Английская Википедия:1906 Nobel Prize in Literature
Шаблон:Infobox award The 1906 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Italian poet Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907) "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces."[1] He was the first Italian author to receive the prize and was followed by Grazia Deledda in 1926.[2]
Laureate
Шаблон:Main Carducci started composing poetry while he was young, influenced by both the poets of his own time and those he had studied in the ancient and Italian periods. Rime ("Rhymes", 1857) was his debut book of poetry. In his active life he became an atheist, and the provocative poem Inno a Satana ("Hymn to Satan", 1865) is where he best displays his criticism of Christianity.[3] Carducci confessed his sins and was reconciled to the Catholic Church in 1895.[4] His other well-known poetry collections include Primavere elleniche ("Hellenic Springs", 1872), Odi barbare ("Barbarian Odes", 1877), and Giambi ed Epodi ("Giambi and Epodi", 1882).[5]
Deliberations
Nominations
Carducci was nominated on 9 occasions starting in 1902 by Antonio Fogazzaro, an Italian Senator and author. In 1906, he received four nominations from academics and writers which eventually led him to becoming the year's recipient.[6]
The Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy received 54 nominations for 24 individuals, among them Leo Tolstoy, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Selma Lagerlöf (awarded in 1909), Jaroslav Vrchlický, Georg Brandes, and Antonio Fogazzaro. Eleven of the nominees were nominated first-time such as Pedro Pablo Figueroa, Gaston Boissier, Louis Franck, George Lansing Raymond, Borden Parker Bowne, Angelo de Gubernatis, and William Booth. Selma Lagerlöf was the only female nominee recorded.[7]
The authors Émile Boutmy, Eliza Brightwen, Ferdinand Brunetière, Ellen Mary Clerke, Anne Ross Cousin, José María de Pereda, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Max Eyth, Giuseppe Giacosa, Alexander Kielland, Jean Lorrain, Agnes Catherine Maitland, Bartolomé Mitre, Vasile Pogor, Charlotte Riddell, Hendrik Jan Schimmel, Elizabeth Missing Sewell, Eduard von Hartmann, and Adeline Dutton Whitney died in 1906 without having been nominated for the prize.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Max BewerШаблон:Efn (1861–1921) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, songwriting, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 2 | Gaston Boissier (1823–1908) | Шаблон:Flag | history, essays, translation | Jacobus Johannes Hartman (1851–1924) |
| 3 | William BoothШаблон:Efn (1829–1912) | Шаблон:Flag | theology, essays, songwriting | Otto Classen (1868–1939)Шаблон:Efn |
| 4 | Borden Parker BowneШаблон:Efn (1847–1910) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, theology, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 5 | Georg Brandes (1842–1927) | Шаблон:Flag | literary criticism, essays | Troels Frederik Lund (1840–1921)Шаблон:Efn |
| 6 | Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, literary criticism, biography, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 7 | Houston Stewart ChamberlainШаблон:Efn (1855–1927) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
philosophy | Leopold von Schroeder (1851–1920) |
| 8 | Angelo de Gubernatis (1840–1913) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, essays, philology, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 9 | Pedro Pablo Figueroa (1857–1909) | Шаблон:Flag | history, biography, essays | Leonardo Eliz y Las Rosas (1861–1939)Шаблон:Efn |
| 10 | Antonio Fogazzaro (1842–1911) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, short story | Carl Bildt (1850–1931)Шаблон:Efn |
| 11 | Louis Franck (1868–1937) | Шаблон:Flag | law | Ernest Nys (1851–1920) |
| 12 | Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1946) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel | 35 German and Austrian professors and members of societiesШаблон:Efn |
| 13 | Max HaushoferШаблон:Efn (1840–1907) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, short story, essays | Emil Milan (1859–1917)Шаблон:Efn |
| 14 | Selma Lagerlöf (1858–1940) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 15 | George Meredith (1828–1909) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry | John Collier (1850–1934) |
| 16 | John Morley (1838–1923) | Шаблон:Flag | biography, literary criticism, essays | John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury (1858–1929) |
| 17 | Lewis Morris (1833–1907) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, songwriting, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 18 | William Jonathan NeidigШаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn (1870–1955) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, short story, essays | Henry Burrowes Lathrop (1867–1936) |
| 19 | George Lansing RaymondШаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn (1839–1929) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, philosophy | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 20 | Albert Sorel (1842–1906) | Шаблон:Flag | history, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 21 | Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, literary criticism, novel | 35 members of the Society of Authors |
| 22 | Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, poetry | Ludovic Halévy (1837–1908) |
| 23 | Jaroslav Vrchlický (1853–1912) | Шаблон:Flag (Шаблон:Flag) |
poetry, drama, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 24 | Joseph Viktor WidmannШаблон:Efn (1842–1911) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, literary criticism | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
Prize decision
For 1906, the committee's shortlist only consisted of Leo Tolstoy and Giosuè Carducci.Шаблон:Cn During the deliberations, the chair of the committee Carl David af Wirsén had ordered for the copy of Tolstoy's recent works for assessment, but Tolstoy wrote a letter to one of the friends of the Nobel Committee member stating his lack of interest in the Nobel Prize.Шаблон:Cn With that decision, the Swedish Academy voted unanimously for Carducci, a rare occasion by the Academy.[8] The decision to award Carducci is considered one of the least controversial in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature. He was the first and remain one of the few laureates who got all of the delivered votes from the members of the Swedish Academy.[8]
Award ceremony
Due to Carducci's declining health, he was not able to receive the prize personally in Stockholm. Instead, the Swedish ambassador in Italy received it on his behalf.[9]
Notes
References
External links
- Award ceremony speech by C.D. af Wirsén nobelprize.org
Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Literature
- ↑ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Giosuè Carducci – Facts nobelprize.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Giosuè Carducci britannica.com
- ↑ Nomination archive – Giosuè Carducci nobelprize.org
- ↑ Nomination archive – 1906 nobelprize.org
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Helmer Lång Hundra nobelpris i litteratur 1901-2001, Symposion 2001, p.50
- ↑ 1906 Award ceremony nobelprize.org
