Английская Википедия:1948 United States presidential election in Florida

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Infobox election Шаблон:Elections in Florida The 1948 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 2, 1948. Voters chose eight electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Harry Truman won by 87,708 votes or 15.19 percentage points over his Republican opponent Thomas E. Dewey. In culturally Deep Southern North Florida, including the rural and socially conservative Panhandle, Truman was able to rely on having a strong economic program – which Thurmond entirely lacked – to hold off Thurmond's racial appeal.[1] In more cosmopolitan and liberal Central and South Florida – which had seen extensive settlement by Northerners since the war – his economic policies were a winner against Henry Wallace, who received only two percent of the state's vote but did an order of magnitude better in some Tampa precincts.[2]

Dewey nonetheless made dramatic gains upon previous Republican efforts in Florida. By carrying eleven counties, all of which were located in Central and South Florida, mostly in the southwest and on the east coast, he was only the fifth Republican to carry any Florida county at the presidential level since the poll tax' original implementation following the 1888 election.[3]Шаблон:Efn The Dewey counties had in earlier Democratic primaries typically backed "conservative" candidates favoring limited or no economic regulation,[1] due to their lack of dependence on the traditionally "Southern" crops of cotton and tobacco, and would become the most consistently conservative and Republican counties in future presidential elections. Strom Thurmond, who had had to run as a third-party candidate under the "States' Rights" banner, nonetheless won over fifteen percent of the vote. Thurmond carried three counties but ran second in thirty-one others.

This is the last time, Шаблон:As of, that Florida was won by a Democratic presidential candidate by double digits; not even Lyndon B. Johnson in his 1964 landslide election nor Jimmy Carter in 1976 managed to win the state by double digits, despite both men being Southern Democrats. Republicans have won Florida by double digits in six subsequent elections.

This election is also the last time Highlands County have ever voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.[4] Osceola County, which Truman won by two votes, would not vote Democratic again until 1996.[3] Seminole County would not vote Democratic again until 2020. As of 2023, this is the most recent time that Florida voted to the left of Delaware.

16% of white voters supported Thurmond.Шаблон:Sfn

Results

United States presidential election in Florida, 1948[5]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic Harry S. Truman (incumbent) 281,988 48.82% 8
Republican Thomas E. Dewey 194,280 33.63% 0
States' Rights J. Strom Thurmond 89,755 15.54% 0
Progressive Henry A. Wallace 11,620 2.01% 0
Total 577,643 100.00% 8
Voter turnout (Voting age) 33.5%[6]

