Английская Википедия:1935 Nobel Prize in Literature
Шаблон:Infobox award The 1935 Nobel Prize in Literature was not awarded after the Swedish Academy decided that no author in the field of literature was a suitable candidate.[1] Hence, the prize money for this year was Шаблон:Frac allocated to the Main Fund and Шаблон:Frac to the Special Fund of this prize section.[2]
Deliberations
Nominations
Despite no author(s) being awarded for the 1935 prize, numerous literary critics, societies and academics still sent nominations to the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy. In total, the Nobel Committee received 52 nominations for 38 authors like Frans Eemil Sillanpää (awarded in 1939), Johannes V. Jensen (awarded in 1944), Paul Valéry, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Roger Martin du Gard (awarded in 1937) and H. G. Wells.[3]
Fourteen of the nominees were newly recommended for the prize such as Shaul Tchernichovsky, Miguel de Unamuno, Jules Romains, John Masefield, Elise Richter, Edvarts Virza, Víctor Manuel Rendón, Émile Mâle, James Cousins and Gilbert Keith Chesterton. There were five women nominees: Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, Violet Clifton, Ricarda Huch, Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício and Elise Richter.[3]
The authors Henri Barbusse, Ioan Bianu, Arthur Hoey Davis (known as Steele Rudd), Clarence Day, Ella Loraine Dorsey, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Anna Katharine Green, Kaitarō Hasegawa, Mary R. P. Hatch, Louise Manning Hodgkins, Winifred Holtby, Panait Istrati, James Leslie Mitchell (known as Lewis Grassic Gibbon), Violet Paget (known as Vernon Lee), Fernando Pessoa, Lizette Woodworth Reese, George William Russell, Tsubouchi Shōyō, Kurt Tucholsky, William Watson and Stanley G. Weinbaum died in 1935 without having been nominated for the prize.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rufino Blanco Fombona (1874–1944) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, literary criticism | Several professors from American universities |
| 2 | Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (1874–1938) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Шаблон:Ill (1856–1939) |
| 3 | Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874–1936) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, theology, essays, literary criticism, novel, short story, poetry | Torsten Fogelqvist (1880–1941) |
| 4 | Violet Clifton (1883–1961) | Шаблон:Flag | biography, essays | Nevill Coghill (1899–1980) |
| 5 | António Correia de Oliveira (1878–1960) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 6 | James Cousins (1873–1956) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, drama, essays, literary criticism | Файл:Nobel prize winner.svg Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) |
| 7 | Karel Čapek (1890–1938) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel, short story, essays, literary criticism | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 8 | Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício (1884–1947) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Bento Carqueja (1860–1935) |
| 9 | Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, philosophy, essays, drama | Esteban Madruga Jiménez (1890–1980) |
| 10 | Roger Martin du Gard (1881–1958) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, memoir | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 11 | Olav Duun (1876–1939) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 12 | James George Frazer (1854–1941) | Шаблон:Flag | history, essays, translation | Jarl Charpentier (1884–1935) |
| 13 | Franz Karl Ginzkey (1871–1963) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, short story, essays | Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) |
| 14 | Vilhelm Grønbech (1873–1948) | Шаблон:Flag | history, essays, poetry | Sven Lönborg (1871–1959) |
| 15 | Jarl Hemmer (1893–1944) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel | Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) |
| 16 | Ricarda Huch (1864–1947) | Шаблон:Flag | history, essays, novel, poetry | Ernst Robert Curtius (1886–1956) |
| 17 | Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (1873–1950) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 18 | Guðmundur Kamban (1888–1945) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama | Bengt Hesselman (1875–1952) |
| 19 | Rudolf Kassner (1873–1959) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, essays, translation | 6 professors of the University of Zurich |
| 20 | Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer (1878–1962) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, drama | Hans-Friedrich Rosenfeld (1899–1993) |
| 21 | Sven Lönborg (1871–1959) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, history, pedagogy, essays | Emil Rodhe (1863–1936) |
| 22 | John Masefield (1878–1967) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, novel, short story, essays, autobiography | Anders Österling (1884–1981) |
| 23 | Émile Mâle (1862–1954) | Шаблон:Flag | history | Emil Rodhe (1863–1936) |
| 24 | Dmitry Merezhkovsky (1865–1941) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays, poetry, drama | Sigurd Agrell (1881–1937) |
| 25 | Eugene O'Neill (1888–1953) | Шаблон:Flag | drama | Martin Lamm (1880–1950) |
| 26 | Kostis Palamas (1859–1943) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 27 | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, essays, law | Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) |
| 28 | Víctor Manuel Rendón (1859–1940) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, drama, biography, essays, translation | Celiano Monge Navarrete (1856–1940) |
| 29 | Elise Richter (1865–1943) | Шаблон:Flag | philology | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 30 | Jules Romains (1885–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, screenplay | Fredrik Böök (1883–1961) |
| 31 | Frans Eemil Sillanpää (1888–1964) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 32 | Hermann Stehr (1864–1940) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, drama | Hermann August Korff (1882–1963) |
| 33 | Dezső Szabó (1879–1945) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays | Björn Collinder (1894–1983) |
| 34 | Shaul Tchernichovsky (1875–1943) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, essays, translation | Joseph Klausner (1874–1958) |
| 35 | Paul Valéry (1871–1945) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, philosophy, essays, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 36 | Edvarts Virza (1883–1940) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 37 | Herbert George Wells (1866–1946) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays, history, biography | Sigfrid Siwertz (1882–1970) |
| 38 | Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński (1859–1944) | Шаблон:Flag | philology, history, translation, essays | Several professors at the University of Warsaw |
Prize decision
In 1935, the Nobel Committee shortlisted the authors Karel Čapek, Miguel de Unamuno, John Masefield, Gilbert Keith Chesterton and Roger Martin du Gard for the Nobel Prize in Literature. During the deliberations, Čapek was dismissed for political reasonsШаблон:Efn; De Unamuno, considered as one of the Spanish existentialist writers, was dismissed for his abstract ideas in his literary oeuvres; Masefield was dismissed for his uneven works; Du Gard was praised for his The Thibaults, but the committee decided to wait for its other volumes; and Chesterton, though praised by the committee for his English poems, was dismissed for "doubts over the religious non-fictional works like Saint Francis of Assisi and the biography of Jesus".[4] Without Chesterton's religious publications, the succeeding committee members believed he could have won the Nobel for that year. With the aforementioned evaluations, it was decided that no Nobel Prize will be given in the Literature category.[5]Шаблон:Page needed[4]
Notes
References
Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Literature
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1935 nobelprize.org
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Nomination archive – Literature 1935 nobelprize.org
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 The Nobel Prize in Literature: Nominations and Reports 1901–1950 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Gustav Källstrand Andens Olympiska Spel: Nobelprisets historia, Fri Tanke 2021
