Английская Википедия:1931 Nicaragua earthquake
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox earthquake
The 1931 Nicaragua earthquake devastated Nicaragua's capital city Managua on 31 March. It had a moment magnitude of 6.1 and a maximum MSK intensity of VI (Strong). Between 1,000 and 2,450 people were killed. A major fire started and destroyed thousands of structures, burning into the next day. At least 45,000 were left homeless and losses of $35 million were recorded.
Earthquake and aftermath
The earthquake hit Managua at 10:10[1] or 10:19 AM on 31 March, and caused cracks to spread throughout the western side of the city. East Managua was largely untouched.[2] The main quake's duration was around 5 to 6 seconds.[1] The quake was largely centered in Managua. Granada, Nicaragua, was unaffected.[3]
The earthquake caused a large fire, which burned for five days, destroying 33 blocks in "the richest and most important area of the city".[4] Around Шаблон:Convert of the city were seriously damaged and a further Шаблон:Convert saw "minor damage".[1] All major government buildings in the city except for the National Bank of Nicaragua and most of the nation's archives were destroyed. The city, which at the time had a population of around 60,000 people, saw the vast majorityШаблон:Em dashan estimated 35,000 or 45,000 left homeless. Ernest J. Swift, the director of relief efforts undertaken by the American Red Cross, estimated damages at around $15 million, though other estimates range as high as $30 or $35 million.[5][4][1] The most deaths occurred in the city's penitentiary.Шаблон:Sfn
American marines and the Guardia Nacional immediately began working to restore order in Managua. American navy soldiers established a hospital while army soldiers fought the fire.[4] Daniel I. Sultan, an American soldier who was leading the Nicaragua Canal Survey, organized a relief team of 34 soldiers, and was on an emergency committee for responding. He was charged with overseeing the restoration of railroads and water to the city, and chaired a food relief committee that provided 24,000 rations daily by April 24.Шаблон:Sfn The American Red Cross initially provided $10,000 towards relief, before increasing the amount to $100,000. People from Mexico and Panama, as well as other Central American countries, were sent to assist in relief and rebuilding efforts.[4] America flew in medical supplies, working to prevent the outbreak of various diseases.[6]
Rebuilding
In March 1932, The New York Times reported that "the Nicaraguan capital Is slowly emerging from ruins caused by 1931 earthquake". Rents fell by 40% in the year following the earthquake, and the city had slowly been rebuilding. Efforts were hampered by a lack of funding.[7] The city was eventually rebuilt in the Spanish Colonial architecture style.[8]
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
- American Assistance Following The Destruction Of Managua By The Earthquake Of March 31, 1931 – University of Wisconsin System
- Шаблон:EQ-isc-link
Шаблон:Earthquakes in the 1930s
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Toronto Star, April 1, 1931
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
