Английская Википедия:1912 Nobel Prize in Literature
Шаблон:Infobox award The 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German dramatist and novelist Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1949) "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art."[1] He is the fourth German author to become a recipient of the prize after Paul Heyse in 1910.[2]
Laureate
Шаблон:Main Gerhart Hauptmann achieved prominence as one of the pioneers of German Naturalism. Naturalism emphasizes observation and determinism as key concepts. Vor Sonnenaufgang ("Before Sunrise"), a drama he wrote in 1889, launched his career and received critical acclaim at the same time and was followed by other successful plays such as Die Weber ("The Weaver", 1892), Hanneles Himmelfahrt ("The Assumption of Hannele", 1893), and Die versunkene Glocke ("The Sunken Bell", 1896). Hauptmann was inspired by the discussion and quickly produced a series of works with realistic themes. He released Der Narr in Christo Emanuel Quint ("The Fool in Christ, Emanuel Quint)", his debut book, in 1910.[3][2]
Deliberations
Nominations
Gerhart Huaptmann was nominated in 5 occasions (three in 1902 and one nomination in 1906). His nomination in 1912 was made Erich Schmidt (1853–1913), historian of literature and member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, which eventually led him to being awarded the prize.[4]
In total, the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy received 40 nominations for 30 individuals. The highest nominations was for Spanish novelist Benito Pérez Galdós with five nominations. Among the repeated nominees include Henry James, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw (awarded in 1925), William Chapman, Verner von Heidenstam (awarded in 1916), and Juhani Aho. Ten of the nominees were nominated first-time, among them Henri Bergson (awarded in 1927), Pencho Slaveykov, Sven Hedin, Carl Spitteler (awarded in 1919), Jean-Henri Fabre, Salvatore Farina, Benito Pérez Galdós, Adolf Frey, and James George Frazer. No female authors were nominated that year.[5]
The authors Herman Bang, Robert Barr, Berta Behrens, Alexandre Bisson, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Felix Dahn, Louis de Gramont, Léon Dierx, Horace Howard Furness, Joseph Furphy, Jacques Futrelle, Girish Chandra Ghosh, Theodor Gomperz, George Grossmith, Bertha Jane Grundy, Mir Mosharraf Hossain, Alphonse Lemerre, Lie Kim Hok, Karl May, Gabriel Monod, Giovanni Pascoli, Rafael Pombo, Bolesław Prus, Addison Peale Russell, Bram Stoker, Aleksey Suvorin, and Victoria, Lady Welby died in 1912 without having been nominated for the prize. The Bulgarian poet Pencho Slaveykov died months before the announcement.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Juhani Aho (1861–1921) | Шаблон:Flag (Шаблон:Flag) |
novel, short story | Johan Wilhelm Ruuth (1854–1928) |
| 2 | Rafael Altamira Crevea (1866–1951) | Шаблон:Flag | history, pedagogy, law, essays | Fermín Canella Secades (1849–1924) |
| 3 | Henri Bergson (1859–1941) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy | Andrew Lang (1844–1912) |
| 4 | William Chapman (1850–1917) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, translation | Adrien-Bruno Roy, O.M.I. (?) |
| 5 | Francesco D'Ovidio (1849–1925) | Шаблон:Flag | philology, literary criticism | Ernesto Monaci (1844–1918) |
| 6 | Jean-Henri Fabre (1823–1915) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, essays, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 7 | Salvatore Farina (1846–1918) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | 3 members of the Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere |
| 8 | Anatole France (1844–1924) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, drama, novel, literary criticism | Paul Hervieu (1857–1915) |
| 9 | James George Frazer (1854–1941) | Шаблон:Flag | history, essays, translation | George Augustin Macmillan (1855–1936) |
| 10 | Adolf Frey (1855–1920) | Шаблон:Flag | biography, history, essays | Wilhelm Oechsli (1851–1919) |
| 11 | Karl Adolph Gjellerup (1857–1919) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, novel | 5 members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters |
| 12 | Ángel Guimerá Jorge (1845–1924) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 13 | Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry | 70 members of the Royal Society of Literature |
| 14 | Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1946) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel | Erich Schmidt (1853–1913) |
| 15 | Sven Hedin (1865–1952) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, autobiography, history | Fredrik Wulff (1845–1930) |
| 16 | Harald Høffding (1843–1931) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, theology | 12 members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters |
| 17 | Henry James (1843–1916) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, short story, drama, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 18 | Hans Ernst Kinck (1865–1926) | Шаблон:Flag | philology, novel, short story, drama, essays | Gerhard Gran (1856–1925) |
| 19 | Ernest Lavisse (1842–1922) | Шаблон:Flag | history | Hans Hildebrand (1842–1913) |
| 20 | Pierre Loti (1850–1923) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, autobiography, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 21 | Benito Pérez Galdós (1843–1920) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 22 | Salvador Rueda Santos (1857–1933) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | 10 professors of the Cardenal Cisneros Institute |
| 23 | Karl Schönherr (1867–1943) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, short story, poetry | Karl Johan Warburg (1852–1918) |
| 24 | George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, essays, novel | Kristian Birch-Reichenwald Aars (1868–1917) |
| 25 | Pencho Slaveykov (1866–1912) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Alfred Jensen (1859–1921) |
| 26 | Georgios Souris (1853–1919) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, songwriting | Georgios Hatzidakis (1848–1941) |
| 27 | Carl Spitteler (1845–1924) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 28 | Émile Verhaeren (1855–1916) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | 2 professors of the Free University of Brussels |
| 29 | Ernst von der Recke (1848–1933) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 30 | Verner von Heidenstam (1859–1940) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry | Fredrik Wulff (1845–1930) |
Prize decision
In 1911 and 1912, the committee's shortlists included Henry James, Maurice Maeterlinck, George Bernard Shaw and Gerhart Hauptmann.Шаблон:Cn During the deliberations, James was commended for his "fine style and conversational and situation novels" but was dismissed due to the "lack of concentration, and his recent work The Wings of the Dove was too improbable and odious in subject";Шаблон:Cn Maeterlinck was praised as "a poet of admirable power and versatility... surprisingly great" and that "his choice will be like in most quarters, because this poet enjoys a world reputation and his writings are widely read and accepted";Шаблон:Cn Shaw was seen with "works lacking the ideal direction";Шаблон:Cn and Hauptmann was praised as being one of the finest naturalists in Europe with his The Weavers playing a vital role for his Nobel triumph.Шаблон:Cn Hence for 1911 and 1912, Maeterlinck and Hauptmann were selected respectively.[6]Шаблон:Page needed
Notes
References
External links
- Award ceremony speech by Hans Hildebrand nobelprize.org
- 1912 Banquet speech nobelprize.org
Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Literature
- ↑ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912 nobelprize.org
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Gerhart Hauptmann britannica.com
- ↑ Gerhart Hauptmann – Facts nobelprize.org
- ↑ Nomination archive – Gerhart Hauptmann nobelprize.org
- ↑ Nomination archive – 1912 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Gustav Källstrand Andens Olympiska Spel: Nobelprisets historia, Fri Tanke 2021
