Английская Википедия:1922 Manitoba general election
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 1922 Manitoba general election was held on July 18, 1922 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. The United Farmers of Manitoba won a narrow majority in the legislature.
As in the previous election of 1920, the city of Winnipeg elected ten members by the single transferable ballot. All other constituencies elected one member by first-past-the-post balloting. Before the next election, the 1927 Manitoba general election, the districts outside Winnipeg switched to Instant-runoff voting.
Summary
This election was a watershed moment in Manitoba's political history. Since the formal introduction of partisan government in 1888, Manitoba had been governed alternately by the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party. Although the previous election of 1920 sustained the Liberals in power, it also saw the two-party dichotomy weakened by the rise of farmer and labour parliamentary blocs.
In 1922, the old parties were mostly swept away by the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM). The UFM and Progressives candidates won 25 seats out of 52. Elections in three northern seats were deferred until later dates for logistical reasons.
The UFM had existed for several years as a farmer's organization, but some of its members ran as "Independent-Farmers" in the 1920 election. In 1921, however, the UFM announced it would field candidates during the 1922 campaign. The UFM was opposed to partisanship, and its most prominent members insisted that it was not a "party" in the traditional sense. UFM candidates often highlighted their lack of experience in partisan politics, and promised to govern the province in a restrained and responsible manner if elected to office.
The UFM membership was also heterogeneous. Although many supporters were free-trade agrarian Liberals before 1920, a number were also Conservatives. Some prominent UFM figures were also notable members of Manitoba's francophone community, which generally supported the Conservative Party before 1920.
The United Farmers fielded candidates in rural constituencies, and also endorsed candidates of the Progressive Association in Winnipeg. Even with these endorsements, the UFM operated on a shoestring budget, and fielded candidates in only two-thirds of the ridings. However, in a major upset, the UFM and Progressives won 25 seats out of 52.
Not even the UFM had expected to win government. Indeed, its expectations were so low that it had not had a formal leader during the campaign. Thus, when the UFM caucus met after the election, its first task was to choose a leader who would become premier. Thomas Crerar and Robert Hoey declined invitations to govern, and the caucus turned to John Bracken, president of the Manitoba Agricultural College. Although he had no political experience, Bracken accepted the appointment. He ran in one of the deferred elections, in The Pas, and was elected.
The UFM also won the deferred elections in Ethelbert and Rupertsland. This gave the government a bare majority of two seats. The UFM's political arm branded itself as the Progressive Party of Manitoba.
The other parties fared poorly in the 1922 campaign. The Liberals, led by outgoing premier Tobias Norris, fell from twenty-one seats to eight. The Conservatives, under their newly chosen leader Fawcett Taylor, fell from eight seats to seven.
The Independent Labour Party also experienced difficulties. In the 1920 election, Manitoba's various left-wing and working-class groups submerged their differences to run a united campaign. This cooperation was successful, and eleven labour candidates were elected to form the second-largest parliamentary bloc. By the 1922 election, however, the Labour Party was beset by long-standing divisions among socialists, communists and conservative trade unionists.
A total of thirteen labour candidates ran for ten seats in Winnipeg. Six were members of the ILP, and a seventh, former Social Democrat John Queen, ran as an "Independent Workers" candidate allied with the ILP. The other candidates were divided among themselves. The banned Communist Party ran three candidates under its legal front, the Workers Party. These candidates disrupted meetings of Socialist incumbent George Armstrong, and accused him of selling out his principles to moderates and social gospellers. Two conservative trade-unionists also ran as Union Labour candidates, opposing radicalism in the labour movement.
Five ILP candidates were elected, and John Queen was also elected in Winnipeg. Labour leader Fred Dixon topped the poll in Winnipeg for a second time, although by a reduced margin from 1920. George Armstrong lost his Winnipeg seat, and no other labour candidates were elected. Six independent candidates were also elected.
The Progressives would go on to govern Manitoba alone until 1932, when they joined forces with the Liberals to form the "Liberal-Progressive Party." The Liberal-Progressives would go on to govern Manitoba, either alone or in coalition, until 1959.
