Английская Википедия:1910 United States House of Representatives elections
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 1910 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1910, while Maine and Vermont held theirs early in September, in the middle of President William Howard Taft's term. Elections were held for all 391 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 46 states, to the 62nd United States Congress.
The conservative Taft contended with major factional splits within his Republican Party. Instead of using his position as president to bridge compromise, Taft alienated the progressive wing of the party, which had championed his predecessor, Theodore Roosevelt. While conservatives controlled the largest number of elected positions for Republicans, progressive politics had been what brought many voters to the polls. The clash of these units of the Republican Party, combined with the message of unity from the Democratic Party, was enough to allow the Democrats to take control of the House, ending 16 years in opposition. This was the first time that the Socialist Party won a seat.
Issues
Protection was the ideological cement holding the Republican coalition together. High tariffs were used by Republicans to promise higher sales to business, higher wages to industrial workers, and higher demand for their crops to farmers. Progressive insurgents said it promoted monopoly. Democrats said it was a tax on the little man. It had greatest support in the Northeast, and greatest opposition in the South and West. The Midwest was the battleground.[1] The great battle over the high Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act in 1910 ripped the Republicans apart and set up the realignment in favor of the Democrats.[2]
Election summaries
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:58.38%" nowrap | 230 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:0.5%" nowrap | 2 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:41.12%" nowrap | 162 |
| Democratic | Шаблон:Efn | Republican |
Файл:62 us house membership.png
|
Файл:62 us house changes.png
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
Election dates
In 1910, two states, with 6 seats between them, held elections early:
Two newly admitted states held elections late: New Mexico and Arizona held their first elections in 1911.
Special elections
Шаблон:Expand section Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Samuel Louis Gilmore
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| [[1909 Louisiana's 2nd congressional district special election|1909 Шаблон:Small]]
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died July 18, 1910.
New member elected November 8, 1910.
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to the next term, see below.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Charles Q. Tirrell
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1900
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent died July 31, 1910.
New member elected November 8, 1910.
Democratic gain.
Winner lost election to the next term, see below.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Walter P. Brownlow
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1896
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent died July 8, 1910.
New member elected November 8, 1910.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr
|}
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Ushr | Stephen M. Sparkman | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Frank Clark | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Dannite H. Mays | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Georgia
Idaho
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Thomas R. Hamer
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1908
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | Samuel Louis Gilmore | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1909 Louisiana's 2nd congressional district special election|1909 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died July 18, 1910. New member elected. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to finish the term; see above. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | George P. Lawrence | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1897 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Frederick H. Gillett | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Charles G. Washburn
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1906 (special)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| colspan="3" | Vacant
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent died July 31, 1910.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Butler Ames | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Augustus Peabody Gardner | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1902 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Ernest W. Roberts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Samuel W. McCall | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| John A. Keliher
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1902
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Joseph F. O'Connell
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1906
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Andrew James Peters | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John W. Weeks | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William S. Greene | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Eugene Foss
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1910 (special)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Massachusetts.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Thomas Spight
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1898 (special)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Benjamin G. Humphreys II | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Thomas U. Sisson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Adam M. Byrd
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1902
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Eaton J. Bowers
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1902
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William A. Dickson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | James Collier | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Missouri
Montana
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Charles N. Pray | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Nebraska
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John A. Maguire | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Gilbert Hitchcock
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1906
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | James P. Latta | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Edmund H. Hinshaw
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1902
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | George W. Norris | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Moses Kinkaid | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! rowspan=2 | Шаблон:Ushr
Шаблон:Small
| Louis B. Hanna
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| nowrap | 1908
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap rowspan=2 | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
| Asle Gronna
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| nowrap | 1904
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
|}
Ohio
Oklahoma
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Bird S. McGuire | Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Republican | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Dick T. Morgan | Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Charles E. Creager
| Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Republican
| 1908
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Charles D. Carter | Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Scott Ferris | Шаблон:Party shading/Text/Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Oregon
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Willis C. Hawley
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1906
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William R. Ellis
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1906
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Ushr | George Swinton Legaré | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | James O. Patterson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1904 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Wyatt Aiken | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Joseph T. Johnson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | David E. Finley | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | J. Edwin Ellerbe | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Asbury F. Lever | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
South Dakota
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! rowspan=2 | Шаблон:Ushr
Шаблон:Small
| Charles H. Burke
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1908
| Incumbent re-elected.
| rowspan=2 nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- | Eben Martin | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected.
|}
Tennessee
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Zachary D. Massey
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1910 (special)
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican/Hold |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Richard W. Austin | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | John A. Moon | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Cordell Hull | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | William C. Houston | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Jo Byrns | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Lemuel P. Padgett | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Thetus W. Sims | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Finis J. Garrett | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | George Gordon | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | Carter Glass | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1902 Virginia's 6th congressional district special election|1902 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr | |||||
| Шаблон:Ushr |
Washington
West Virginia
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| William P. Hubbard
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1906
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| George C. Sturgiss
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1906
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Joseph H. Gaines
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1900
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|-
! Шаблон:Ushr
| Harry C. Woodyard
| Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1902
| Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | James A. Hughes | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Шаблон:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Шаблон:Ushr | Frank W. Mondell | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Шаблон:Plainlist
|}
Non-voting delegates
Alaska Territory
Шаблон:See also Alaska Territory elected its non-voting delegate August 9, 1910.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | James Wickersham | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1908 | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Arizona Territory
Шаблон:See also Arizona Territory elected its non-voting delegate sometime in 1910, but did not serve out the complete term as statehood was granted in 1912.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | Ralph H. Cameron | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1908 | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
New Mexico Territory
Шаблон:See also New Mexico Territory elected its non-voting delegate sometime in 1910, but did not serve out the complete term as statehood was granted in 1912.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Шаблон:Ushr | William Henry Andrews | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1904 | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent re-elected. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
- Baker, John D. “The Character of the Congressional Revolution of 1910.” Journal of American History 60#3 (1973), pp. 679–691. online on the revolt against Cannon
- Coletta, Paolo E. The Presidency of William Howard Taft (1973) pp 101–120.
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Gould, Lewis L. The William Howard Taft Presidency (2009) pp 107–120.
- Hechler, Ken. Insurgency; personalities and politics of the Taft era (1964) online
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Rubin, Ruth Bloch. "Organizing for Insurgency: Intraparty Organization and the Development of the House Insurgency, 1908–1910." Studies in American Political Development 27.2 (2013): 86-110 online.
- Solvick, Stanley D. "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 50.3 (1963): 424-442 online.
External links
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
Шаблон:United States House of Representatives elections Шаблон:1910 United States elections
- ↑ Howard R. Smith, and John Fraser Hart, "The American tariff map." Geographical Review 45.3 (1955): 327-346 online.
- ↑ Stanley D. Solvick, "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 50.3 (1963): 424-442 online
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
