Английская Википедия:1912 Acambay earthquake
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox earthquake
The 1912 Acambay earthquake struck the State of Mexico on 19 November at 07:55 local time.[1] It had a moment magnitude of 6.7–6.9 Шаблон:M and an epicenter near the town of Acambay, Шаблон:Cvt northwest of Mexico City. Up to 161 people died and there was severe destruction. It is regarded as one of the most important earthquakes in Mexico's seismological history, having been widely studied.
Tectonic setting
The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt which spans across central Mexico for Шаблон:Cvt is the product of ongoing subduction of the Cocos and Rivera plates beneath the North American Plate. These plates subduct off Mexico's Pacific coast and plunge about Шаблон:Cvt beneath the volcanic belt. Seismicity occur along the subducting plates. However, the volcanic belt also produces shallow intraplate earthquakes along faults within. Although these earthquakes are rare, they can measure up to Шаблон:M 7.6 and be destructive. Most of these earthquakes are due to normal faulting while small components of strike-slip have been determined through seismic inversion.[2]
Earthquake
Only two major earthquakes of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt have been instrumentally recorded; the 1912 Acambay and 1920 Xalapa earthquakes. Located just northwest of Mexico City, the 1912 earthquake is regarded as the closest shallow intraplate earthquake to the city. The geology of the city, consisting of soft clay deposits from an ancient lake, arriving seismic waves are amplified, causing large ground motions. The estimated Modified Mercalli intensity in the city was VII–VIII.[2]
The earthquake ruptured the Acambay-Tixmadejé Fault, a north-bounding fault of the Acambay graben. It is a normal fault that dips 60–70° to the south. The east–west trending graben measures Шаблон:Cvt long and Шаблон:Cvt wide, bounded to the north and south by faults.[2] A Шаблон:Cvt-long surface rupture was observed with a fault scarp of ≥Шаблон:Cvt. Rupturing was also reported along faults within the graben and the opposite-bounding Pastores Fault for Шаблон:Cvt and Шаблон:Cvt, respectively. Surface ruptures were well documented and photographed by geologists.[3] About 60 aftershocks were recorded from 19 November 1912 to 15 April 1913.[4]
Impact
Between 140 and 161 people were killed in Acambay, Timilpan and Tixmadejé. Victims perished during the collapse of colonial-era buildings. Brick, adobe baroque-style structures were destroyed. In Acambay, every home was destroyed and a church toppled during a mass.[5] Mexico City was damaged. Many historical structures were destroyed. Reconstruction of the affected communities began in 1913.[4] A maximum seismic intensity of X was assigned in Acambay and Tixmadejé.[6]
See also
References
Шаблон:Earthquakes in the 1910s Шаблон:Earthquakes in Mexico
- Английская Википедия
- 1912 earthquakes
- Earthquakes in Mexico
- November 1912 events in North America
- 1912 in Mexico
- History of the State of Mexico
- 1912 disasters in Mexico
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