Results
Шаблон:Election table |- bgcolor=CCCCCC !rowspan="2" colspan="2" align=left|Party !rowspan="2" align=left|Party leader !rowspan="2"|Candidates !colspan="3" align=center|Seats !colspan="5" align=center|Popular vote[a 1] |- bgcolor=CCCCCC |align="center"|1920 |align="center"|1922 |align="center"|+/— |align="center"|1920 |align="center"|1922 |align="center"|+/— |align="center"|% |align="center"|Change Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|none |align="right"|49 |align="right"|10 |align="right"|28 |align="right"| +18 |align="right"|20,299 |align="right"|49,767 |align="right"| +29,468 |align="right"|32.8% |align="right"| +18.7% Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|Tobias Norris |align="right"|38 |align="right"|21 |align="right"|8 |align="right"| -13 |align="right"|50,422 |align="right"|35,225 |align="right"| -15,197 |align="right"|23.2% |align="right"| -11.9% Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|Fawcett Taylor |align="right"|26 |align="right"|8 |align="right"|7 |align="right"| -1 |align="right"|25,083 |align="right"|23,539 |align="right"| -1,544 |align="right"|15.5% |align="right"| -2.0% Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|Dominion Labour Party |align=left|Fred Dixon |align="right"|12 |align="right"|8 |align="right"|5 |align="right"| -3 |align="right"|23,390 |align="right"|16,781 |align="right"| -6,609 |align="right"|11.1% |align="right"| -5.2% Шаблон:Canadian party colour | |align="right"|20 |align="right"|1 |align="right"|5 |align="right"| +4 |align="right"|14,145 |align="right"|15,434 |align="right"| +1,289 |align="right"|10.2% |align="right"| +0.4% Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|Moderation League |align=left|J.K. Downes |align="right"|1 |align="right"|– |align="right"|1 |align="right"| +1 |align="right"|– |align="right"|3,621 |align="right"| +3,621 |align="right"|2.8% |align="right"|n/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|Independent Workers |align=left|John Queen[a 2] |align="right"|1 |align="right"|1 |align="right"|1 |align="right"|– |align="right"|1,253 |align="right"|2,348 |align="right"| +1,095 |align="right"|2.7% |align="right"| +1.8% Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|Brandon Labour Party |align=left|Albert Edward Smith |align="right"|1 |align="right"|1 |align="right"|– |align="right"| -1 |align="right"|2,007 |align="right"|2,060 |align="right"| +53 |align="right"|1.4% |align="right"|– Шаблон:Canadian party colour | |align="right"|5 |align="right"|– |align="right"|– |align="right"|– |align="right"|– |align="right"|1,728 |align="right"| +1,728 |align="right"|1.1% |align="right"|n/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|Socialist |align=left|George Armstrong |align="right"|1 |align="right"|1 |align="right"|– |align="right"| -1 |align="right"|2,767 |align="right"|1,271 |align="right"| -1,496 |align="right"|0.8% |align="right"| -1.1% Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|Independent Farmer | |align="right"|– |align="right"|3 |align="right"|– |align="right"| -3 |align="right"|2,863 |align="right"|– |align="right"| -2,863 |align="right"|– |align="right"|n/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |align=left|Independent-Conservative | |align="right"|– |align="right"|1 |align="right"|– |align="right"| -1 |align="right"|1,434 |align="right"|– |align="right"| -1,434 |align="right"|– |align="right"|n/a |- |align=left colspan="3"|Totals |align="right"|154 |align="right"|55 |align="right"|55 |align="right"|– |align="right"|143,663 |align="right"|151,774 |align="right"|+8,111 |align="right"|100.0% |align="right"|– |- |align=left colspan="7"|Registered voters and turnout |align="right"|209,760 |align="right"|222,499 |align="right"|+12,739 |align="right"|69.4% |align="right"|-1.2% |} Шаблон:ReflistШаблон:Bar boxШаблон:Bar box
Rural Manitoba
Шаблон:Canadian politics/candlist header
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Arthur
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Duncan Lloyd McLeod
1130
|
|John Williams
777
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|John Williams
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Beautiful Plains
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|George Little
1534
|
|James A. Dempsey
429
|
|Richard E. Coad
939
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|George Little
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Birtle
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Short
1307
|
|William Iverbach
710
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|George Malcolm
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Brandon City
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Albert Edward Smith (Brandon Labour Party/CLP)
2060
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|John Edmison (Ind)
3281
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Albert Edward Smith
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Carillon
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Albert Prefontaine
1010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Maurice Duprey (Ind)
694
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Maurice Duprey
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Cypress
|
|John Alexander Young
1205
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Spinks
1252
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Spinks
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Dauphin
|
|Henry Pears Nicholson
658
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Archibald Esplen
825
|
|
|
|George Palmer (ILP)
742
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|George Palmer
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Deloraine
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Duncan Stuart McLeod
1012
|
|Robert Thornton
810
|
|William Chalmers
829
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Robert Thornton
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Dufferin
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Brown
1645
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Herbert Robinson (Ind)
1504
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Edward August
