Английская Википедия:1934 California gubernatorial election
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election Шаблон:ElectionsCA The 1934 California gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1934. Held in the midst of the Great Depression, the 1934 election was amongst the most controversial in the state's political history, pitting conservative Republican Frank Merriam against former Socialist Party member turned Democrat Upton Sinclair, author of The Jungle. A strong third party challenge came from Progressive Raymond L. Haight, a Los Angeles lawyer campaigning for the political center. Much of the campaign's emphasis was directed at Sinclair's EPIC movement, proposing interventionist reforms to cure the state's ailing economy. Merriam, who had recently assumed the governorship following the death of James Rolph, characterized Sinclair's proposal as a step towards communism.
Negative campaigning funded by the film industry was used against Sinclair to favor the Merriam campaign, as depicted in the 2020 American biographical drama film Mank.[1]
Democratic primary
Campaign
- George Creel, investigative journalist
- Forest Dowey
- William H. Evans
- Z. T. Malaby
- W. J. McNichols
- Upton Sinclair, author and perennial Socialist Party candidate
- James E. Waddell
- Justus S. Wardell, nominee for Governor in 1926
- Milton K. Young, nominee for Governor in 1930
Results
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Republican primary
Candidates
- Raymond L. Haight, Los Angeles attorney
- Frank Merriam, incumbent Governor since June 1934
- C. C. Young, former Governor (1927–31)
Results
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General election
Candidates
- Samuel Adams Darcy, organizer of the Marine Workers Industrial Union and 1934 waterfront strike (Communist)
- Milen Dempster (Socialist)
- Raymond L. Haight, Los Angeles attorney (Commonwealth-Progressive)
- Frank Merriam, incumbent Governor since June 1934 (Republican)
- Upton Sinclair, author and perennial Socialist Party candidate (Democratic)
Results
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Results by county
| County | Merriam | Votes | Sinclair | Votes | Haight | Votes | Others | Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Kings | 41.18% | 3,633 | 26.37% | 2,326 | 32.28% | 2,848 | 0.17% | 17 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Alpine | 87.29% | 158 | 7.18% | 13 | 5.52% | 10 | 0.00% | 0 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Mono | 63.11% | 520 | 28.40% | 234 | 7.77% | 64 | 0.00% | 0 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Orange | 53.72% | 27,099 | 27.94% | 14,092 | 18.13% | 9,142 | 0.21% | 105 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Inyo | 57.39% | 1,514 | 33.24% | 877 | 8.79% | 232 | 0.57% | 15 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Lake | 56.54% | 2,317 | 32.65% | 1,338 | 10.57% | 433 | 0.24% | 10 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Del Norte | 49.39% | 1,221 | 44.74% | 1,106 | 5.22% | 129 | 0.65% | 16 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|San Benito | 65.25% | 2,931 | 27.85% | 1,251 | 6.59% | 296 | 0.31% | 14 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Sonoma | 57.41% | 15,329 | 30.58% | 8,164 | 11.50% | 3,070 | 0.51% | 136 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|San Diego | 50.76% | 44,422 | 36.65% | 32,073 | 18.13% | 9,142 | 0.29% | 254 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Santa Cruz | 63.17% | 10,905 | 29.86% | 5,155 | 6.48% | 1,119 | 0.50% | 85 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Marin | 54.50% | 9,756 | 36.28% | 6,494 | 8.69% | 1,555 | 0.54% | 97 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Santa Clara | 60.06% | 37,156 | 31.17% | 19,281 | 8.43% | 5,215 | 0.33% | 209 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Humboldt | 50.95% | 9,179 | 35.79% | 6,448 | 12.61% | 2,271 | 0.65% | 117 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Riverside | 62.33% | 19,892 | 31.01% | 9,896 | 6.49% | 2,072 | 0.18% | 55 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|San Mateo | 52.29% | 18,448 | 36.91% | 13,022 | 10.40% | 3,669 | 0.39% | 138 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Santa Barbara | 60.29% | 14,429 | 32.32% | 7,735 | 11.80% | 1,702 | 0.28% | 66 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Mariposa | 46.80% | 1,089 | 37.17% | 865 | 15.21% | 354 | 0.55% | 19 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Napa | 58.96% | 5,750 | 28.77% | 2,806 | 12.05% | 1,175 | 0.22% | 22 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Mendocino | 62.87% | 6,178 | 28.12% | 2,763 | 8.08% | 794 | 0.93% | 92 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Monterey | 61.53% | 11,083 | 31.01% | 5,585 | 7.13% | 1,285 | 0.33% | 60 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Tehama | 44.34% | 2,865 | 28.10% | 1,816 | 27.28% | 1,763 | 0.28% | 28 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Butte | 47.82% | 8,041 | 35.28% | 5,932 | 16.62% | 2,795 | 0.28% | 47 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|San Bernardino | 56.76% | 30,285 | 35.90% | 19,157 | 7.07% | 3,774 | 0.27% | 143 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|San Luis Obispo | 47.11% | 6,422 | 37.36% | 5,093 | 15.13% | 2,063 | 0.39% | 53 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Imperial | 52.01% | 7,253 | 40.42% | 5,637 | 7.18% | 1,001 | 0.39% | 55 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Sutter | 47.01% | 2,872 | 32.41% | 1,980 | 20.36% | 1,244 | 0.21% | 13 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Colusa | 55.70% | 2,584 | 42.24% | 1,709 | 18.56% | 861 | 0.32% | 15 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Glenn | 46.00% | 2,342 | 28.60% | 1,456 | 25.26% | 1,286 | 0.14% | 7 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Los Angeles | 47.45% | 457,755 | 42.02% | 405,331 | 10.20% | 98,348 | 0.33% | 3,202 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Nevada | 45.33% | 3,163 | 31.03% | 2,165 | 22.96% | 1,602 | 0.67% | 47 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|San Joaquin | 46.64% | 17,612 | 36.33% | 13,720 | 16.56% | 6,255 | 0.47% | 174 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|San Francisco | 50.91% | 115,047 | 38.88% | 87,850 | 9.51% | 21,499 | 0.69% | 1,581 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive|El Dorado | 33.37% | 1,744 | 32.17% | 1,681 | 33.79% | 1,766 | 0.67% | 35 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Modoc | 49.39% | 1,452 | 28.44% | 836 | 21.67% | 637 | 0.51% | 15 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Tulare | 37.46% | 9,850 | 26.12% | 6,867 | 36.18% | 9,512 | 0.24% | 65 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Calaveras | 45.83% | 1,524 | 37.05% | 1,232 | 16.63% | 553 | 0.48% | 16 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Ventura | 54.07% | 11,015 | 32.20% | 6,560 | 13.45% | 2,740 | 0.27% | 55 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Siskiyou | 39.19% | 4,202 | 32.77% | 3,514 | 27.54% | 2,953 | 0.50% | 53 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Kern | 48.59% | 14,798 | 37.26% | 11,348 | 13.78% | 4,197 | 0.37% | 111 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Contra Costa | 45.52% | 15,540 | 45.67% | 15,591 | 8.48% | 2,894 | 0.33% | 115 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive|Stanislaus | 34.46% | 7,853 | 27.47% | 6,260 | 37.70% | 8,592 | 0.36% | 83 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Alameda | 52.69% | 102,328 | 37.70% | 73,233 | 9.14% | 17,758 | 0.47% | 913 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Yolo | 46.44% | 4,087 | 18.70% | 1,646 | 34.56% | 3,041 | 0.30% | 26 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Sacramento | 35.75% | 19,360 | 33.81% | 18,310 | 30.09% | 16,291 | 0.35% | 187 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Yuba | 49.81% | 2,603 | 30.64% | 1,601 | 19.19% | 1,003 | 0.37% | 19 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Trinity | 40.21% | 889 | 44.91% | 993 | 13.93% | 308 | 0.95% | 21 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Sierra | 45.19% | 676 | 31.48% | 471 | 22.66% | 339 | 0.67% | 10 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive|Fresno | 30.46% | 15,338 | 30.80% | 15,509 | 38.33% | 19,296 | 0.40% | 204 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Solano | 44.57% | 6,728 | 33.87% | 5,112 | 21.24% | 3,206 | 0.32% | 48 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Merced | 35.21% | 4,123 | 31.83% | 3,727 | 31.83% | 3,727 | 1.13% | 132 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Tuolumne | 36.63% | 1,580 | 44.96% | 1,940 | 18.19% | 785 | 0.23% | 10 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Placer | 34.23% | 3,337 | 31.93% | 3,113 | 33.55% | 3,271 | 0.29% | 29 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Madera | 32.11% | 2,204 | 35.56% | 2,441 | 29.76% | 2,043 | 2.57% | 176 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Amador | 52.00% | 1,946 | 26.22% | 981 | 21.43% | 802 | 0.35% | 13 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Lassen | 33.09% | 1,697 | 39.44% | 2,023 | 26.94% | 1,382 | 0.53% | 27 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Shasta | 42.75% | 3,283 | 36.71% | 2,819 | 20.09% | 1,543 | 0.45% | 35 |
| align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Plumas | 36.63% | 1,213 | 37.03% | 1,226 | 25.91% | 858 | 0.42% | 14 |
References
Further reading
- Antognini, Richard. "The Role of A.P. Giannini in the 1934 California Gubernatorial Election." Southern California Quarterly 57.1 (1975): 53–86. online
- Barger, Bob. "Raymond L. Haight and the Commonwealth Progressive Campaign of 1934" California Historical Society Quarterly 43 (September, 1964), pp 219–30. online
- Hill, Patricia Lucy. "Upton Sinclair and the 1934 California gubernatorial election." (MS thesis, Portland State University, 1978) online.
- Larsen, Charles E. "The Epic Campaign of 1934." Pacific Historical Review 27.2 (1958): 127–147. online
- Mitchell, Greg. The campaign of the century: Upton Sinclair's race for governor of California and the birth of media politics (Random House, 1992).
- Rising, George G. "An EPIC Endeavor: Upton Sinclair's 1934 California Gubernatorial Campaign." Southern California Quarterly 79.1 (1997): 101–124. online
- Singer, Donald L. "Upton Sinclair and the California Gubernatorial Campaign of 1934." Southern California Quarterly 56.4 (1974): 375–406. online
Шаблон:California gubernatorial elections Шаблон:1934 United States elections Шаблон:US Third Party Election
- ↑ Mitchell, Greg. ‘Mank’ and Politics: What Really Happened in 1934 California. New York Times, Dec. 7, 2020.
