Английская Википедия:1920 Haiyuan earthquake

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox earthquake The 1920 Haiyuan earthquake (Шаблон:Zh) occurred on December 16 in Haiyuan County, Ningxia Province, Republic of China at 19:05:53. It was also called the 1920 Gansu earthquake[1] because Ningxia was a part of Gansu Province when the earthquake occurred. It caused destruction in the Lijunbu-Haiyuan-Ganyanchi area and was assigned the maximum intensity on the Mercalli intensity scale (XII Extreme). About 258,707~273,407 died,[2] making it one of the most fatal earthquakes in China, in turn making it one of the worst disasters in China by death toll.

Earthquake

The earthquake hit at 19:05:53 Gansu-Sichuan time (12:05:53 UTC),[3] reportedly 8.25 Шаблон:M[4] or 7.8 ML, and was followed by a series of aftershocks for three years.

Damage

Over 73,000 people were killed in Haiyuan County. A landslide buried the village of Sujiahe in Xiji County. More than 30,000 people were killed in Guyuan County.[5] Nearly all the houses collapsed in the cities of Longde and Huining. Damage (VI–X) occurred in seven provinces and regions, including the major cities of Lanzhou, Taiyuan, Xi'an, Xining and Yinchuan. It was felt from the Yellow Sea to Qinghai (Tsinghai) Province and from Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) south to central Sichuan Province.

Casualties

Since 2003,[6] Chinese seismologists have calculated 258,707~273,407 to be the empirical verifiable range of death toll.[2] Older sources put the deaths to be 234,117[7] or 235,502.[8] Either way, it is one of the most fatal earthquakes in China, in turn making it one of the worst disasters in China by death toll.

Many more perished because of cold: frequent aftershocks caused the survivors to fear building anything other than temporary shelters, and a severe winter killed many who had lived through the original earthquake.[9]

The Sufi Jahriyya Muslim Hui leader Ma Yuanzhang and his son died in the earthquake when the roof of the Mosque they were in collapsed in Zhangjiachuan.[10][11]

Ground effects

About Шаблон:Convert of surface faulting was seen from Lijunbu through Ganyanchi to Jingtai. There were over 50,000 landslides in the epicentral area and ground cracking was widespread. Some rivers were dammed; others changed course.[12] Seiches from this earthquake were observed in two lakes and three fjords in western Norway.[1]

Aftermath

The Muslim General Ma Fuxiang was involved in relief efforts in Lanzhou during the earthquake.[13][14][15]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Earthquakes in 1920 Шаблон:Earthquakes in China Шаблон:USGS

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок 2014e не указан текст
  5. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Xu_etal_2020 не указан текст
  6. ↑ 刘百篪，张俊玲，吴建华，郭华，《1920年12月16日海原8.5级大地震的伤亡人口再评估》，《中国地震》.
  7. ↑ 国家地震局兰州地震研究所，宁夏回族自治区地震队．一九二O年海原大地震．北京：地震出版社，1980. As cited in Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. ↑ 楼宝棠，主编．中国古今地震灾情总汇[M]．北京：地震出版社，1996. As cited in Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Close, Upton, and Elsie McCormick. "Where the Mountains Walked". National Geographic 41.5 (1922): 445–464: 451.
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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