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Emerson
|
|Robert Curran
566
|
|H. Stewart
435
|
|D.H. McFadden
567
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Dmytro Yakimischak (Ind. Farmer)
998
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Dmytro Yakimischak
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Fairford
|
|G.L. Marron
398
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Albert Kirvan
810
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Albert Kirvan
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Fisher
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Nicholas Bachynsky
581
|
|John Garfield Hamilton
262
|
|
|
|
|
|Henry L. Mabb (Ind)
354
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Henry L. Mabb
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Gilbert Plains
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Arthur Berry
1034
|
|George Darling Shortreed
317
|
|
|
|
|
|Horace Priestly Barrett (Ind)
499
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Findlater
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Gimli
|
|Ingimar Ingaldson
1310
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Michael Rojeski
1570
|
|Elias Grabosky
103
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Gudmundur Fjelsted
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Gladstone
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Albert McGregor
1527
|
|David Smith
649
|
|F.J. Erick Rhind
387
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|James Armstrong
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Glenwood
|
|Wellington Geddas Rathwell
950
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|James Breakey
1468
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Robson
Ind. Farmer
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Hamiota
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Thomas Wolstenholme
1338
|
|John Henry McConnell
935
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|John Henry McConnell
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Iberville
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Arthur Boivin
902
|
|H.A. Mullins
290
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Arthur Boivin
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Killarney
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Andrew Foster
949
|
|Thomas H. Buck
394
|
|G.W. Waldon
747
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Samuel Fletcher
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Lakeside
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Douglas Campbell
1591
|
|
|
|Herbert Muir
1101
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Charles Duncan McPherson
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Lansdowne
|
|John Morrison Allen
1219
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Tobias Norris
1680
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Tobias Norris
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |La Verendrye
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Philippe Adjutor Talbot
1134
|
|L.P. Roy
694
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Philippe Adjutor Talbot
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Manitou
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|George Compton
1049
|
|G.E. Davidson
531
|
|John Ridley
1018
|
|
|
|Joseph B. Lane (Ind)
548
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|John Ridley
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Minnedosa
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Neil Cameron
1966
|
|A.W. Shaw
1160
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|George Grierson
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Morden and Rhineland
|
|John Sweet
960
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|John Kennedy
1297
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|John Kennedy
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Morris
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Clubb
1222
|
|Alex Ayotte
751
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Clubb
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Mountain
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Charles Cannon
1580
|
|James Baird
968
|
|George M. Fraser
578
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|James Baird
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Norfolk
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|John Muirhead
1279
|
|
|
|Reuben J. Waugh
1142
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Reuben J. Waugh
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Portage la Prairie
|
|
|
|Charles D. McPherson
1307
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Fawcett Taylor
1436
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Fawcett Taylor
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Roblin
|
|Henry Richardson
1176
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Fred Newton
1185
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Henry Richardson
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Rockwood
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William McKinnell
1374
|
|
|
|Harvey Hicks
706
|
|
|
|Robert William Rutherford (Ind)
703
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William McKinnell
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Russell
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Isaac Griffiths
1177
|
|William W.W. Wilson
783
|
|Edgar Carnegy De Balinhard
741
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William W.W. Wilson
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |St. George
|
|Albert E. Kristjansson
860
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Skuli Sigfusson
1512
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Albert E. Kristjansson
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Ste. Rose
|
|Thomas McDonald
1272
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Joseph Hamelin (Ind)
1362
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Joseph Hamelin
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Swan River
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Robert Emmond
1320
|
|
|
|Daniel Hawe Sr.
