Английская Википедия:1941 Paris synagogue attacks

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Over-quotation Шаблон:Infobox civilian attack

On the night of October 2–3, 1941, six synagogues were attacked in Paris and damaged by explosive devices places by their doors between 2:05 and 4:05 am. The perpetrators were identified but not arrested.

History

On the night of October 2–3, 1941, explosive devices were placed in front of six synagogues causing damage to them.[1]

Synagogues affected

The attacks

Helmut Knochen, Chief Commandant of the Sicherheitspolizei (Nazi Occupying Security Services)[2] ordered the attacks on the Paris synagogues.

Members of the Milice placed the bombs. At the Synagogue de la rue Copernic, there was partial destruction of the building (the window jamb and the sill were destroyed and the windows were blown out)[3] that the community rebuilt in 1946. In a journal entry dated September 11, 1942, writer Hélène Berr, wrote:

Шаблон:Blockquote ,[4]

The Revolutionary Social Movement (MSR), a Far-right political party was also implicated in the attacks.[5] From research by Patrick Fournie (2016) : Шаблон:Blockquote According to Frédéric Monier (2011): Шаблон:Blockquote

Hans Sommer, agent with the Nazi intelligence services in charge of France, contacted Eugène Deloncle in 1941. Sommer provided the materials that Deloncle used in the attacks against the synagogues. After the war, Sommer was sentenced to two years in prison by a French military court.[6]

Reporting

According to the Vichy correspondent of the Swiss newspaper Feuille d'Avis de Neuchâtel et du Vignoble neuchâtelois, on Saturday October 4, 1941:Шаблон:BlockquoteThe article continued: Шаблон:Blockquote

Neither surprise nor emotion

A police report by the Renseignements généraux dated October 4, 1941, said: Шаблон:Blockquote

Silence from the Church

Following the attacks on the Paris synagogues, the Archbishop of Paris Emmanuel Suhard, remained silent. In the Free zone, the Association of French Rabbis expressed surprise at this silence. Several bishops reached out to the rabbis with support, following the example of Cardinal Jules-Géraud Saliège of Toulouse, who wrote a letter of support to Rabbi Moïse Cassorla.Шаблон:Citation needed

Bibliography

  • Шаблон:Cite book.
  • Шаблон:Cite journal.
  • Patrick Fournier. La délation des Juifs à Paris pendant l’Occupation, 1940-1944. Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense.Université d’Ottawa. Thèse en cotutelle internationale pour obtenir les grades de Docteur de l’Université d’Ottawa. Discipline : Histoire. Docteur de l’Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense. Discipline : Science Politique. Ottawa, Canada, 2016
  • Шаблон:Cite book
  • Шаблон:Cite book.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

See also

Шаблон:Portal

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Kevin Passmore & Chris Millington , Political Violence and Democracy in Western Europe, 1918–1940, 2015, Шаблон:Lang-fr, Betrayal: Bombing Synagogues on the Streets of Paris: Igniting the French Holocaust/Shoah.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Jean Laloum. Du culte libéral au travail social : la rue Copernic au temps des années noires. Archives Juives 2009/1 (Vol. 42), pages 118 à 132, voir note 5.
  4. ↑ MÉMOIRE. L'attentat du 3 octobre 1941. sauvegardecopernic.org. Шаблон:Webarchive Voir, des photos après l'attentat à la Synagogue de la rue Copernic.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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