Английская Википедия:1915 Çanakkale Bridge

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox bridge The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge (Шаблон:Lang-tr) is a road suspension bridge in the province of Çanakkale in northwestern Turkey. Situated just south of the coastal towns of Lapseki and Gelibolu, the bridge spans the Dardanelles, about Шаблон:Cvt south of the Sea of Marmara. The bridge was officially opened by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on 18 March 2022 after roughly five years of construction. The year "1915" in the official Turkish name honours an important Ottoman naval victory against the navies of the United Kingdom and France during World War I.

The bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the world—with a main span of Шаблон:Cvt, the bridge surpasses the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (1998) in Japan by Шаблон:Cvt. It is the centrepiece of the planned Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:USD Kınalı-Balıkesir Motorway, which will connect the O-3 and O-7 motorways in East Thrace to the O-5 motorway in Anatolia.

The bridge is the first fixed crossing over the Dardanelles and the sixth one across the Turkish Straits, after three bridges over the Bosphorus and two tunnels under it.

Design and cost

The bridge's tender project was designed by Tekfen Construction and Installation and detailed designed by COWI A/S and PEC (Pyunghwa Engineering Consultants in South Korea, for cable design and approach bridge design packages only). Arup and Aas-Jakobsen participated in the project as Independent Design Verifier (IDV). The Administrator consultants are Tekfen and T-ingénierie.

The total length of the bridge is Шаблон:Cvt and together with the approach viaducts the length reaches Шаблон:Cvt, which surpasses the total length of the Osman Gazi Bridge and its approach viaducts by Шаблон:Cvt, to become the longest bridge of any type in Turkey.

The height of the bridge's two towers is Шаблон:Cvt,Шаблон:NoteTag making it the tallest bridge in Turkey, surpassing Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, and the third tallest structure in the country. Internationally, the bridge is the second tallest bridge in the world, surpassing the Pingtang Bridge in China. The deck of the bridge is Шаблон:Cvt high and Шаблон:Cvt wide, with a maximum thickness of Шаблон:Cvt. The deck carries six lanes of motorway (three in each direction), together with a walkway on each side for maintenance.

According to President Erdoğan, the bridge cost 2.5 billion euros (2.7 billion US dollars) to build, but would save €415 million ($458 million) per year from a reduction of fuel consumption and carbon emissions.

History

Proposals for a bridge spanning the Dardanelles Strait have existed since the 1990s. A bridge was proposed again in 2012, and in 2014, it was placed in the Turkish government's future transportation projects list. In September 2016, the government officially launched the bridge building project. Bids for the contract to construct the bridge were made in 2017. The contract was awarded to a consortium containing Turkish companies Limak Holding and Yapı Merkezi, alongside South Korean companies DL Holdings and SK Ecoplant.

Construction began in March 2017. The bridge was initially scheduled for completion in September 2023, and later brought forward to March 2022. On 16 May 2020, the second tower was completed, on the Gallipoli side (European coast). By 13 November 2021 all block decks were installed. The toll bridge opened for traffic on 18 March 2022, with a toll price of 200 lira (€6.78).

A Chinese consul general Zhang Meifang uploaded a video to social media on 13 Feb 2023 that inaccurately claimed the bridge in Turkey withstood the recent devastating earthquake thanks to Chinese technology. Zhang wrote, "The bridge built by China in Turkey’s withstood the earthquake #ChinaTech." She also falsely claimed that "a subsidiary of Shudao Group is the sole participant in the construction." The bridge was also unlikely to be in any danger from the devastating magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck Turkey's southeastern provinces on 6 Feb 2023, as it is located approximately 950 kilometers (590 miles) northwest from Kahramanmaras, the city closest to the quake's epicenter.

Symbolism

Some symbolic figures are associated with the bridge:

• the number 1915 in the name,
• the height of intersection point of main cable (318 m),
• and the opening date (18 March),

are all related to the date of the Ottoman naval victory, on 18 March 1915, during the naval operations in the Gallipoli campaign. Meanwhile, the length of the bridge's main span (2,023 metres) refers to the centennial of the Turkish Republic (1923–2023).

Gallery

• Under construction
• Western tower, March 2020

  Western tower, March 2020

• View from European side to Asian side, March 2020

  View from European side to Asian side, March 2020

• Файл:Çanakkale 1915 Bridge construction June 2021 1.jpg
• The bridge near completion

  The bridge near completion

• A video from the bridge in March 2022

  A video from the bridge in March 2022

• 1915 Çanakkale Bridge Commemorative Coin

  1915 Çanakkale Bridge Commemorative Coin

See also

• Osman Gazi Bridge
• Istanbul Canal
• Other crossings of the Turkish Straits:
  • Bosphorus Bridge
  • Eurasia Tunnel, undersea tunnel, crossing the Bosphorus for vehicular traffic, opened in December 2016
  • Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge
  • Great Istanbul Tunnel, a proposed three-level road-rail undersea tunnel
  • Marmaray Tunnel, undersea rail tunnel connecting the Asian and European sides of Istanbul
  • Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge
  • Xerxes' Pontoon Bridges, an ancient attempted crossing at a similar location (480 BC)

External links

• Official website
• Çanakkale 1915 Bridge Шаблон:Webarchive at Daelim web site