548
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Robert Emmond
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Turtle Mountain
|
|R.W. Ramson
955
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Richard G. Willis
1059
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|George William McDonald
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Virden
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Robert Mooney
1638
|
|George Clingan
961
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|George Clingan
|}
Winnipeg suburbs
Шаблон:Canadian politics/candlist header
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Assiniboia
|
|Charles L. Richardson
999
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Bayley (ILP)
1844
|
|William Bourke (Ind)
843
John Haddon (Ind)
494
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|William Bayley
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Kildonan & St. Andrews
|
|Samuel Henry Summerscales
828
|
|Free Larter
977
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Charles Albert Tanner (ILP)
1453
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Charles Albert Tanner
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |St. Boniface
|
|
|
|H.M. Sutherland
1176
|
|
|
|Charles W. Foster (ILP)
1124
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Joseph Bernier (Ind)
2024
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Joseph Bernier
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |St. Clements
|
|Hugh Connolly
532
|
|
|
|
|
|Nicolas Kolisynk (Workers)
387
Matthew Stanbridge (ILP)
352
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Donald Ross (Ind)
1245
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Matthew Stanbridge
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Springfield
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Clifford Barclay
1014
|
|William James Black
854
|
|Samuel Leonard Henry
365
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Arthur Moore
|}
Winnipeg
Final results for Winnipeg: Liberal 2, Conservative 2, ILP 3, Moderation League 1, Independent Worker 1, Progressive Party 1
Valid votes: 44,328 Quota: 4030
Two were elected in the first count by achieving quota. One of them, Jacob, received votes exactly equal to quota. Three were elected at the end when the field of candidates was thinned to the number of remaining open seats. Their vote tallies never did come up to quota.
Eight of the front runners in the first count were elected so vote transfers affected the outcome for just two of the ten. The elected representation was more mixed and balanced than the result had been under first past the post in the two-member districts that had been in use in Winnipeg previously.
Note: Reports of vote tallies were incomplete for counts 32–36. Count 31 was used as the base for calculating applicable percentages above.
Deferred elections
Elections for several northern ridings were deferred to later dates:
Шаблон:Canadian politics/candlist header
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Ethelbert
(August 26, 1922)
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Nicholas A. Hryhorczuk
acclaimed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Nicholas A. Hryhorczuk
Ind. Farmer
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Rupertsland
(September 13, 1922)
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Francis Black
acclaimed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|John Morrison
|-
| style="background-color:whitesmoke" |The Pas
(October 5, 1922)
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|John Bracken
472
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Herman Finger (Ind) 118
P.C. Robertson (Ind) 71
R.H. MacNeill (Ind) 38
|Шаблон:Canadian party colour|
|Edward Brown
|}
Early by-elections
When Duncan Lloyd McLeod (Arthur), Neil Cameron (Minnedosa) and William Clubb (Morris) were appointed to cabinet on August 8, 1922, they were obliged to resign their seats and seek re-election. All were returned by acclamation on August 26, 1922.
Post-election changes
Winnipeg (res. Fred Dixon, July 27, 1923)
Mountain (Charles Cannon appointed to cabinet, December 3, 1923), December 24, 1923:
- Charles Cannon (P) 1630
- George Fraser (C) 857
Carillon (Albert Prefontaine appointed to cabinet, December 3, 1923), December 24, 1923:
- Albert Prefontaine (P) 1177
- Maurice Dupez (Ind) 494
Assiniboia (William Bayley leaves the Labour Party on January 8, 1924)
Lansdowne (res. Tobias Norris, 1925), December 9, 1925:
- Tobias Norris (L) accl.
St. Boniface (res. Joseph Bernier, September 1, 1926)
Further reading
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