Results by county

County Harry S. Truman[7]
Democratic
Thomas Edmund Dewey[7]
Republican
James Strom Thurmond[8]
States' Rights
Henry Agard Wallace[9]
Progressive
Total votes cast
# % # % # % # %
Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| Alachua Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,745 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 36.78% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 2,403 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 23.60% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 3,937 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 38.67% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 97 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.95% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 10,182
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Baker Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 849 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 72.19% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 112 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 9.52% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 213 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 18.11% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 2 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.17% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,176
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Bay Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 5,168 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 70.68% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 928 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 12.69% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,193 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 16.32% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 23 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.31% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 7,312
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Bradford Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,228 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 56.07% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 357 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 16.30% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 593 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 27.08% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 12 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.55% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,190
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Brevard Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,348 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 42.20% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 2,315 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 41.61% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 857 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 15.40% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 44 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.79% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 5,564
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Broward Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 7,096 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 36.35% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 9,933 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 50.88% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 2,300 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 11.78% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 192 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.98% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 19,521
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Calhoun Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,404 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 78.26% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 128 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 7.13% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 258 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 14.38% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 4 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.22% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,794
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Charlotte Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 520 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 41.01% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 559 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 44.09% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 172 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 13.56% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 17 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1.34% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,268
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Citrus Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 940 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 56.90% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 461 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 27.91% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 244 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 14.77% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 7 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.42% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,652
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Clay Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,544 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 56.31% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 722 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 26.33% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 457 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 16.67% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 19 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.69% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,742
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Collier Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 362 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 41.14% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 247 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 28.07% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 251 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 28.52% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 20 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 2.27% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 880
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Columbia Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,797 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 53.93% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 553 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 16.60% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 978 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 29.35% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 4 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.12% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,332
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Dade Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 59,681 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 53.52% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 41,301 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 37.04% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 7,136 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 6.40% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 3,394 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 3.04% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 111,512
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| De Soto Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,157 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 55.57% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 569 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 27.33% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 350 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 16.81% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 6 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.29% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,082
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Dixie Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 862 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 67.82% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 111 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 8.73% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 295 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 23.21% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 3 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.24% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,271
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Duval Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 28,567 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 47.85% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 15,379 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 25.76% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 14,428 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 24.17% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1,321 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 2.21% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 59,695
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Escambia Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 13,982 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 63.11% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 3,267 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 14.75% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 4,790 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 21.62% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 117 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.53% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 22,156
Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| Flagler Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 153 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 23.61% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 154 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 23.77% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 330 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 50.93% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 11 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1.70% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 648
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Franklin Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 635 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 59.79% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 130 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 12.24% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 294 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 27.68% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 3 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.28% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,062
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Gadsden Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,427 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 50.93% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 376 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 13.42% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 992 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 35.40% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 7 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.25% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,802
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Gilchrist Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 884 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 83.32% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 46 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 4.34% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 131 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 12.35% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.00% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,061
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Glades Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 274 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 49.37% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 150 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 27.03% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 127 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 22.88% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 4 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.72% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 555
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Gulf Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,219 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 77.20% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 146 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 9.25% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 209 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 13.24% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 5 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.32% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,579
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Hamilton Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,071 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 66.44% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 202 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 12.53% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 337 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 20.91% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 2 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.12% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,612
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Hardee Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,871 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 65.49% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 689 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 24.12% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 281 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 9.84% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 16 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.56% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,857
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Hendry Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 699 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 53.89% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 340 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 26.21% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 241 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 18.58% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 17 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1.31% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,297
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Hernando Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 825 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 49.34% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 441 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 26.38% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 372 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 22.25% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 34 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 2.03% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,672
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Highlands Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,257 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 52.98% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,471 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 34.53% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 498 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 11.69% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 34 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.80% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 4,260
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Hillsborough Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 18,854 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 45.67% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 13,529 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 32.77% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 5,094 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 12.34% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 3,809 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 9.23% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 41,286
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Holmes Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,799 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 56.29% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 492 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 15.39% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 902 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 28.22% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 3 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.09% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,196
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Indian River Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,055 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 43.10% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,134 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 46.32% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 246 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 10.05% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 13 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.53% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 2,448
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Jackson Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,169 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 55.11% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 648 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 11.27% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,917 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 33.34% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 16 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.28% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 5,750
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Jefferson Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 700 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 52.91% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 153 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 11.56% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 467 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 35.30% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 3 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.23% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,323
