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Earle Шаблон:Flagicon Richard John Cottell |
November
| Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semifinalist | Quarterfinalist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 Nov | Victorian Championships Melbourne C.C. Grounds Melbourne, Australia Grass Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon Nellie A'Beckett 6–3, 6–4 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Raleigh | Шаблон:Flagicon E. Raleigh Шаблон:Flagicon Mabel Shaw |
|
| Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Raleigh Шаблон:Flagicon E. Raleigh 6–4, 6–5 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Ellen M Mayne Шаблон:Flagicon Mackenzie | ||||
| Шаблон:Flagicon Nellie A'Beckett Шаблон:Flagicon Henry F. De Little 6–3, 7–5 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Ellen M. Mayne Шаблон:Flagicon Richard Ernest Shuter |
December
| Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semifinalist | Quarterfinalist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 Dec | Corowa Lawn Tennis Tournament[55] Corowa, Australia Grass Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon M. Sloane 6–5, 5–6, 6–5 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs. Hay | ||
| 16 Dec | Linwood Lawn Tennis Club Tournament Auckland, New Zealand Grass Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon E Gordon 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 |
Шаблон:Flagicon M Simpson | ||
| 30 Dec | New Zealand Championships[56] Carisbrooke Cricket Ground Dunedin, New Zealand Grass Singles - Doubles |
Шаблон:Flagicon E. Gordon 7–5, 7–5 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Ruth Orbell | Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Campbell Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs George Way |
Шаблон:Flagicon Nina Douslin Шаблон:Flagicon Hilda Hitchings Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Grant Шаблон:Flagicon Fanny Ollivier |
| Шаблон:Flagicon E. Gordon Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Harman 6–1, 6–2 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Ruth Orbell Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Rattray | ||||
| Шаблон:Flagicon Miss F. Rattray Шаблон:Flagicon A.E Gibbs 9–7, 6–4 |
Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Smith Шаблон:Flagicon J.M. McKerras |
Tournament winners (singles)
This is a list of winners by the total number of singles titles won for 1889 major titles in bold:
- Шаблон:Flagicon Louisa Martin – Bath, Cheltenham, Irish Championships (3)
- Шаблон:Flagicon May Langrishe – Brighton, Bournemouth, Eastbourne, (3)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Lottie Dod – Darlington, Northern Championships, (2)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Ivy Arbuthnot – East Grinstead, Felixstowe, (2)
- Шаблон:Flagicon E Gordon – Auckland II, Dunedin II, (2)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mabel Grant – Hamilton, Pietermaritzburg, (2)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Ellen M Mayne – Geelong, Sydney, (2)
- Шаблон:Flagicon E. Malcolm – Keswick, Moffat, (2)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Lida Voorhees – Livingston, Wissahickon, (2)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Bertha Townsend – U.S.National Championships, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Constance Bryan – Cannes, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon R. Orbell – Dunedin, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs Bruce-Johnston – Pau, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs. Rowell – Singapore, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Nicholas – Madras, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Florence Stanuell – Dublin, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Lottie Paterson – Edinburgh II, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon May Jacks – London, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mary Pick – Waterloo, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Connie Butler – Edinburgh, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Pope – Penarth, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Maud Shackle – Beckenham, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Maud Watson – Edgbaston, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Blanche Hillyard – Wimbledon Championships, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Katherine Grey – Hull, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mary Steedman – Chiswick Park, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mabel Boulton – Ilkley, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Helen Jackson – Newcastle, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Norman – Colchester, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Katherine Hole – Exmouth, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Alice Cheese – Darlington, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Crossley – Sheffield, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Frances Arrowsmith – Victoria, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Bertha Steedman – Buxton, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Beatrice Wood – Nottingham, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Miss. Moir – St Andrews, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Edith Gurney – Scarborough, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Winifred Kersey – Saxmundham, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon G. Crofton – Dublin, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon F. Williams – South Orange, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Miss Bursk – Lancaster, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Sarah Allen – Trefriw, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Bessie Carpenter – Sewickley, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Charlotte Cooper – Ealing, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon May Carter – Santa Monica, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs. Chaytor – Singapore II, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Edith Austin – Dieppe, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mev. van de Poll – Scheveningen, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Mrs Quinnell – Brisbane, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon Nellie A'Beckett – Melbourne, (1)
- Шаблон:Flagicon M. Sloane – Corowa, (1)
Statistical summary
Singles
- Total Tournaments (62)
- Most Titles: Шаблон:Flagicon Louisa Martin & Шаблон:Flagicon May Langrishe (3)
- Most Finals: Шаблон:Flagicon Louisa Martin (4)
- Most Matches Played: Шаблон:Flagicon Blanche Hillyard (16)
- Most Matches Won: Шаблон:Flagicon Blanche Hillyard (13)
- Match Winning %: Шаблон:Flagicon Louisa Martin (85.7%) min 14 matches
- Most Tournaments Played: Шаблон:Flagicon Connie Butler (7)
References
Sources
- Bartlett, Michael and Gillen, Bob. (1981) The Tennis Book, edited by Michael Bartlett and Bob Gillen, Arbor House, New York, ISBN 0-87795-344-9
- Collins, Bud. Total Tennis:The Ultimate Tennis Encyclopedia, Sport Classic Books, Toronto, Canada, ISBN 0-9731443-4-3.
- Crips, Mark (10 May 2022). In Pursuit of the Slam: My Year Travelling to Tennis's Top Four Tournaments (5 ed.). Manchester: i2.i Publishng. ISBN 9781914933981.
- Garcia, Gabriel. "Season: 1889". The Tennis Base. Madrid, Spain: Tennismem SAL.
- Hughes, G.P. Dunlop Lawn Tennis Almanack And Tournament Guide, G.P. Hughes.
- Lowe, Sir F. Gordon. Lowe's Lawn Tennis Annuals and Compendia, Eyre & Spottiswoode. London, England.
- Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. London: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 9780047960420.
- Someren, Janine van (December 2010). "3: The Amateur Tennis Circuit". Women's Sporting Lives: A biographical study of elite amateur tennis players at Wimbledon. A thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Southampton, England: University of Southampton Research Repository.
- Wallis Myers A. Ayre's Lawn Tennis Almanack And Tournament Guide, London, England.
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,22 1,23 1,24 1,25 1,26 1,27 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Lake. p.343.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Someren p.35.
- ↑ Someren p.31.
- ↑ Berry. David (2020). A people's history of tennis. (2) Feminists. Pluto Books London Шаблон:ISBN. p.38.
- ↑ Irish TV Documentary (4 Jul 2016). The True Tale Of The Irish Tennis Murderer. Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTE). Dublin. Ireland.
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite book
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