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Lafayette Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 975 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 85.15% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 52 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 4.54% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 117 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 10.22% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.09% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,145
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Lake Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,474 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 41.96% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 3,579 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 43.23% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,180 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 14.25% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 46 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.56% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 8,279
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Lee Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,883 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 32.48% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 2,276 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 39.26% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,600 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 27.60% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 38 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.66% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 5,797
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Leon Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,607 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 58.55% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,149 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 18.65% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,350 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 21.91% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 55 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.89% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 6,161
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Levy Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,128 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 55.76% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 225 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 11.12% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 662 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 32.72% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 8 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.40% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,023
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Liberty Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 737 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 86.81% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 30 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 3.53% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 81 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 9.54% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.12% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 849
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Madison Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,189 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 51.70% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 207 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 9.00% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 898 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 39.04% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 6 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.26% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,300
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Manatee Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,766 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 36.35% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 3,371 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 44.30% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,431 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 18.80% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 42 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.55% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 7,610
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Marion Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 4,650 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 57.01% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,829 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 22.43% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,640 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 20.11% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 37 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.45% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 8,156
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Martin Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 815 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 38.55% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 948 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 44.84% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 323 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 15.28% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 28 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1.32% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 2,114
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Monroe Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,759 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 83.48% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 548 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 12.17% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 122 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 2.71% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 74 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1.64% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 4,503
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Nassau Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,518 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 55.10% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 540 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 19.60% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 681 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 24.72% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 16 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.58% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,755
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Okaloosa Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,519 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 62.86% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 486 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 12.13% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 992 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 24.76% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 10 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.25% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 4,007
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Okeechobee Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 784 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 74.81% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 179 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 17.08% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 84 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 8.02% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.10% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,048
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Orange Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 10,063 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 39.23% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 11,971 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 46.67% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 3,374 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 13.15% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 244 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.95% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 25,652
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Osceola Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,577 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 44.65% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,575 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 44.59% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 357 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 10.11% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 23 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.65% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,532
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Palm Beach Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 9,408 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 39.01% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 10,996 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 45.60% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 3,226 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 13.38% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 485 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 2.01% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 24,115
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Pasco Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,375 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 48.66% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,839 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 37.68% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 628 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 12.87% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 39 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.80% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 4,881
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Pinellas Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 15,724 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 35.32% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 24,900 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 55.92% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 3,400 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 7.64% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 500 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1.12% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 44,524
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Polk Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 12,034 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 52.57% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 7,692 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 33.60% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 2,992 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 13.07% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 174 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.76% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 22,892
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Putnam Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,947 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 40.27% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,435 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 29.68% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,431 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 29.60% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 22 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.46% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 4,835
Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| St. Johns Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,994 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 31.63% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,840 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 29.18% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 2,438 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 38.67% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 33 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.52% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 6,305
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| St. Lucie Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,704 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 38.38% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,689 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 38.04% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,027 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 23.13% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive | 20 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.45% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 4,440
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Santa Rosa Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,316 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 65.72% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 549 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 15.58% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 639 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 18.13% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive | 20 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.57% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,524
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| Sarasota Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,302 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 32.31% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 3,559 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 49.95% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,213 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 17.02% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 51 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.72% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 7,125
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Seminole Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,261 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 45.16% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 1,665 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 33.25% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 1,060 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 21.17% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 21 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.42% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 5,007
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Sumter Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,411 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 65.57% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 251 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 11.66% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 486 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 22.58% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 4 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.19% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,152
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Suwannee Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,033 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 71.62% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 398 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 9.40% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 786 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 18.56% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 18 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.43% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 4,235
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Taylor Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,354 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 67.73% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 216 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 10.81% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 422 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 21.11% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 7 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.35% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,999
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Union Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 594 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 67.96% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 55 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 6.29% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 225 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 25.74% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.00% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 874
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Volusia Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 9,202 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 46.76% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 7,764 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 39.46% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 2,411 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 12.25% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 301 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 1.53% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 19,678
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Wakulla Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 997 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 72.30% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 72 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 5.22% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 305 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 22.12% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 5 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.36% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,379
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Walton Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,366 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 62.28% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 652 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 17.16% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 761 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 20.03% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 20 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.53% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 3,799
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| Washington Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 1,380 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 62.42% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 297 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican| 13.43% Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 523 Шаблон:Party shading/Dixiecrat| 23.65% Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 11 Шаблон:Party shading/Progressive| 0.50% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 2,211
Totals[10]Шаблон:Efn 281,988 48.82% 194,280 33.63% 89,755 15.54% 11,620 2.01% 577,643

Analysis

With the exception of the 1928 election, when fierce anti-Catholicism and Prohibitionism caused Herbert Hoover to defeat the wet Catholic Al Smith,[11] Florida since the end of the Reconstruction era had been a classic Southern one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. Disfranchisement of African-Americans and many poor whites had virtually eliminated the Republican Party – only nine Republicans had ever been elected to the state legislature since 1890 – and Democratic primaries were the sole competitive elections.

Under the influence of Senator Claude Pepper, Florida had abolished the poll tax in 1937, leading to steady increases in voter turnout during the following several elections;[12] however, there was no marked increase in African-American voting and Democratic hegemony remained unchallenged: FDR did not lose a single county in the state during his four elections.[3]

However, on February 2, 1948, incumbent President Harry S. Truman, fearing that the anti-democratic practices and racial discrimination of the South would severely denigrate the United States' reputation in the Cold War,[13] launched the first civil rights bill since the end of Reconstruction, along with Executive Order 9981 to desegregate the military. Mississippi governor Fielding Wright had already sounded a call for revolt, which he took to the Southern Governors Conference at Wakulla Springs[14] to say that calls for civil rights legislation by national Democrats would not be tolerated in the South.

After Truman was renominated at the 1948 Democratic National Convention, Southern Democrats walked out and convened at Birmingham, Alabama on July 17, nominating South Carolina Governor James Strom Thurmond for president and Mississippi Governor Fielding L. Wright for vice president.[15]

Due to its smaller proportion of African Americans in its population than in other Southern states, Florida experienced less dissent from the national Democratic Party in response to these actions.[16] Florida Senator Claude Pepper argued that, unless Dwight D. Eisenhower was nominated instead, Truman was the only viable nominee, while Frank D. Upchurch, a long-time adversary of Pepper, recommended that the renomination of Truman be fought. [17] Eventually, those opposed to Truman won the primary fight, taking eleven and a half votes out of twenty and control of the state's delegation.

When Florida's Democrats designated their presidential electors, four were pledged against Truman and four to vote for him,[16] although only names of electors were listed.[18] However, after the "States' Rights" convention in July, Miami Herald publisher Reuben Clein filed a civil suit to disqualify the four original electors who planned to vote for Thurmond.[17][19] Pepper reversed his earlier pledge not to support Truman, and a special session of the state legislature provided separate lists for all candidates,[17] including the progressive former Vice President Henry A. Wallace. Pepper campaigned on Dewey's alleged support of big business over the "little man",[20] and Truman made a whistle-stop tour of the state in mid-October.[21]

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Works cited

Шаблон:United States presidential elections Шаблон:United States presidential election, 1948 Шаблон:State Results of the 1948 U.S. presidential election Шаблон:United States elections

  1. 1,0 1,1 Doherty, Herbert J. (junior); 'Liberal and Conservative Politics in Florida'; The Journal of Politics, vol. 14, no. 3 (August 1952), pp. 403-417
  2. Menendez; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, p. 75
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004, p. 164-165 Шаблон:ISBN
  4. Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
  5. Шаблон:Cite web
  6. Gans, Curtis and Mulling, Matthew; Voter Turnout in the United States, 1788-2009, p. 481 Шаблон:ISBN
  7. 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite web (xlsx file for €15)
  8. Шаблон:Cite web (.xlsx file for €15)
  9. Шаблон:Cite web (.xlsx file for €15)
  10. Florida Department of State, Division of Elections, (compiler); Official Vote – State of Florida General Election – 1948 Tabulated by Counties (Tallahassee, 1948)
  11. Doherty, Herbert J. (junior); 'Florida and the Presidential Election of 1928'; The Florida Historical Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 2 (October 1947), pp. 174-186
  12. Poll Taxes: Hearings Before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on S. 1280, Seventy-Seventh Congress, Second Session, Parts 1-2, p. 289
  13. Frederickson, Kari A.; The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, p. 76 Шаблон:ISBN
  14. Key, Valdimer Orlando; Southern Politics in State and Nation, p. 330 Alfred A. Knopf (1949)
  15. Key; Southern Politics, p. 335
  16. 16,0 16,1 Key; Southern Politics, pp. 337-338
  17. 17,0 17,1 17,2 Pleasant, Julian M.; 'Claude Pepper, Strom Thurmond, and the 1948 Presidential Election in Florida'; The Florida Historical Quarterly, vol. 76, no. 4 (Spring, 1998), pp. 439-473
  18. 'Floridians to Find It Hard to Vote Dixiecrat Ticket'; The Evening Independent, July 17, 1948, p. 1
  19. Gainesville Sun, September 5, 1948; Tallahassee Daily Democrat, September 8, 1948
  20. 'Pepper Charges Dewey Favours Big Business'; St. Petersburg Times, September 3, 1948, p. 1
  21. Goldzwig, Steven R.; Truman's Whistle-stop Campaign, p. 89 Шаблон:ISBN